The textile tentering process generates exhaust gases characterized by elevated temperature and humidity, accompanied by complex odors, fine particulate matter, and visible white smoke, all of which frequently contribute to public grievances and environmental concerns. This study evaluated a field-installed, multi-stage emissioncontrol system consisting of a scrubber, a wet electrostatic precipitator (WEFC), and a heat exchanger, with emphasis on the effect of routine plate cleaning over a ht ree-month operation. Real-time monitoring at 5-minute intervals measured temperature, humidity, total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10, TSP), and odor intensity. Odor activity values (OAVs) and odor contributions (OC) were determined from samples collected according to the Korean Odor Measurement Standard. The emission-control system reduced exhaust temperature from 150oC to below 50oC while maintaining stack outlet temperature differences within 5oC, thereby suppressing visible white smoke. The multistage system achieved mean removal efficiencies of 88.6±5.0% for TVOCs and 96.2±6.5% for PM10, with a gravimetric PM10 removal of 99.4%. Weekly cleaning of the electrostatic plates constrained day-to-day variability in odor and PM levels within ±10%, significantly lowering the frequency of white-smoke episodes. Isovaleraldehyde and acetaldehyde accounted for >90% of total OAVs, indicating the need for supplementary treatment targeting aldehydes. These results provide quantitative evidence to guide maintenance scheduling and emission-control policy for the textile processing industry.

This study analyzed the emission characteristics of major air pollutants from 97 domestic municipal solid waste incineration facilities using tele-monitoring system (TMS) data collected from 2015 to 2023. Focusing on the effects of the enforcement of enhanced national emission standards in 2019, this research examined changes in emission factors (EFs) of dust and nitrogen oxides (NOX) by facility capacity and aging level. The results showed that the average EFs for dust and NOX significantly decreased by up to 30% after enforcement (p<0.01~0.001), indicating the practical effectiveness of the strengthened standard. This trend was observed consistently across all facility sizes and aging levels, including large-scale and older facilities. In contrast, hydrogen chloride (HCl) and carbon monoxide (CO) did not show clear reductions and remained highly variable, suggesting that emission standards alone may not be sufficient for stable control. These findings demonstrate the need for optimized combustion conditions and improved post-treatment systems for pollutants such as HCl and CO. This study provides empirical evidence highlighting the importance of appropriate facility scale and systematic refurbishment cycles for stable emission reduction in municipal waste incinerators.

This study aims to quantitatively evaluate the life cycle carbon emissions of continuously reinforced concrete pavements on Korean expressways. The analysis focuses on assessing the effect of the changes in pavement design life and maintenance frequency on total carbon emissions to provide a basis for effective carbon reduction strategies. In accordance with ISO 14040 and ISO 14044, carbon emissions were calculated using actual design documents, including bills of quantities and unit price lists. National emission factors were applied to each life cycle stage, including the maintenance stage that was modeled based on the standard maintenance scenarios of the Korea Expressway Corporation. The study also conducted a scenario-based evaluation to examine the impact of extending the pavement design life from 20 to 30 years on maintenance-related emissions. The usage stage accounted for the largest share of total emissions, followed by the material production and maintenance stages. Notably, repeated asphalt overlay maintenance contributed significantly to emissions. Extending the design life reduced the number of high-emission maintenance activities, leading to a significant reduction in the total life cycle emissions. Extending the pavement design life and optimizing maintenance cycles were effective strategies for reducing the life cycle carbon emissions in road infrastructure. Furthermore, applying eco-design principles—such as incorporating recycled aggregates or low-carbon cement during the design stage—could further enhance sustainability. Future research should include various case studies and support the development of standardized national life cycle inventory databases for road infrastructure systems.

The commercial feed additive, native rumen microbes (RC), derived from a diverse microbial community isolated from the rumen of Hanwoo steers is being explored to enhance rumen fermentation and improve ruminant feed utilization. This study evaluated the impact of native rumen microbes supplementation on methane emissions, microbial diversity, and fermentation efficiency on in vitro assessment. Treatments were as follows: CON (basal diet, without RC); T1 (basal diet + 0.1% RC); T2 (basal diet + 0.2% RC). Rumen fermentation parameters, total gas, and methane production were assessed at 12, 24, and 48 h of incubations. The in vitro gas production was carried out using the Ankom RF Gas Production System. Supplementation of RC significantly reduced the total gas production at 12, 24, and 48 hours of incubation (p < 0.05). Volatile fatty acid concentrations were increased, while acetate and propionate were decreased (p < 0.05) at 48 h by the supplementation of RC. Notably, the 0.1% inclusion level of RC significantly reduced methane production by 28.30% and 21.21% at 12 and 24 hours. Furthermore, microbial diversity analysis revealed significant shifts (p < 0.05) in bacterial composition between the control and treatment groups, while supplementation also promoted the growth of bacterial populations, such as Succiniclasticum. These findings suggest that native rumen microbes supplementation, particularly at 0.1% inclusion level, can enhance rumen microbial composition while significantly reducing methane production in vitro.

In this study, comparative combustion was performed in a 3-ton flue tube boiler for emulsified oil manufactured by using 15% water and approximately 1% carbide aqueous solution as an emulsifier in Bunker-C oil, and the characteristics of exhaust emissions were analyzed. As a result of performing comparative combustion under the same ambient environment and external conditions, the exhaust gas temperature decreased by approximately 3.93% from 183.76℃ for bunker-C to 176.52℃ for EM15, and the oxygen concentration increased by approximately 2.96% from 9.72% to 12.68% . Carbon dioxide decreased by approximately 2.3% from 8.49% for bunker-C to 6.19% for EM15, indicating that EM15 has a greenhouse gas reduction effect. When the standard oxygen concentration of 4% was applied, nitrogen oxides decreased by approximately 43.17% from 130.59 ppm for Bunker-C to 74.21 ppm for EM15, and sulfur oxides decreased by approximately 53.05% , confirming the excellent emission reduction characteristics of emulsified fuel oil. Therefore, it is expected that replacing emulsified fuel oil in boilers using Bunker-C oil will enable response to increasingly strengthened emission regulations.

The electric discharge experiment, known as the Miller-Urey experiment, is one of the experiments to understand the origin of life on Earth. The experiment involved simulating the Earth’s early atmosphere by introducing methane(CH4), ammonia(NH3), and nitrogen(N2) gases, and applying energy through electric discharge. Resulting solution was found to contain amino acids such as glycine(C2H5NO2), alanine( C3H7NO2), histidine(C6H9N3O2), proline(C5H9NO2), and valine(C5H11NO2). These amino acids were compared with the results of the recent experiment (Parker et al. 2014). Interestingly, the electric discharge produced C2 swan band and CN emission and it was newly found in gas phase. These two emission bands are commonly observed in comets.

The utilization of pig slurry (PS) as an organic fertilizer plays a pivotal role in nutrient recycling within agricultural systems. However, this practice concomitantly leads nitrogen (N) losses through ammonia (NH₃) volatilization and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of wood biochar on mitigating NH3 and N2O emissions and enhancing N retention from PS-applied soil, and plant biomass production during the vegetative growth of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). The experiment consisted of three treatments: 1) water (non-PS), 2) PS, and 3) PS combined with wood biochar (PS+WB). The PS+WB treatment resulted in the maintenance of elevated soil water content during the experimental period. The PS+WB treatment significantly enhanced soil nitrogen retention compared to PS alone, maintaining higher total N and NH₄⁺-N levels while reducing NO₃⁻ -N accumulation. Wood biochar application also leds to substantial reductions in NH₃ and N₂O emissions, mitigating environmental N losses. The PS+WB treatment resulted in an improvement of shoot biomass, crude protein content, and total digestible nutrients, indicating enhanced forage quality. The increased soil moisture content in PS+WB further contributed to plant growth benefits. These findings demonstrate that wood biochar is an effective amendment for improving nitrogen retention, reducing gaseous N emissions, and enhancing crop productivity in PS-amended soils.

This study evaluated changes in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and aerosol particle concentrations following the use of certain spray-type household chemical products in an indoor environment. Four commercially available products in South Korea (including sticker/tar removers, a razor cleaner, and a fabric stain remover) were analyzed using real-time VOC monitoring with proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) and particle number concentration measurement with an Optical Particle Sizer. Immediately after spraying 17 grams of each product, VOC concentrations increased sharply, and hazardous substances such as benzene, 1,3-butadiene, formaldehyde, and acrolein remained at elevated levels for a certain period. Additionally, some products exhibited benzene concentrations exceeding levels of potential exposure concern, and the operation of an air purifier reduced VOC levels by 73%. This research provides insight into changes in indoor air quality and associated exposure risks due to household chemical use, and it may serve as a basis for future air quality management and regulatory standards.

본 연구는 도로 관리 주체의 Scope-3 배출량을 포함한 교량의 탄소 배출량을 정량적으로 산정하는 것을 목표로 한다. 기존의 탄소 배출량 산정 방식은 주로 직접 배출(Scope-1)과 간접 배출(Scope-2)에 초점을 맞추었으나, 도로 및 교량과 같은 사회간접자본(SOC) 시설에서 발생하는 Scope-3 배출량을 포함하는 종합적인 평가가 필요하다. 이를 위해 HDM-4 모델을 활용하여 교량의 노면 상태(IRI, Roughness)에 따른 연료 소비량 변화를 분석하였으며, PSC BEAM교를 대상으로 사례 연구를 진행하였다. 연구에서는 공기 저항, 구름 저항, 구배 저항 등의 주요 동력 저항 요소를 고려하여 연료 소비량을 산정하였으며, 이를 통해 단위시간당 연료소모량(IFC)과 총 연료 소비량을 평가하였다. 연구 결과, 도로 관리 주체가 교량 운영 단계에서 발생하는 Scope-3 배출량을 정확히 평가하는 것이 전체 탄소 배출량 산정에서 중요한 요소임을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 향후 도로 및 교량 설계, 유지보수 단계에서 탄소 저감 전략을 수립하 는 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

국제사회는 1992년 유엔기후변화협약(UNFCCC), 1997년 교토의정서, 2015년 파리협정, 2018년 IPCC ‘1.5℃ 특별보고서’ 채택을 통하여 온실가스 감축 목표를 세워 기후 문제에 대응하고자 하였다. 이러한 흐름에 대한민국은 2020년 ‘2050 탄 소중립 선언 및 비전을 선포하였고, 2021년 탄소중립기본법을 제정하였다. 이중 도로 건설도 환경영향평가의 대상으로 설정하여 인프라 시설물의 탄소중립에 노력을 기울이고 있다. 하지만 2011년 국토교통부의 ‘시설물별 탄소배출량 산정 가이드라인’ 외 구체적인 생애주기 분석 방법이 부재한 상황이며 기수행된 연구에서는 전과정이 아닌 특정 수명주기에 집중하였던 단점이 존재하였다. 특히 수명주기 중 사용단계는 시설물 이용, 유지관리, 에너지 및 용수 사용 등의 내용을 포함하며 2023년 세계 경제 포럼은 사용단계의 탄소배출량이 평균적으로 전체 탄소배출량의 70%를 차지한다고 발표하였 기 때문에 사용단계의 탄소배출량을 산정하는 것은 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국제 표준 ISO 21930:2017의 전과정 평가 LCA(Life Cycle Assessment) 방법과 국토교통부의 ‘시설물별 탄소배출량 산정 가이드라인’을 따라 국내 탄소배출 계수를 기반으로 도로건설 전과정의 생애주기 구분을 하였고, 탄소배출량을 산정하였다. 이를 통해 국내 환경영향평가 방법의 보완에 기여하고자 한다.

본 연구는 국내 주요 항만에 정박 중인 선박들의 이산화탄소 배출 특성을 항만별, 선박 유형별로 배출 현황을 파악하여 향후 배출 저감 정책 수립에 필요한 기초 자료를 제공하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 항만운영정보시스템 데이터를 활용하여 2019년부터 2023년까지 최근 5년간의 정박 선박 데이터를 수집, 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 탱커선과 화물선이 전체 탄소 배출량의 대부분을 차지하며, 부산항, 울산항, 광양항 등 주요 무역항에서 배출량이 높게 나타났다. 특히, 탱커선은 정박 중 화물 가열 및 증기 구동 펌프 사용 등으로 인해 타 선종에 비해 발전기 사용이 많아 높은 배출 특성을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 항만 내 육상전원공급장치(AMP)의 설치 확대가 필요 함을 시사하며, 특히 탱커선이 접안하는 선석을 우선적으로 AMP 설치 대상으로 선정하는 것이 효과적일 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구는 국 내 항만에서 정박 선박의 이산화탄소 배출 특성을 체계적으로 파악하여 효율적인 배출 저감 전략을 수립하는 데 기여할 것으로 기대된 다.

본 연구는 우리나라 연근해 선박의 친환경 기술 도입이 대기오염물질 저감에 미치는 효과를 분석하고, 이를 통해 향후 정 책 방향을 제안하기 위해 수행되었다. 최근 국제해사기구(IMO)와 정부·기관들은 해양 대기오염 문제를 해결하고 탄소중립 목표를 달 성하기 위해 다양한 친환경 기술의 적용을 촉구하고 있으며, 특히 연근해 운항 선박에서 발생하는 질소산화물(NOx), 황산화물(SOx), 미세먼지(PM)와 같은 주요 오염물질의 저감이 시급한 상황이다. 다양한 대체연료(LNG, 메탄올, 배터리 등)와 후처리기술(DPF)을 시나 리오별로 적용하고, 각 시나리오에서 대기오염물질(PM10, PM2.5)의 배출 감축량을 예측하였다. 분석 결과, 2030년까지는 DPF와 바이오 연료와 같은 즉각 적용 가능한 기술들이 효과적인 저감 수단으로 나타났으며, 2050년까지는 무탄소 연료와 전기 추진 기술의 상용화 가 필수적임을 확인하였다. 친환경 기술 도입이 대기오염물질 배출량에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 제시함으로써, 해운 분야의 친환경, 탄소중립 달성을 위한 정책적, 기술적 인프라 확충의 필요성을 강조하고 있다. 이를 통해 정부의 지원 및 규제 필요성을 제안하고자 한다.

The management of pollutant emissions from industrial sites involves various crucial steps, including estimating emission quantities and assessing their impact on surrounding areas. While emissions from point sources, such as exhaust outlets, are relatively easier to manage, emissions from area sources, such as workshops and livestock facilities, are often challenging to measure due to various constraints. To address this issue, this study proposes a method for estimating emissions from area sources by utilizing data collected at site boundaries and applying a reverse modeling approach. Using data from actual livestock facilities, along with reverse modeling results, this study identified a strong correlation between the facility area and the number of livestock raised. Correlation analyses revealed positive relationships between the facility area and the average odor emission rate, as well as between the number of livestock and the average odor emission rate. In addition, the results of reverse modeling confirmed a significant correlation between odor emissions, the number of livestock, and the facility area. Based on these findings, this study developed an odor emission factor for livestock facilities using the number of livestock and the facility area as activity indicators. The odor emission factor is expressed in units of OU/s/pig/m², where “OU” represents odor units, “s” denotes seconds, “pig” corresponds to the number of livestock, and “m²” refers to the total facility area. By multiplying the number of livestock by the facility area, the total odor emission rate (OU/sec) can be calculated. Unlike traditional emission factors that rely solely on the number of livestock, this newly developed factor incorporates all facilities contributing to odor emissions within a livestock operation. This approach allows for the estimation of odor emissions using external measurement data and facility information, even in cases where direct measurements are impractical. The results of this study are expected to be effectively utilized for odor evaluation and management in livestock facilities.

This study aimed to estimate the rumen fermentation characteristics and greenhouse gas emissions of major domestic feed sources for Hanwoo. Five feed sources mainly used in South Korea were selected: corn meal (CM), soybean meal (SM), wheat flour (WF), palm kernel cake (PKC), and corn distiller’s dried grains with soluble (DDGS). These feed sources were purchased from a commercial feed company. For 24 h rumen incubation, each feed source (0.3 g) was placed into the incubation bottle with the rumen mixture (30 mL) in quadruplicates. After incubation, total gas production was measured and sub-sampled for CO2 and CH4 analyses, and the bottle content was centrifuged for rumen fermentation characteristics and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). Crude protein content was highest in SM and lowest in CM. Ether extract content was highest in DDGS and lowest in SM, while neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents were highest in PKC and lowest in CM. Propionate content was highest in DDGS, and butyrate and A:P ratio contents were highest in PKC (p<0.05). Total gas emission (mL/g DMD) was lowest in SM and DDGS, while CH4 emission (mL/g DMD) was lowest in DDGS (p<0.05). Therefore, this study concluded that DDGS could be an alternative feed source to reduce methane emissions.

This review examines the importance of measuring practical enteric methane emissions from ruminants, considering their significant impact on global warming. Global warming is significantly driven by an increase in greenhouse gases, with rising methane (CH4) emissions from ruminants accelerating global warming recently. To successfully mitigate CH4 emissions and establish effective strategies, it is essential to apply reliable measurement techniques. This will allow for an accurate assessment of on-farm CH4 emissions. The priority should be to gather CH4 emission data that reflects the actual state of CH4 emissions from ruminants. The review provides an overview of the methods used to measure CH4 emissions from ruminants by compiling existing researches. It introduces the concepts, principles, and limitations of these methods to facilitate comparisons between existing approaches. This review discusses methods for measuring enteric CH4 emissions from ruminants at the farm level, including the tracer technique, laser methane detector, GreenFeed, and sniffer system. These methods are highlighted as potential tools to accumulate substantial data on on-farm CH4 emission from domestic animals with provides examples of international cases. Among these, this review introduces the Sniffer method, a CH4 emission measurement techniques that are suitable for on-farm use under domestic conditions, and emphasizes the necessity of its application. In addition, by presenting international cases where predictive models were developed based on on-farm CH4 measurement techniques, it is projected that if predictive models for CH4 emissions are developed by accumulating data at the farm level, it can contribute to sustainable livestock industry in various promising ways.