The study focuses on verifying the effects of service education and empowerment on job satisfaction, job performance, and customer orientation. 290 salespeople working for fashion companies participated by completing a survey. The collected data was then analyzed with SPSS 16.0 and AMOS 7.0. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the goodness of fit. Looking at the results of this study, the service education of salespersons in fashion companies was shown to affect their level of satisfaction with their compensation, whereas empowerment affected their psychological satisfaction. These findings indicate that the service training and empowerment as experienced by salespersons working for fashion companies affect their customer orientation and job performance. Specifically, psychological satisfaction as part of the overall level of job satisfaction was found directly to affect their customer orientation, whereas their satisfaction with their compensation did not affect their customer orientation. Customer-orientation as influenced by service education and empowerment was revealed to have direct effect on job performance. The results of this study indicate that the service education of salesperson working for fashion companies and their level of empowerment create job satisfaction and customer orientation in these individuals. This study will be a valuable source of information for those who create salesperson empowerment programs and salesperson management strategies for fashion companies. Such programs and management strategies can facilitate efficient job performance by salespersons working for fashion companies and increase their level of job satisfaction.

The purpose of the study is to design the evaluation model that centered on the cases as to the study on Empowerment Evaluation for participants developing capacity and continuously improving the evaluation itself when conducting the evaluation for PBL activities. As increasing of the importance to the evaluation in the aspect of securing justification of education and managing the quality, the evaluation model is required to be continuously reviewing for satisfying the participant’ various viewpoints, and achieving the educational goals they have set.

21세기는 사회 전반적 현상이 급속도로 변화하는 시기이다. 이러한 변화에 대처는 물론 스스로 주도하고 적응할 수 있는 역량이 요구되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 학교현장 청소년을 대상 으로 학교적응력향상을 위한 코칭프로그램을 실시하고 그 효과를 검증하고자하였다. 최근 청소년들을 위한 역량 관련 프로그램들이 다양한 형태로 이루어지고 있으나 일회성 또는 교육과정과는 별개로 부분적이고 형식적으로 이루어지고 있는 것이 대부분의 학교 교육 현장의 현실이다. 이러한 현상을 보완할 수 있는 방안으로 학교현장의 교사와 청소년들의 요구 탐색을 통해 어떠한 프로그램을 필요로 하고 있으며, 학교현장에서 생활하고 있는 교사와 청소년들의 요구를 반영한 탐색을 통해 학교현장 코칭 프로그램개발하고 적용하고자한다.본 연구는 학교교육현장의 프로그램의 개발과 적용을 정부 또는 상위 기관이나 해당기관 주도의 정책에 의한 것이 아닌 대상 학교별 교사와 학생의 인식을 중심으로 하는 코칭 프로그램의 개발에 의미를 두고자한다.또한 교사와 학생의 필요역량에 대한 사전 조사를 통해 프로그램 개발에 적용하여 현장 요구를 반영한 코칭프로그램의 개발과 적용의 전 후 변화에 대한 정리를 토대로 효과를 제시하고 학교현장 코칭프로그램 개발에 대한 기초자료를 제공하고자한다.

경쟁이라는 환경 속에서 조직은 내, 외부적으로 많은 변화를 겪어 왔다. 빠르게 변화하는 불확실한 환경에 신속하게 대응하기 위해서 조직은 유연성과 효율성을 제고시키고 조직의 역량을 최대화시키기 위한 많은 노력들을 하고 있다. 리더십은 조직에서 새로운 경영기법을 적용하는데 있어서 필수적인 요소이며 임파워링 리더십은 조직구성원들과 더 많은 권한을 공유하고, 조직구성원들에게 자율성을 촉진시키는 리더십이다. 따라서 최근의 급변하는 경영환경에 적합한 리더십으로 임

The purpose of this study is to verify the mediating effect of empowerment on the relation between job characteristics and creativity. This study also examines the relationship job characteristics and creativity. As a result of this study, job characteristics had positive influence on empowerment. Empowerment had positive influence on creativity. Also job characteristics had positive effect on creativity at first, but it did not have a direct effect on creativity when empowerment was considered. These mean that empowerment is complete mediation variable because job characteristics no longer affects creativity after empowerment has been considered. Several implications, limitations and directions for future research were discussed.

본 연구는 영유아보육의 질 향상을 위한 보육교사의 보육헌신이 절대적으로 요구되는 시점에 보육교사의 보육헌신에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 보육시설장의 변혁적 리더십과 보육교사의 임파워먼트에 대한 연구는 매우 중요하다고 볼 수 있다. 특히 교사 개인이 특성조직과 동일시하고 공헌하는 것에 대한 상대적인 강도를 의미할 수 있는 보육헌신은 효율적인 보육시설의 운영에 있어 지속적으로 연구될 필요가 있기 때문에 본 연구에서는 보육헌신에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 중요한 두 가지 변인인 보육시설장의 변혁적 리더십과 보육교사의 임파워먼트가 보육헌신에 미치는 영향을 명확히 밝히고자 하였다. 본 연구의 의의는 저출산과 맞물려 미래의 인적자원을 키워내는데 첫 출발이 되는 보육현장의 질적 수준을 높이는데 중요한 변수인 보육교사의 보육헌신에 초점이 맞추어져 있으며, 기존 선행연구를 통해 보육교사의 보육헌신을 높이는데 중요한 변인으로 이야기되고 있는 보육시설장의 변혁적 리더십과 보육교사의 임파워먼트와의 관계 및 영향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 실제적으로 보육교사의 보육헌신에 대한 일반적인 경향을 살펴보고 보육교사의 보육헌신에 영향을 미치는 보육교사의 임파워먼트와 보육시설장의 변혁적 리더십과의 관계 및 영향을 통계적 방법인 양적연구를 통해 명확하게 입증하고자 하였다는데 연구의 의의가 있다.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of psychological capital on empowerment and learning performance and the mediating effect of the empowerment on the relationship between psychological capital and learning performance. In order to verify the relationships and mediating effect, data were obtained from 283 university students in Ulsan Metropolitan City and were analyzed by using SPSS 12.0, AMOS 5.0. The findings are as follows: First, the psychological capital were positively related to the empowerment and the learning performance. Second, there was also a positive relationship between the empowerment and the learning performance. Finally, it is found that empowerment fully mediated the relationship of psychological capital and earning performance. The theoretical implication of the study includes that this study and findings advance the understanding of learning performance by suggesting a new viewpoint regarding how psychological capital and empowerment to motivate university's learning performance. Based on these findings, the implications and the limitations of the study were presented including some directions for future studies.

본 연구는 핵심자기평가, 셀프리더십, 심리적 임파워먼트, 그리고 조직유효성과의 관련성에 대하여 종합적으로 실증분석을 하였다. 제안된 연구모형을 살펴보면 핵심자기평가는 조직유효성(직무만족 및 조직몰입, 혁신행동)에 영향을 미치며, 이 과정에서 셀프리더십과 심리적 임파워먼트가 매개변수로 사용되었다. 본 연구에서 개발된 가설의 검증을 위하여 울산광역시에 소재한 은행업, 증권업, 보험업, 공공기관, 교육기관, 제조업, 기타 서비스업 등 총 7개 업종에 근무하고

목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 임상작업치료사들의 임파워먼트, 직무특성, 직무몰입 그리고 직무만족의 특성과 상호 관계성을 알아보기 위한 것이다. 연구방법 : 연구의 대상은 경력 1년 이상의 작업치료사 150명을 대상으로 하였다. 본 연구는 4개의 부분으로 총 60문항으로 구성된 설문지(대상자의 일반적 특성 13문항, 임파워먼트 12문항, 직무만족 20문항, 조직몰입 15문항)를 이용하여 수집된 임상 작업치료사의 특성별 임파워먼트의 차이, 그리고 임파워먼트와 직무만족, 조직몰입과의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 결과 : 작업치료사의 임파워먼트 정도는 59.24였고 임파워먼트 요소로서는 의미성이 가장 크게 나타났다. 임파워먼트의 차이는 성별, 교육수준, 근무형태, 총 근무경력에서 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<.05). 작업치료사의 직무만족도와 조직몰입은 임파워먼트와 양의 상관관계를 보여 임상작업치료사의 임파워먼트가 증가할수록 직무만족과 조직몰입은 커지는 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). 결론 : 본 연구의 결과는 임상 작업치료사의 임파워먼트가 직무만족 및 조직몰입과 관계되며, 이는 일부 개인적인 특성에 따라 달라질 수 있다는 것을 의미한다. 이러한 결과는 작업치료사의 직무 관련 스트레스와 만족도 뿐만 아니라 의료 서비스 향상 전략을 연구하는데 있어서의 기초자료로 도움이 될 것이다.

The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between empowerment, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment among physical therapists. Currently, healthcare is changing very rapidly with developments in science and technology. In response to these rapid and uncontrollable changes, organizational members are often empowered. Through the empowerment process, feelings of powerlessness and frustration can be reduced and factors promoting work performance, such as job satisfaction and organizational commitment could be enhanced. One said this term popularly, there was a lack of study. There have been few studies on physical therapy administration. Data was collected from 352 therapists from many hospitals from February 1 to February 28, 2008, and analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation, etc., were performed. The results were as follows: Of all the characteristics of empowered subjects, gender (p<.05) and age were observed to be significantly different (p<.01). Educational background, working pattern, marriage status, and the period of duty were observed to be different among empowered therapists (p<.001). The degree of empowerment as perceived by therapists was 58.72. Empowerment was correlated with job satisfaction and organizational commitment (p<.01). The study on empowerment was significant from the aspect of strategies to increase work performance. To elucidate the optimal strategy to effectuate empowerment in clinical practice, we studied various aspects of empowerment. Further studies on the relationship between empowerment and organizational commitment are warranted.

Ambitiously introduced by the Hong Kong government in 1998, all pre-service teachers are to attain the upper intermediate level of information technology (IT) competency in education as a qualification before entry into the teaching profession (Education and Manpower Bureau, 1998). This level focuses on the effective use of IT across the curriculum and using IT in a meaningful educational context to maximize the effectiveness of the instructional process. This article discusses how the proactive strategy of information technology competency education (ITCE) empowerment and the teaching subject study (TSS) portfolio assessment system have been successfully implemented in the post-graduate program of primary teacher education at the Hong Kong Institute of Education. It also examines how students begin to make sense of their newly acquired IT knowledge, skills, and attitudes and how they have demonstrated their competency in the use of IT. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation data were gathered and it was found that students were accomplished in gaining positive and valuable insights in the use of IT in education.

This research is to examine the structural relationships between transformational/transactional leadership, empowerment, relationship quality, and organizational commitment in Chinese restaurant context. In order to empirically investigate the proposed model, the data were collected from 188 respondents randomly selected from among the managers who work in 188 Chinese restaurants in Seoul and Kyonggi-do, which registered in Korean Food Central Association, korean foodservice management Association, Menupan.com We choose to limit our investigation to luxury Chinese restaurants where the average check is above 12,000 won. The survey was executed during two-week period in the autumn of 2004. The findings and discussion are as follows: First, intellectual stimulus behavior of transformational leadership had a positive effect on empowerment. Second, contingent reward leadership had a positive effect on empowerment. Third, empowerment had a positive effect on affective organizational commitment. Fourth, empower had a negative effect on continuous organizational commitment. Fifth, intellectural stimulus behavior of transformation leadership had a positive effect on affective organizational commitment indirectly and had a negative effect on continuous organizational commitment indirectly through mediating role of empowerment. Finally, contingent reward leadership had a positive effect on affective organizational commitment indirectly and had a negative effect on continuous organizational commitment indirectly through mediating role of empowerment. At the end of this paper, managerial implications, discussions, and limitations and future research directions are presented.

With increasing of Korean family's revenue and pursuing quality of life, outdoor food and meal industry is rapidly growing up. Thus employee's service quality is much more needed in this industry. This paper reviewed the relationship between employee empowerment and service quality. The first purpose of this research is to test the effects of employee empowerment on service quality, and the second purpose is to test the moderating effects of sex and tenure on the relationships between employee empowerment and service quality. According to statistical analysis, meaning, competency, and autonomy generally had an affirmative impact on many service quality factors. Also the results of moderating regression analysis showed that long term employees were more sensitive to autonomy than short term employees.

This study tests and analyzes the influence of empowering leadership on employee creativity which is mediated by psychological empowerment. Researchers conduct survey method on state-owned bank employees (ABC Bank) in Pacitan, East Java, Indonesia. Purposive sampling is selected with Likert scale as measurement. The population of this study is 166 respondents, who are permanent employees of the ABC Bank. The data analysis technique used is SPSS 24. The results of this study find that: (1) there is an influence of empowering leadership on psychological empowerment, (2) there is an influence of empowering leadership on individual creativity, (3) there is an influence of psychological empowerment on individual creativity, and (4) the influence of empowering leadership on individual creativity is mediated by psychological empowerment. This study ignores other types of leadership. Further study is needed to examine other types of leadership besides empowering leadership. The level of analysis of this study is individual, so further study could examine empowering leadership conceptualized at the group level because followers will be influenced not only by the dyadic relationship with the leader, but also by the dynamics of the members of the empowered group. This study provides theoretical enrichment from the aspect of empowering leadership, especially at the individual level. Leaders can increase employee creativity by empowering them to do their jobs. Additionally, by creating a work environment that ensures employees feel empowered psychologically.

This study examines the relationship between entrepreneurship of the state civil apparatus variable and public empowerment variable in Central Kalimantan province. Samples were taken using judgment sampling techniques. Based on these criteria, it is known that only 332 regional organizational structures that meet the criteria. Thus, the sample size is 332 regional organizational structure. In each organizational structure of the regional apparatus, 3 people were selected from the state civil apparatus and 3 from the community. Also, this study considers the effect of good governance and the quality of public services as mediating variables. The analysis used in this study is PLS using WarpPLS software. the variables studied were entrepreneurship of the state civil apparatus, good governance, public service quality and public empowerment. The results of the study stated that there is a significant positive relationship between entrepreneurship and public empowerment. In addition, there is a positive effect of entrepreneurship on good governance and public service quality. also, there is a positive influence of good governance and public service quality on public empowerment. The novelty of this research is the entrepreneurship of the state civil apparatus which is the driving force of public empowerment through good governance and public service quality.

The purpose of the study is to explore the psychological empowerment of the worker as a moderator to explain the link between knowledge sharing and innovative work behaviour within the telecommunication sector of Saudi Arabia. This study is based on a quantitative approach, having collected data through a series of questionnaires developed on previous studies. This study has applied Smart-Partial Least Squares (PLS) for the data analysis. The results revealed that there is a positive and significant relationship between knowledge sharing and innovative work behaviour. The knowledge sharing increases the competencies of the workers, bringing about more creativeness and perfection. Furthermore, this study elaborates that psychological empowerment plays an important role as a moderator in making a strong relationship between knowledge sharing and innovative work behaviour. This study concluded that the innovative work behaviour in any organisation depends on the practice, experience, and capabilities of the workers and, most importantly, the interdepartmental knowledge shared amongst them. The sharing of knowledge psychologically empowers the worker to bring creativity, modernization and excellence in the work that affects the marginal productivity, profitability, and customer satisfaction at a great extent. These factors provide long-run sustainability to business in a highly competitive market environment.

The research examines the impacts of empowering leadership on teamwork performance of the employees in sales departments at commercial banks in Vietnam. Based on the data from the sample survey of 406 employees in sales departments of commercial banks in Vietnam, the paper uses various types of statistical methods and assesses the reliability of scales with Cronbach's Alpha, Confirmatory Factor Analysis as well as Structural Equation Modeling for analysis. The results show that the Empowering Leadership factor has a directly positive impact on Knowledge Sharing and Teamwork Performance, which means when the Empowering Leadership is positive, the Knowledge Sharing and Teamwork Performance will increase. In addition, Empowering Leadership also has an indirect impact on Teamwork Performance through Knowledge Sharing factor, which means when the Empowering Leadership is positive, the Teamwork Performance will increase. Moreover, Knowledge Sharing factor has a directly positive impact on Teamwork Performance, which means when the Knowledge Sharing factor is positive, the Teamwork Performance will increase. The findings suggest that Empowering Leadership has both directly and indirectly positive influence on Teamwork Performance. Moreover, Empowering leadership has a directly positive impact on Knowledge-sharing while Knowledge-sharing has a directly positive impact on Teamwork Performance of sales departments of commercial banks in Vietnam.