The objectives of the study were to examine food waste generation and reduction efforts at home, and to identify factors affecting the intention to reduce food waste. A total of 3,321 food buyer responses were used from the 2022 Consumer Behavior Survey for Food of the Korea Rural Economic Institute. Statistical methods for a complex sample were applied by using a SPSS program (ver. 26.0). The average daily food waste generation per household significantly differed by the main food purchaser’s age and household size. Plate waste and food waste from preparation were the main types of food waste. A multiple regression analysis revealed that intention to reduce food waste was influenced by the main types of food waste, the average daily amount of food waste, the perceived amount of food waste, and the perceived importance of food waste reduction after adjusting for the age of the main food purchaser and household size. Since the amount of food waste was affected by a series of food behaviors as well as consumer’s intention to reduce waste, empirical research on the types and amounts of food waste generated in Korean households and qualitative research on behaviors and attitude affecting food waste are needed.

This study is a descriptive research conducted to identify the levels of self-directed learning ability, class participation, and learning satisfaction in the online learning environment of university students, and to examine the relationships among them and their effects on learning satisfaction. The subjects of this study were 172 students enrolled in a four-year university located in J province. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS 23.0 program, with frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's post-hoc test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. The results of the study showed that the mean score for self-directed learning was 3.73±0.47, for class participation was 3.00±0.54, and for learning satisfaction was 3.44±0.74. The factors influencing learning satisfaction were class participation and major satisfaction. This study suggests that class participation and major satisfaction affect learning satisfaction in an online learning environment. . Therefore, as a method to enhance learning satisfaction in online learning environments, it is necessary to adopt various teaching methods that increase class participation and design learner-centered courses that consider major satisfaction

The global character market is expanding worldwide. Many character brands are being newly launched in a number of countries, reflecting character features that appeal more to the target market. Uzbekistan is one of the countries showing rapid economic growth, and it is in the early stage of accepting diverse character brands and goods. This study aims to explore the determinants of the purchase intention of character goods among Uzbekistan consumers. Specifically, it investigates the effect of character features (i.e., dynamism, familiarity, similarity, and attractiveness) on ‘attitudes toward characters’ and ‘the fit of characters to goods’. Further, it examines the impact of ‘attitudes toward characters’ and ‘the fit of characters to goods’ on the purchase intention of character goods. A total of 250 Uzbek consumers aged 18 and older participated in the online experimental survey with stimuli (i.e., images of characters). The results revealed that the familiarity and attractiveness of characters positively influenced ‘attitudes toward characters’, while their dynamism did not. Moreover, the similarity of characters negatively influenced ‘attitudes toward characters’ and ‘the fit of characters to goods’. In addition, familiarity, attractiveness, and dynamism positively influenced ‘the fit of characters to goods’. Both ‘attitudes toward characters’ and ‘the fit of characters to goods’ positively affected the purchase intention of character goods. In conclusion, to effectively target the Uzbekistan market, character goods should emphasize familiarity and attractiveness, with careful consideration of dynamism and similarity to address cultural and religious differences across countries.

The green supply chain has become a central concern for global businesses, particularly in maritime industries, where sustainable development is pursued as both an economic growth strategy and a means of environmental preservation. This study seeks to identify the key challenges to implementing green supply chain in Vietnam. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is employed to assess the significance of various factors, while Fuzzy Structural Modeling (FSM) is used to explore their interrelationships. Five major factors - economic, technological, organizational, governmental, and social - are identified as critical to the implementation of green supply chain. The study highlights that the organizational factor is the most crucial, with customer pressure, particularly regarding environmental standards from export countries, being the most influential sub-factor. The findings provide important insights for developing government policies, offering support to businesses, and guiding investment decisions in green supply chain.

출산에 관한 의사결정은 미시・거시차원의 여러 요인들이 복합적으로 작 용하여 단순하지 않다. 낮은 합계출산율 제고를 위한 다양한 노력이 오랫동 안 경주되고 있으나 젊은층의 출산패러다임의 변화에 기반을 둔 가치관, 성 평등변수를 반영한 합계출산율 영향요인을 분석한 국내연구가 필요하다. 본 연구는 합계출산율에 영향을 미치는 요인을 가치관, 경제적, 성평등 요인으 로 구분하여 통계분석을 실시하였다. 설명변수에서 자녀가치관, 남성의 육아 참여도, 성별가사분담률 등의 개선과 추가는 선행연구와 차별되는 점이다. 16개 광역시도의 2005-2022년 데이터를 패널화하여 Pool OLS, 고정효과 및 확률효과모형으로 회귀분석을 실시하였는데 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫 째, 자녀가치관은 서구적인 가치관이 아닌 결혼에 기반을 둔 자녀출산이라는 관점이 1% 유의수준에서 합계출산율에 정적 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 선행연구 와 달리 사교육비의 영향이 출산율에 즉각적으로 반영되지 않았으며, 0.1% 유의수준에서 아파트매매가격지수가 높을수록 합계출산율에 정적 영향을 미 쳤다. 셋째, 소득이 보장되지 않는 남성육아휴직은 합계출산율 감소와 연결 되며, 여성고용률과 합계출산율의 관계는 유의미하지 않아 선진국 모형과 다 르다는 것을 확인하였다.

This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the severity of taxi traffic accidents at intersections in Busan and propose measures to improve traffic safety. This study collected data on taxi traffic accidents that occurred at intersections in the Metropolitan City of Busan during the past 3 years (2020–2022) from Traffic Accident Analysis System(TAAS) and road views, and analyzed factors affecting their severity by employing an ordered probit model. The severity of taxi traffic accidents worsened with violations of (among others) traffic signals and pedestrian protection during January, April, and September. In addition, when a major street was operated with a permissive left turn, the severity of taxi traffic accidents worsened. Measures to improve traffic safety suggested in this study included safety education that focused on particular violations for taxi drivers, mandatory education for transport employees in an experiential format, support of video storage devices for driving records, policy establishment for the promotion and certification of good and bad driving videos, time adjustment of joint safety management inspection, and left-turn signal operation with an unprotected system and P-turn guidance.

This study was performed to analyze dietary influences on the regulation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in postmenopausal women using the 2019-2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). A total of 1,724 women were classified into cardiovascular risk groups based on risk factors and differentiated into high LDLC and normal groups according to the target serum LDL-C levels. The risk group distribution was as follows: Very high-risk group (6%), high-risk group (49.4%), moderate-risk group (42.3%), and low-risk group (2.3%). The high LDL-C group demonstrated abdominal obesity and prediabetes, with their carbohydrate energy intake exceeding the Korean dietary guideline recommendations of 65%. Increased fat (OR 2.67, 95% CI; 1.19-6.02) and cholesterol (OR 2.43, 95% CI; 1.02- 5.77) intake correlated with higher LDL-C risk. The high LDL-C group showed elevated saturated fat and reduced polyunsaturated fat consumption (p for trend <0.001). Thus, to regulate the LDL cholesterol levels in postmenopausal women, they maintain an appropriate weight in addition to managing abdominal obesity and continuously monitoring blood sugar levels. Furthermore, it is important to limit the intake of high saturated fat meats and consume sufficient protein from sources such as beans, fish, and eggs, which contain healthy unsaturated fats.

PURPOSES : This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the severity of traffic crashes caused by personal mobility (PM) devices compared with those involving victims. METHODS : Traffic crashes involving PM devices were used to build a non-parametric statistical model using a classification tree. Based on the results, the factors influencing both at-fault and victim-related crashes caused by PM devices were analyzed. The factors affecting accident severity were also compared. RESULTS : Common factors affecting the severity of traffic crashes involving both perpetrators and victims using PM devices include occurrences at intersections, crosswalks at intersections, single roads, and inside tunnels. Traffic law violations by PM device users (perpetrators) influence the severity of crashes. Meanwhile, factors such as the behavior of perpetrators using other modes of transportation, rear-end collisions, road geometry, and weather conditions affect the severity of crashes where PM device users are the victims. CONCLUSIONS : To reduce the severity of traffic crashes involving PM devices, it is essential to extend the length of physically separated shared paths for cyclists and pedestrians, actively enforce laws to prevent violations by PM device users, and provide systematic and regular educational programs to ensure safe driving practices among PM device users.

본 연구는 대나무 숲에서 당해년도 발생한 신죽의 양과 재적생장에 관계하는 환경인자를 찾기 위하여 수행되었다. 분석에 사용한 표준지는 120개소였으며, 신죽 발생량과 재적생장에 관여하는 환경인자로는 기존 입목죽의 밀도, H/D형상비, 수관밀도, 해발고, 토양형, 국소지형 등 이었다. 그리고 반응변수는 신죽 발생량과 재적생장을 두고, 설명변수는 이들에 영향하는 환경인자를 두어서, 반응변수와 설명변수 간 관계를 수량화 I 방법으로 분석하였다. 신죽의 발생량에 관여하는 인자는 기존 입목죽 밀도, H/D형상비, 해발고, 토양형, 국소지형인 것으로 나타났으며, 이들의 관계는 다중회귀식 형태의 모델로 도출되었다. 이 추정모델의 설명력은 50.4%였으며, 모델의 통계적 유의성은 5% 유의수준에서 인정이 되었다. 그리고 5개 설명변수 중 내부상관을 배제한 편상관계수를 도출한 결과, 계수는 국소지형, 입목죽의 입목밀도, H/D형상비 순으로 나타났다. 수량화분석 에 의한 신죽 재적생장에 관여하는 인자로는 입목죽의 밀도, H/D형상비, 수관밀도, 해발고로 나타났다. 4개 변수를 이용한 신죽 재적 추정모델은 64.3%을 설명력을 가지며, 통계적 유의수준 5%에서 유의성이 인정되었다. 그리고 편상관계수는 H/D형상비, 해발고, 입목죽의 밀도의 순으로 나타났다.

PURPOSES : This study aims to evaluate the vertical displacement caused by differential drying shrinkage in concrete pavements within tunnels under various independent variables using structural analysis. METHODS : The behavior of differential drying shrinkage was assessed based on literature reviews of slab thickness and atmospheric humidity. The equivalent linear temperature difference (ELTD) values were analyzed using regression analysis. A three-dimensional solid element model of a two-lane highway tunnel section with six slabs was created using the ABAQUS finite element program by referring to standard drawings. Dowels and tie bars were placed in accordance with the highway standards of the Korean Highway Corporation. RESULTS : The results of a finite element analysis revealed no significant difference in vertical displacement owing to the type of slab base. However, thicker slabs exhibited a smaller vertical displacement. Additional dowels installed at the shoulder of the driving lane did not significantly inhibit vertical displacement. A narrower joint spacing resulted in a smaller vertical displacement. A comparison with field data from Tunnel A showed that the amount of differential drying shrinkage varied with the relative humidity of the atmosphere during different seasons. CONCLUSIONS : Increasing the slab thickness and reducing the joint spacing can improve driving performance by mitigating differential drying shrinkage during dry winter conditions. Future research will involve the creation of indoor test specimens to further analyze the behavior of differential drying shrinkage under varying conditions of relative humidity, slab base moisture, and wind presence.

This study emphasizes R&D as a management strategy for small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) to achieve competitive advantage and aims to analyze the impact of innovation resistance, prior knowledge, and technological capability on the intention to adopt R&D. The research targeted 403 decision-makers from SMEs that have not adopted R&D. The analysis revealed the following key findings: As a result, both technical capabilities and prior knowledge had a negative effect on innovation resistance. In addition, technological capabilities and prior knowledge had a positive effect on adoption intention, and innovation resistance had a negative effect on acceptance intention. The indirect effects of technical capabilities and prior knowledge both had a positive impact. In addition, we tested whether dependency on partners and trading organizations that accepted R&D had a moderating effect, but it was not significant. The academic implications of this study provide a detailed analysis of how prior knowledge and technological capability affect innovation resistance in SMEs and verify the intention to adopt R&D. The practical implications suggest a direction for small and medium-sized enterprises to reduce innovation resistance in accepting R&D, and companies need to recognize the suitability of R&D and recognize the importance of technological capabilities and prior knowledge in order to reduce innovation resistance.

이 연구에서는 경기교육종단연구 초등학교 4학년 패널의 7차년도, 9차년도 데이터를 사용하여 일반계 고등학생의 진로성숙도 잠재집단을 유형화하고, 각 잠재집단 간 전이 양상을 확인하며, 전이 양상에 영향 을 미치는 요인을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 목적에 따라 잠재프로파일분석(Latent Profile Analysis: LPA) 을 실시하여 고등학교 1학년(7차년도), 3학년(9차년도) 시기 진로성숙도 잠재집단을 유형화하고, 잠재전 이분석(Latent Transition Analysis: LTA)을 통해 전이 패턴을 분석하였다. 추가로 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하여 전이패턴에 영향을 미치는 변인들을 분석하였다. 분석 결과 일반계 고등학생의 고1 시점(7차)에 서 3개의 잠재 집단(높은 진로성숙, 중간 진로성숙, 낮은 진로성숙)으로, 고3 시점(9차)에서 3개의 잠재 집단(높은 진로성숙, 중간 진로성숙, 낮은 진로성숙)으로 분류되었다. 두 시점의 잠재집단 간 전이확률 분 석 결과, 모든 잠재집단에서 절반가량의 학생들이 다른 잠재집단으로 전이하여 다양한 영향요인에 따른 진로성숙도 변화 가능성을 확인하였다. 집단 간 전이패턴은 전체 표본을 기준으로 􍾧중간 진로성숙􍾨 집단에 서 􍾧중간 진로성숙􍾨을 유지하는 경우가 31.1%로 가장 많았고, 다음으로 􍾧낮은 진로성숙􍾨 집단에서 􍾧낮은 진 로성숙􍾨을 유지하는 경우가 14.0% 순이었다. 전이 패턴을 􍾧상향􍾨, 􍾧유지􍾨, 􍾧하향􍾨으로 분석했을 때 유지 패턴 (57.5%)이 가장 많았았고 상향(22.5%) 패턴, 하향 패턴(20.0%) 순이었다. 학생의 개인적 특성, 진로활 동 도움 정도는 진로성숙도 잠재 집단 간 상향 및 하향 패턴에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연 구 결과를 토대로 일반계고 진로교육을 위한 결론 및 시사점을 제시하였다.

목적: 본 연구는 국내 초고령자를 대상으로 삶의 만족도 및 우울과 라이프스타일신( 체활동, 식습관, 참여빈도, 참여다양성) 간의 상관관계를 확인하고, 삶의 만족도와 우울에 영향을 미치는 라이프스타일 요인을 분석 및 확인하고자 하였다. 연구방법: 본 연구의 독립변수는 라이프스타일 요인으로 신체활동, 규칙적 식습관, 참여빈도, 참여다양성이었으 며, 종속변인은 삶의 만족도와 우울이었다. 분석을 위해 SPSS를 이용해 상관관계분석 및 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 결과: 다중회귀분석을 통해 삶의 만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 참여빈도(t = 6.262, p < 0.001)와 규칙적 식습관(t = 4.627, p < 0.001)이 통계적 유의성을 가지는 것으로 확인되었으며, 우울에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 참여빈도(t = 6.540, p < 0.001)와 규칙적 식습관(t = 4.061, p < 0.001)이 통계적 유의성을 가지는 것으로 확인되었다. 결론: 본 연구를 통하여 국내 초고령자의 삶의 만족도와 우울에 영향을 주는 라이프스타일 요인을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구 결과를 토대로 초고령자의 삶의 만족도와 우울 개선을 위해서는 라이프스타일을 기반으로 하는 다면적 중재 프로그램이 필요하다.

본 연구는 코로나19 팬데믹 상황에서 장애인의 우울 진입에 영향을 미 치는 요인에 대하여 시기별 차이를 살펴보고 향후 감염병 확산 시 장애 인의 우울진입(정상상태에서 우울진단으로 이동)을 예방하기 위한 방안을 제시해 보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 한국복지패널조사 15~17차 자료를 결 합하여 생존분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 1년 후까지(2020년 기준 2021 년까지)는 여자가 남자보다, 대구·경북, 대전·충남, 강원·충북에 살고 있 는 경우가 서울에 거주하고 있는 경우보다, 사회적지지를 적게 받을수록, 사회적친분관계만족도가 낮을수록 우울진입 가능성이 높았다. 한편 2년 후까지(2020년 기준 2022년까지)는 여자가 남자보다, 강원·충북에 살고 있는 경우가 서울에 거주하고 있는 경우보다, 자아존중감이 낮을수록, 사 회적친분관계만족도가 낮을수록, 미취업자가 취업자보다 우울진입 가능 성이 높았다. 이를 바탕으로 감염병 확산 시 장애인의 우울진입을 예방 하기 위해서는 기간에 따라 차별적인 대안을 마련하고 적용할 필요성 등 이 있음을 제언하였다.

본 연구에서는 토지매수 청구 제도에 의한 국립공원 내 사유지 매수 현황을 분석하여, 토지매수 청구 제도의 유용성과 한계, 정책 시사점을 도출하였다. 토지매수 청구 제도가 도입된 2006년부터 2021년까지 국가가 매수한 사유지 데이터를 활용하여, 토지 소유자의 매수 청구 결정에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 로지스틱 회귀분석을 통해 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 사유지의 지목이 임야이고, 사유지 면적 중 공원자연보존지구 면적이 높으며, 공원 경계까지 거리가 멀고, 단위면적당 공시지가가 낮은 사유지가 매수 청구에 의해 매수될 확률이 높았다. 이 결과는 토지 소유자 관점에서 보면 재산권 행사가 어려운 사유지일수록 매수 청구될 확률이 높다는 뜻이고, 공원 관리자의 관점에서 보면 보전 가치가 높은 사유지가 매수 청구될 확률이 높다는 의미이다. 즉, 토지매수 청구 제도를 활용하여 사유지 매수를 진행해도 보전 가치가 높은 토지를 매수할 수 있어, 높은 자연환경 보전 효과를 기대할 수 있다. 로지스틱 회귀모형은 또한 북한산국립 공원 내 사유지 중 401㎡의 사유지가 향후 매수 청구될 확률이 높을 것으로 예측하였다. 토지매수 청구 제도는 국립공원 내 토지 소유자의 민원 해소에 효과적인 제도임에도 현재 활용도가 매우 낮은데, 본 연구에서는 실증 분석 결과를 바탕으로 제도의 활용도를 높일 수 있는 정책 방안을 제시하였다.

PURPOSES : This study is to analyze factors affecting improper parking behaviors in a perspective of personal mobility users. Detailed purposes are as follows. Firstly, exogenous and endogenous latent variables were set. Secondly, structural equation model were constructed. Hypothesis for the structural equation model were established. Then model’s goodness of fit was analyzed and following the result model was modified. Lastly, factors affecting improper personal mobility parking behavior was found out. METHODS : Based on the literature review, exogenous and endogenous latent variables were set. Correlation between latent variables and their observed variables was defined to build structural equation model. According to the model hypothesis was established. In order to collect data, survey was conducted on personal mobility users. Model’s goodness fit was verified and the model was modified. Lastly in order to find out the factors affecting improper personal mobility parking behavior path analysis was conducted. RESULTS : Based on literature review, based on 6 of latent variables the structural equation model was made. Survey was conducted on 341 participants who has used personal mobility at least once based on Likert 5-point scale. Out of 341 responses 22 responses considered as careless responses were removed. As a result of analysis of structural equation model, it turned out that ‘ease of transfer’ had a positive effect on improper parking of personal mobility meanwhile ‘convenience’ and ‘road condition’ had a negative effect. CONCLUSIONS : It was concluded that the proximity and accessibility to the transfer facility could be important when installing personal mobility parking lot as improper parking behavior of personal mobility users could be affected by ease of transfer to other traffic mode. Also, interval of parking lots, location and its road condition should be considered in order to make it convenient for users to find parking lot and to encourage them to use it more often.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to statistically analyze the meteorological factors that contribute to the formation of road surface icing based on actual cases of icing accidents and provide directions for improving icing evaluation criteria. METHODS : In this study, we collected cases of domestic road icing accidents by searching news articles with the keyword ‘icing collision accidents’. Subsequently, we determined the latitude, longitude, and altitude of accident locations using satellite map service. We applied the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method and temperature lapse rate to estimate meteorological data at each location. Finally, statistical analysis was conducted for temperature, humidity, and precipitation occurrence using probability density functions. RESULTS : As a result, road icing accident data points with identifiable location coordinates were collected. Among these, temperature, humidity, and precipitation occurrence from Automated Weather Stations (AWS) data were selected for analysis. During the process of correcting meteorological factors using the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method, the optimal Weighting Exponent (p) that minimizes the error was determined and applied. The results showed that accidents occurring in the morning indicated the highest accident occurrence rate. The average temperature at the time of the accidents was -1.4°C, with a humidity level of 85.1%. Precipitation was observed at the time of the accident in 19 cases. CONCLUSIONS : Icing on pavement can occur not only under extreme weather conditions but also under typical meteorological conditions. Typically, icing can occur when the relative humidity is above 70%. Accordingly, for future improvements in the evaluation criteria for icing-prone areas by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, it is possible to incorporate the temperature and humidity ranges that generally lead to icing, taking into account climate characteristics.

이 논문은 브라스에서 리듬 그루브의 영향을 끼치는 요소들을 분석하여 연주자와 프로듀서들이 좀 더 다양하고 그루브한 연주를 하는 것에 도움이 되는 것을 목적으로 연구되었다. 연구 방법은 그루브에 영향을 끼칠 수 있는 요소 중에서 브라스에 적용 가능한 음정의 변화, 음길이의 변화, 음역대의 변화, 악센트의 변화, 전체 볼륨의 변화, BPM(빠르기)의 변화, 톤의 변화 총 7개 요소를 각각 변화가 없는 기준 샘플과 변화된 음원 샘플로 만들어 실험군에게 듣게 한 후 리듬 그루브의 변화를 가장 크게 느낀 요소를 선택하는 방식으로 제작 되었다. 연구 결과 리듬 그루브의 변화에 가장 많이 영향을 끼치는 요소 중 유의미한 상위 3개의 결과는 음길이의 변화 (54.5%), 악센트의 변화 (22.8%), BPM의 변화 (13.9%)로 도출됐으며 그 중 음길이의 변화 (54.5%)가 압도적으로 높게 나타났다. 흥미로운 것은 악센트와 빠르기(bpm)의 변화에서 보컬 전공은 각각 15%, 10%로 기악, 작곡전공의 8%, 4%에 비해 리듬 그루브의 변화를 더 느낀 것으로 결과가 도출되었다.