Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) is a scientific and systematic food hygiene management method that identifies and controls hazards to ensure food safety. South Korea has made the application of HACCP mandatory across all slaughterhouses to supply safe animal products and has further established and utilized a general HACCP model and standardized plan for mammal slaughterhouses. To investigate the current status of the preparation and application of HACCP plans in slaughterhouses in South Korea, surveys were conducted with HACCP teams at 30 slaughterhouses. The challenges faced were the preparation and application of HACCP plans, such as during preparation of justification documents for hazard analysis, re-evaluations, and changes in process or when adjusting and reinforcing corrective actions for repetitive deviations. Additional needs were found for the smooth application of HACCP, including the provision of standardized manuals for HACCP applications, an easily accessible platform for exchanging scientific information, provision of standardized templates, and unification of templates. Overall, challenges were particularly experienced during hazard analysis and verification processes in the preparation and application of HACCP plans. This study provides information on the current status of HACCP applications in domestic slaughterhouses and baseline data for effective HACCP application in slaughterhouses.

The purpose of this study is to analyze consumer preference for fish farm HACCP certification using conjoint analysis. This study used raw flatfish product to evaluate the fish farm HACCP. In this study, 500 consumers were surveyed using panel survey and stratified sampling. In the recognition analysis, the farm HACCP certification system was found to be highly recognized by consumers. It can be seen that the brand assets accumulated by existing food and agricultural HACCP certification were transfered to the fish farm HACCP and absorbed. Consumers perceived fish farm HACCP certification as similar one with existing food and agricultural HACCP. Conjoint analysis evaluated three levels factors. The attributes and levels evaluated were : price(25,800 won, 28,400 won, 31,000 won), certification(fish farm HACCP, seafood traceability, and non certified), and origin(domestic, JEJU, and WANDO). The important levels were in order of price(40.8%), certification(30.2%) and origin(29.0%). We found that consumers give higher utility to fish farm HACCP certification compared with non certified and seafood traceability certification. Market simulation results showed that the fish farm HACCP product has 12%p higher market share than non certified products. Seafood traceability certification showed 4.6%p higher market share than non certified products.

This study was conducted to derive the level of importance of HACCP evaluation items in meat packing plants. Based on the results, we proposed a method to increase the objectivity of HACCP criteria for meat packaging plants by giving different evaluation scores to each evaluation item. To assign a differential score for each HACCP evaluation item, the severity of the hazard and the rate of non-compliance in the past 3 years (3,905 of the prerequisite section, 2,057 of the HACCP management section) were analyzed. The results were as follows. The importance and score differentiation of each HACCP evaluation item was derived. The total scores of the prerequisite section and HACCP management section were set at 200 and 100, respectively. However, to maintain objectivity of the HACCP evaluation items, further study is needed to develop detailed criteria for each HACCP evaluation item and score.

The purpose of the study was to simplify standard HACCP manual for improving the on-site applicability and increasing the implementation rate of HACCP program for small- and medium-sized dairy farms (SMDF). A survey was carried out in 32 SMDFs using a structured questionnaire. The results indicated that the number of workers had a positive correlation with HACCP certifications (p < 0.05). Most of HACCP non-certified farms (66.7%) were run by two workers with 40-60 cows and milking yields of 1,000-1,500 L per day. Major drawbacks for dairy farmers to implement current HACCP system were the difficulties in daily recording and facility management (40%). On the basis of the survey results, it was suggested that the development of on-site standard HACCP manual and user-friendly record chart with O/X checklist were the most urgent factors to increase HACCP implementation rate. In addition, the alternative third party service for microbial and chemical tests could also be accompanied for small-sized dairy farms.

This study was conducted to analyze the reasons for and advantages and disadvantages of implementing the HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) system on animal farms in Korea. The study was carried out by randomly selecting 45 swine and 24 dairy farms where HACCP has been implemented. The results were as follows: 24% of the swine farmers responded that extension of their business was the major reason for implementing HACCP; the second (21%) was financial support from local or national government. Dairy farmers had similar responses. The top advantage of adopting HACCP was improvement of the welfare of employees in both swine (21%) and dairy (22%) farms. The first-ranked disadvantages of HACCP implementation were HACCP education (23%, swine farm) and high turnover of employees (24%, dairy farm). On farms, HACCP may increase the sanitation and safety levels of domestic livestock products. However, the Korean government should address the disadvantages of HACCP to encourage its adoption at the animal production stage.

Supplying clean and safe water to people is facing both quantitative and qualitative challenges. Due to climate change, access to freshwater becomes increasingly difficult, while pollution from various sources decreases the public trust in water quality. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) which stores and uses surface water in aquifer is receiving attention as a new technology to secure freshwater. Recently, there is a global expansion in the attempt to combine general purification plants and hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) which manages all the process from raw material to consumer for food safety. This research is about an attempt to apply HACCP to the drinking water supply process using MAR to secure both quantity and quality of drinking water. The study site is a MAR plant being constructed in the downstream area of the Nakdong River Basin, South Korea. The incorporation of HACCP with MAR-based water supply system is expected to enhance the safety and reliability of drinking water.

A simplified prerequisite program is a basic element for an effective HACCP system operating in small meat packaging plants. We analyzed current configuration of the prerequisite evaluation checklists and classified according to two categories of general hygiene management and prerequisite requirements. The general hygiene management items overlapping with non-HACCP plant evaluation items were excluded except for the high rate of non-compliances. Non-compliance rates were calculated to determine the weak points of the current prerequisite program operation, and the potential risk elements were included in the simplified prerequisite requirements. The data used for the analysis of non-compliance rates were from the HACCP accreditation evaluation inspection reports by the Korea Livestock Products HACCP Accreditation Service. Of the existing 54 evaluation items, we selected 37 core items as simplified prerequisite requirements for meat packaging plants. In addition, we recommended simple modification of the evaluation items, with one item for evaluation of one check point.

This study was conducted to propose the use of a non-compliance rate for evaluation of the HACCP operational condition. We calculated the sectoral non-compliance rate from the HACCP prerequisite evaluation reports. This rate indicates vulnerability of the operational prerequisite conditions that must be improved to increase HACCP reliability for safe foods. The common weak point in the livestock products industry was storage and transportation management, and operating condition in butcher shops were worse than those for the other livestock businesses. In order to obtain better information on findings, evaluation items should be improved simply with one item for evaluation of one check point.

A research was conducted on Seoul regional elementary, middle, and high school nutritionists to study about their perception of HACCP control standards & performance conditions and sanitation & safety inspection, to seek for more efficient methods of school meals' sanitation system settlement. All surveys were distributed and collected via email. A total of 305 survey papers were collected, and out of these, 300 school results were analyzed. As for CCP 1 performance conditions, 43.3% of the nutritionist put emphasis on temperature control for cooking duration and 71.0% said that they manage both temperature and PHF food control. In CCP 2 stage, 65.8% of the nutritionists maintained the food's temperature, and 56.7% documented the recordings after cooking. A total of 79.3% of the schools scored above 90 points on school meal sanitation & safety inspection, 3.72 points on necessity for revisions, 3.38 points on objectivity, and 3.34 points on reliability. As for these results, a clear CCP control criteria as well as training must be set. Also, because the necessity of revision for sanitation & safety inspection is higher than reliability and objectivity, appropriate complementary measures must be taken.

This study has been performed for about 270 days at analyzing biologically hazardous factors in order to develop HACCP system for the non heat-frozen carrot juice. A process chart was prepared by manufacturing process of raw agricultural products of non heat-frozen carrot juice, which was contained water and packing material, storage, washing, cutting, extraction of the juice, internal packing, metal detection, external packing, storage and consignment (delivery). As a result of measuring Coliform group, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Bacillus cereus, Listeria Monocytogenes, Enterohemorrhagic E. coli before and after washing raw carrot, Standard plate count was 4.7 × 104 CFU/g before washing but it was 1.2 × 102 CFU/g detected after washing. As a result of testing airborne bacteria (Standard plate count, Coliform group, Yeast and Fungal) depending on each workplace, number of microorganism of in packaging room, shower room and juice extraction room was detected to be 10 CFU/Plate, 60 CFU/Plate, 20 CFU/Plate, respectively. As a result of testing palm condition of workers, as number of Standard plate count, Coliform group and Staphylococcus aureus was represented to be high as 6 × 104 CFU/cm2, 0 CFU/cm2 and 0 CFU/cm2, respectively, an education and training for individual sanitation control was considered to be required. As a result of inspecting surface pollution level of manufacturing facility and devices, Coliform group was not detected in all the specimen but Standard plate count was most dominantly detected in scouring kier, scouring kier tray, cooling tank, grinding extractor, storage tank and packaging machine-nozzle as 8.00×10 CFU/cm2, 3.0 × 10 CFU/cm2, 4.3 × 102 CFU/cm2, 7.5 × 102 CFU/cm2, 6.0 × 10 CFU/cm2, 8.5 × 102 CFU/cm2, respectively. As a result of analyzing above hazardous factors, processing process of ultraviolet ray sterilizing where pathogenic bacteria may be prevented, reduced or removed is required to be controlled by CCP-B (Biological) and critical level (critical control point) was set at flow speed is 4L/min. Therefore, it is considered that thorough HACCP control plan including control criteria (point) of seasoning fluid processing process, countermeasures in case of its deviation, its verification method, education/training and record control would be required.

The subject study was targeted towards nutrition teacher (dietitian) of elementary, middle, and high schools in Seoul areal. In addition, this study was to investigate the current status of school foodservice securement facilities & equipments and to analyze the obstructive factors for executing the HACCP system. The aim of this study was to provide base-line data so that a more efficient & effective sanitary management system for school foodservise can be settled in. All surveys were distributed and collected via email. A total of 305 survey papers were collected and out of these, 300 school results were analyzed and the results are as follows. The order of the securement facilities & equipment furnished were pre-handing equipments>washing>cooking>inspection>facilities>storage>space area>distribution equipments. The awareness of obstructive factors in executing the HACCP system was a total of 3.17 points and the order was as follows. The general obstructive factors>obstructive factors in the cooking staff executing the HACCP system>collaboration between the school/team leaders and the budget supporting department>obstructive factors in the nutrition teacher (dietitian) executing the HACCP system. School foodservice securement facilities & equipments in Seoul area must be renovated and modernized so as to improve its current situation. Furthermore, leadership programs are necessary to enhance nutritionists' understanding of the HACCP system and the cooking staff's competencies in instructing and supervising.

오늘날 기업들은 환경의 동태성이 증가되면서 기업이 지속적인 경쟁우위를 유지하기 위해서는 환경특성의 변화에 적절하게 대응할 수 있는 경영혁신이 수반되어야 한다. 특히, 급변하는 시장 환경의 변화로 인하여 경영성과를 창출하기 위해서는 경영환경, 경쟁전략, 조직문화에 의한 인과관계를 분석할 필요성이 대두되었다. 식품산업도 예외는 아니어서 급변하는 경영환경에 능동적으로 대응하기 위해 노력하고 있다. 특히, 식품업계에서는 식품의 안전과 위생에 대한 관심은 생활수

본 연구는 식초절임 무의 HACCP (Hazard AnalysisCritical Control Point)시스템 구축을 위하여 생물학적 위해요소분석을 위한 목적으로 2012년 2월 1일~6월 31일까지 약 150일 동안 수행하였다. 일반적인 식초절임 무 제조업체의 제조공정을 참고로 하여 공정도를 작성하였으며,식초절임 무의 원료 농산물(무), 용수, 첨가물과 포장재료에 입고, 보관, 정선, 세척, 표피제거, 절단, 선별, 충진, 내포장, 금속검출, 외포장, 보관 및 출하공정에 대하여 작성하였다. 원료 무의 세척 전, 세척 후의 Coliform group,Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Bacillus cereus,Listeria Monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7, Clostridium perfringens,Yeast 와 Mold를 측정한 결과 Bacillus cereus 는세척 전 5.00 × 10 CFU/g 이었으나, 세척 후 검출되지 않았으며, Yeast 와 Mold 는 세척 전 3.80 × 102CFU/g, 세척 후10 CFU/g 로 감소되었으며 나머지 병원성균은 검출되지 않았다. 조미액의 pH(2~5)별 미생물의 변화를 시험한 결과모든 균이 검출되지 않은 pH 3~4를 조미액의 pH로 결정하였다. 작업장별 공중낙하균 (일반세균수, 대장균, 진균수)시험결과 내포장실, 조미액가공실, 세척실, 보관실의 미생물수는 10 CFU/Plate, 2 CFU/Plate, 60 CFU/Plate 그리고20 CFU/Plate 가 검출되었다. 종사자 손바닥 시험결과 일반세균수 346 CFU/Cm2, 대장균군 23 CFU/Cm2 로 높게 나타나 개인위생관리에 대한 교육 및 훈련이 요구 되었다. 제조설비 및 기구의 표면오염도를 검사한 결과 모든 시료에서 대장균군은 검출되지 않았고, 일반세균은 PP Packingmachin과 Siuping machine (PE Bulk)에서 가장 많은 4.2 ×103CFU/Cm2, 2.6 × 103CFU/Cm2 검출되었다. 위의 위해분석 결과 병원성미생물을 예방, 감소 또는 제거할 수 있는조미액 가공 공정이 CCP-B (Biological)로 관리되어야 하고, 한계기준은 pH 3~4로 결정하였다. 따라서 전통한과생산에의 HACCP 모델 적용을 위한 미생물학적 위해도 평가20)에서와 같이 조미액 가공 공정의 관리기준 및 이탈시조치방법, 검증방법, 교육·훈련과 기록관리 등 철저한HACCP 관리계획이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.