This study investigated associations between healthy dietary practices and the odds of prediabetes among Korean adolescents. The data of 1,624 adolescents aged 12 to 18 who participated in the 2017-2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Healthy dietary practices were defined according to Health Plan 2030 criteria, and prediabetes was defined as a fasting blood glucose level of 100-125 mg/dL. After controlling for confounders, adjusting odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for prediabetes were determined for different healthy dietary practices using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Compared with adolescents who engaged in healthy dietary practices, those who did not had a 1.63-fold (95% CI: 1.12-2.37) higher odds of prediabetes. In addition, adolescents who did not consume ≥500 g of fruit and vegetables daily and those who refrained from reading nutritional fact labels, which are both subindicators of healthy dietary practices, had a 1.66 (95% CI: 1.05-2.62) and 1.58-fold (95% CI: 1.06-2.37) higher odds of prediabetes, respectively, than those who did. Increasing the proportion of adolescents engaging in healthy dietary practices, such as consuming ≥500 g of fruit and vegetables daily and reading nutritional fact labels when selecting food, is imperative.

Abstract Purpose : The aim of this study was to identify knowledge and lifestyle habits for glaucoma prevention and to present basic data for future glaucoma prevention education. Methods : From April to September 2023, 447 people in their 20s to 60s were selected and an online survey was conducted. The questionnaire consisted of a total of 30 questions, including 6 questions about the subject's general characteristics, 14 questions about knowledge and awareness of glaucoma, and 10 questions about lifestyle habits related to intraocular pressure. Results : 89.7% responded that they had heard of glaucoma, and 31.1% of respondents knew the difference between glaucoma and cataracts. 34.5% responded that early detection is difficult, 33.3% that complete treatment is difficult, 23.5% that even normal intraocular pressure can cause glaucoma, and 36.0% that the incidence of glaucoma is increasing day by day. The level of awareness and knowledge was higher with age, in women than men, in those with a family history, in professional occupations, with metabolic diseases, and with high myopia. Lifestyle habits related to intraocular pressure were higher with age, among women, when smartphone use was less than 3 hours, and among housewives and professionals. The relationship between glaucoma knowledge and awareness and intraocular pressure-related lifestyle habits was statistically significant (r=0.248, p<0.001). Conclusion : Although the level of basic knowledge about glaucoma was high, the level of specific knowledge was low compared to the increase in the incidence of glaucoma over the past 10 years. Key words : Glaucoma, Healthy Life Practices, Intraocular pressure

With the advancement and diversification of the bread industry, eco-friendly products with less sugar and salt, and containing functional ingredients are being developed. To develop healthy bread, Korean pine leaf powder was added in different proportions (0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%), and the quality characteristics of the bread, namely height, moisture, color value, texture, antioxidant property, and sensory characteristics were evaluated. As the amount of leaf powder was increased in the bread, L-value in the range of 53.45~85.05 (p<0.001) and adhesiveness in the range of 0.13~0.32 mJ (p<0.001) decreased significantly, whereas b-value in the range of 16.75~30.74 (p<0.001), total polyphenol content in the range of 466.83~669.13 ug/mL, ABTS- in the range of 0.46~43.23%, DPPH-radical in the range of 1.39~45.76%, scavenging capacities (p<0.001), color in the range of 3.27~5.40 (p=0.017) and texture in the range of 4.33~4.80 (p=0.006) preferences increased significantly. This study could increase the utilization of Korean pine leaf and the production of healthy food with antioxidant properties.

This study aimed to determine the association between household types and healthy dietary practices among Korean adults. A cross-sectional analysis was performed using nationwide data on 23,488 participants from the 2017-2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Based on self-reported data, the participant household types were classified into single- and multi-person households. The adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for healthy dietary practices according to household types were calculated by applying multivariable logistic regression analysis after adjusting for confounders. Of total, 11.21% and 88.79% were single- and multi-person households, respectively. Compared with individuals living in multi-person households, those in single-person households had lower odds of adhering to healthy dietary practices (AOR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.79-0.98) and consuming adequate saturated fatty acids (<7% of energy) (AOR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.69-0.88). In addition, men and individuals aged 65 years living in single-person households exhibited lower odds of consuming adequate saturated fatty acids and 500 g of fruit and vegetables per day than those in multi-person households. Single-person households often find it a challenge to practice a healthy diet. Hence, nutritional policies and educational support that help individuals living alone consume healthier diets are warranted.

Background: Proprioception in the ankle joint is important for maintaining balance. There is a correlation between joint position sense (JPS), balance and ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (DF-ROM). Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of talocrural joint mobilization (TJM) and muscle energy technique (MET) of plantar flexor muscle (PF) on improving joint position sense (JPS) and static balance. Design: Cross-over randomized trial research. Methods: Sixteen participants (male 10, female 6; 20’s of their age) without ankle instability were recruited. In a randomized, three conditions, no intervention, talocalcaneal mobilization, and PF-MET were all applied to 16 participants. For TJM, the Kaltenborn grade 3 joint gliding method, in which the talus moves posteriorly perpendicular to the tacrocrural joint plane, were used. In the PF-MET, MET method were applied gastrocnemius muscle and soleus muscle with 25% of 1 Repeat Maximum of each muscle. The all participants performed PF-MET and TJM for 18 minutes. DF-ROM measured the weightbearing lunge test. JPS measured using the active joint angle reproduction test. Static balance was measured displacement of center of pressure parameter. Results: PF-MET and TJM had significant differences in DF-ROM and AP displacements. PF-MET significantly increased at 5° and 15° of plantar flexion and 5° of dorsiflexion, and COP velocity significantly decreased in JPS compared to TJM. Conclusion: PF-MET and TJM are effective in increasing DF-ROM. However, PF-MET has a more positive effect on improving JPS and static balance than on talocrural joint mobilization.

This study examined the determinants of healthy food purchases before and after COVID-19 in Korea. Binomial and multinomial logistic regression models were applied to Korea Rural Economic Institute's Food Consumer Behavior Survey data from 2019 to 2021. The analysis revealed a significant decrease in the non-intake of healthy food in 2021 compared to 2019, suggesting the impact of COVID-19 on healthy food consumption. Consumption patterns also changed, with a decrease in direct purchases and an increase in gift-based purchases. Several variables showed significant effects on healthy food intake. Single-person households exhibited a higher probability of eating healthy food after COVID-19. The group perceiving themselves as healthy had a lower likelihood of consuming healthy food pre-COVID-19, but this changed after the pandemic. Online food purchases, eco-friendly food purchases, and nut consumption showed a gradual decrease in the probability of non-intake over time. Gender and age also influenced healthy food intake. The probability of eating healthy food increased in the older age group compared to the younger group, and the probability increased significantly after COVID-19. The probability of buying gifts was significantly higher in those in their 60s, indicating that the path to obtaining healthy food differed by age.

We performed a study to examine the association between diet quality and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Our study included 3,586 women aged 40-64 years who participated in the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The study subjects were classified into the NAFLD group (n=816) and the normal group (n=2,770) using the hepatic steatosis index. The anthropometric indices, blood profiles, and dietary intake data of the subjects were obtained. The waist circumference, body mass index, and the serum levels of triglycerides, fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were higher in the NAFLD compared to the normal groups (p<0.001, respectively). The intakes of protein (g/kg body weight, p<0.001), potassium (p<0.001), and vitamin A (p=0.006) were significantly lower in the NAFLD group. It was observed that the higher the total Korean Healthy Eating Index score, the lower the risk of NAFLD. A reverse relationship was shown between the NAFLD risk and the intakes of total fruits, total vegetables, vegetables excluding Kimchi and pickled vegetables, meat, fish, eggs and beans. Therefore, it is recommended that middleaged women in Korea increase their intakes of fruits, vegetables, and foods high in protein for the proper management of NAFLD.

Background: The gluteus maximus (GM) muscle comprise the lumbo-pelvic complex and is an important stabilizing muscle during leg extension. In patients with low back pain (LBP) with weakness of the GM, spine leads to compensatory muscle activities such as instantaneous increase of the erector spinae (ES) muscle activity. Four-point kneeling arm and leg lift (FKALL) is most common types of lumbopelvic and GM muscles strengthening exercise. We assumed that altered hip position during FKALL may increase thoraco-lumbar stabilizer like GM activity more effectively method. Objects: The purpose of this study was investigated that effects of the three exercise postures on the right-sided GM, internal oblique (IO), external oblique (EO), and multifidus (MF) muscle activities and pelvic kinematic during FKALL. Methods: Twenty eight healthy individuals participated in this study. The exercises were performed three conditions of FKALL (pure FKALL, FKALL with 120° hip flexion of the supporting leg, FKALL with 30° hip abduction of the lifted leg). Participants performed FKALL exercises three times each condition, and motion sensor used to measure pelvic tilt and rotation angle. Results: This study demonstrated that no significant change in pelvic angle during hip movement in the FKALL (p > 0.05). However, the MF and GM muscle activities in FKALL with hip flexion and hip abduction is greater than pure FKALL position (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our finding suggests that change the posture of the hip joint to facilitate GM muscle activation during trunk stabilization exercises such as the FKALL.

To increase antioxidant activity and physicochemical quality characteristics, four kinds of berries (blueberry (BEB), blackberry (BKB), cranberry (CNB), raspberry (RSB)) with antioxidant activities were used to replace beet (B) in existing ABC juice. In the experimental group, the pH was decreased while the content of soluble solids was increased significantly. Total polyphenol content was significantly increased in all experimental groups compared to that in the control group. The control group had the lowest polyphenol content at 14.723 μg GAE/g, whereas the blackberry replacement group had the highest polyphenol content at 67.12 μg GAE/g. The total flavonoid content was the lowest in the control group at 8.98 μg QE/g but the highest in the blackberry group at 50.47 μg QE/g. All experimental groups showed significantly higher antioxidant activities than the control group. DPPH & ABTS radical scavenging activities were the lowest in the control group at 15.69% and 19.55%, respectively, but the highest in the blackberry group at 48.24% and 59.43%, respectively. SOD-like activity was also the lowest in the control group at 14.12%, but the highest in the blackberry group at 48.18%. When comparing experimental groups, antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS, SOD) and antioxidant components (total polyphenols and total flavonoids) were in the order of BKB > CNB > RSB > BEB > Control. In conclusion, the new ABC juice containing four types of berries is enriched in antioxidants with significantly improved antioxidant activities and physicochemical quality characteristics.

Background: Elastic and non-elastic taping are widely used in clinical practice, but there are various methods of attachment. Objectives: To investigate the effect of the type and intensity of taping on the muscle strength and muscle endurance of healthy adults. Design: Experimental research. Methods: 38 healthy adults participated in this experiment. Before applying the taping to each participant, the muscle strength and endurance of the quadriceps femoris were measured. After applying three different taping intervention methods, muscle strength and muscle endurance changes were measured. Muscle strength and endurance were measured through CSMI. Repeated measures ANOVA was used for statistics on participant measurements. Results: All intervention methods influenced the muscle strength improvement of the quadriceps femoris. Elastic tape with 50% elasticity had a greater impact on muscle strength than 33% elastic tape and non-elastic tape, and secondly, elastic tape with 33% elasticity was effective, and non-elastic tape had the least impact. Muscle endurance improvement was affected by the order of 50% elasticity taping, 33% elasticity taping, and non-elastic taping. Conclusion: All three taping intervention methods showed significant effects on improving muscle strength and muscle endurance of the wide-legged quadruple muscles, but the best effect was to apply 50% elastic taping.

Background: Changes in foot sole shape can result in plantar muscle weakness, lack of proprioception, increased ankle instability, and an inability to balance. Objectives: To investigated whether different floor surfaces influenced the effect that short-foot exercises have on the foot core system of healthy individuals. Design: Pretest-posttest control group experimental design. Methods: This exercise shortens the length of the foot by raising the medial longitudinal arch, strengthening the intrinsic muscle of the sole, and maintaining the shape of the medial longitudinal arch. Results: There was a significant difference in the angle of the medial longitudinal arch in the mat exercise group (MEG) and vibration exercise group (VEG) before and after the intervention (P<.05). As the arch angle decreased, the arch height increased. Post hoc analysis showed that there was no difference between the floor exercise group (FEG) and MEG or between the MEG and VEG (P>.05). In terms of the weight distribution index (WDI, there was a significant difference in the MEG and VEG (P<.05) but not in the FEG before and after the intervention (P>.05). The post hoc analysis results showed that there was no difference between the FEG and MEG (P>.05). Conclusion: Various methods to improve the strength of intrinsic muscles of the sole are more effective than no stimulation, and that short-foot exercise combined with sensory stimulation can be recommended for maintaining and increasing the medial longitudinal arch.

본 논문에서는 2020년 부커상 수상작인 더글러스 스튜어트의 󰡔셔기 베인󰡕에 나타난 구원의 문제를 다룬다. 아일랜드계 이민자 3세대 출신으로서 스코틀랜드 글래스고의 노동자 계층의 셔기는 알코올 중독자 어머니가 중독에서 벗어나 행복한 삶을 살 수 있을 것이라는 희망을 품고 있다. 바람기 많은 아버지와 의붓형 그리고 누나가 차례로 집을 떠나는 것을 지켜보면서 셔기는 매일 아침 어머니가 변할 수도 있을 것이라는 믿음으로 시작한다. 여기서 가톨릭과 개신교의 반목 관계가 난무하는 가운데 두 종교로부터 버림받은 어머니를 행복하게 할 수 있는 일은 무엇이든지 하겠다는 셔기는 윌리엄 제임스의 낙관주의적 성품을 지닌 종교적 인간으로 볼 수 있다. 제임스가 말하는 낙관주의적 성품은 삶의 주요 관심사를 행복으로 보고 행복을 느끼는 것이 종교적 삶에서 중요한 역할을 한다고 믿는 것과 연계되어 있다. 이에 의해 셔기의 10여 년의 삶을 돌아보면서 불행 속에서도 행복을 끌어안는 구원의 양상들을 살펴보았다.

본 연구는 청소년의 건강환경(가정 환경, 지역 환경, 학교 환경)이 스트레스와 신체적 건강을 매개로 학업 성취도에 미치는 영향과, 건강환경이 스트레스와 신체적 건강을 매개로 학업 성취 도에 미치는 영향에 있어 성별 간 차이에 대해 분석하였다. 이를 위해 한국청소년정책연구원에 서 실시한 ‘청소년의 건강권 보장을 위한 정책방안 연구’의 2019년 자료를 활용하여 8,201명의 청소년을 대상으로 경로분석을 실시하였으며, 주요 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 청소년 의 건강환경은 스트레스와 신체적 건강을 매개로 학업 성취도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났 다. 둘째, 건강환경이 스트레스와 신체적 건강을 매개로 학업 성취도에 미치는 경로를 남, 여학 생 성별로 비교한 결과 유의미한 경로는 두 집단에서 유사하게 나타났으나, 지역 환경이 스트레 스 및 학업 성취도에 미치는 직접적인 영향은 여학생의 경우에만 유의미하였고, 남학생의 경우 유의미하지 않았다. 본 연구결과가 청소년의 학업 성취도 증진을 위한 기초자료나 관련 정책의 참고자료로 활용되기를 기대한다.

Background: It is known that hand strength and fingertip force are used as an indicator of muscle strength and are also highly related to the various chronic symptoms and even lifespan. To use the individual fingertip force (IFF) as a quantitative index for clinical evaluation, the IFF should be measured and analyzed with various variables from various subjects, such as the normal range of fingertip force and the difference in its distribution by disease. Objects: We tried to measure and analyze the mean maximum IFF distribution during grasping a cylindrical object in healthy adults and patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods: Five Force-sensitive resistor (FSR) sensors were attached to the fingertips of 24 healthy people and 13 patients with SCI. They were asked to grip the object three times for five seconds with their maximum effort. Results: The mean maximum IFF of the healthy adult group’s thumb, index, and middle finger was similar statistically and showed relatively larger than IFF of the ring and small finger. It is a 3-point pinch grip pattern. All fingertip forces of patients with SCI decreased by more than 50% to the healthy group, and their IFF of the middle finger was relatively the largest among the five fingertip forces. The cervical level injured SCI patients showed significantly decreased IFFs compared to thoracic level injured SCI patients. Conclusion: We expect that this study results would be helpful for rehabilitation diagnosis and therapy goal decision with robust further study.

In this study, we developed a healthy snack using dried shrimp powder which is rich in calcium to help prevent bone disease. Different types of yanggaeng were prepared with varying ratios of dried shrimp powder; 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%. Moisture content, color value, texture properties, and mineral concentration were measured. The L, a, and b chromaticity values showed significant differences in the 5% addition group (p<0.001). The texture properties, hardness, and adhesion decreased significantly as the amount of shrimp powder increased (p<0.001), while chewiness and elasticity significantly increased as the amount increased (p<0.001). Calcium and potassium increased significantly as the amount of shrimp powder increased (p<0.001).

In this paper, we propose a method for diagnosing overload and working load of collaborative robots through performance analysis of machine learning algorithms. To this end, an experiment was conducted to perform pick & place operation while changing the payload weight of a cooperative robot with a payload capacity of 10 kg. In this experiment, motor torque, position, and speed data generated from the robot controller were collected, and as a result of t-test and f-test, different characteristics were found for each weight based on a payload of 10 kg. In addition, to predict overload and working load from the collected data, machine learning algorithms such as Neural Network, Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Gradient Boosting models were used for experiments. As a result of the experiment, the neural network with more than 99.6% of explanatory power showed the best performance in prediction and classification. The practical contribution of the proposed study is that it suggests a method to collect data required for analysis from the robot without attaching additional sensors to the collaborative robot and the usefulness of a machine learning algorithm for diagnosing robot overload and working load.

Background: Lunge exercises are lower extremity rehabilitation and strengthening exercises for patients and athletes. Most studies have shown the effectiveness of the forward and backward lunge exercises for treating patellofemoral pain and anterior cruciate ligament injuries (by increasing lower extremity muscle activity) and improving kinematics. Objects: However, it is not known how the two different lunge movements affect trunk muscle activities in healthy individuals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the electromyographic activity of the rectus abdominis and erector spinae muscles during forward and backward lunge exercises in healthy participants. Methods: Twelve healthy participants were recruited. Electromyographic activity of the rectus abdominis and erector spinae was recorded using surface electrodes during forward and backward lunges, and subsequently normalized to the respective reference voluntary isometric contractions of each muscle. Results: Activity of the erector spinae was significantly higher than that of the rectus abdominis during all stages of the backward lunge (p < 0.05). The activity of the erector spinae was significantly greater during the backward than forward lunge at all stages (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Backward lunging is better able to enhance trunk motor control and activate the erector spinae muscles.

Background: Cervical spine mobilization is an effective intervention method to increase cervical range of motion (ROM). However, whether using a sling with cervical spine mobilization can provide a similar positive effect in improving ROM and muscle stiffness as conventional cervical spine mobilization has not yet been proven. Objectives: To investigated the effects of sling with cervical spine lateral mobilization on improving neck ROM and muscle stiffness in healthy subjects. Design: A two-group pre-posttest design. Methods: A total of 20 healthy subjects were allocated to a sling with cervical spine mobilization (SWCM) group (n=10) and a cervical spine mobilization (CM) group (n=10). The mobilization exercise at grade Ⅳ+ amplitude was applied to the left-side and right-side C3-C4 and C4-C5 of each group for three sets. The mobilization exercise was performed for 30 seconds (frequency of two vibrations per second), with a 30-second resting time. The active cervical ROM, muscle tone, and muscle stiffness of the cervical region of each group was measured and compared before and after the intervention. Results: The active cervical ROM of both groups significantly improved after the intervention (p<.05). However, no significant differences in the cervical active ROM, cervical muscle tone, and muscle stiffness were observed between two groups. Conclusion: The application of sling with cervical spine lateral mobilization is an intervention method that can be effectively used to improve the physiological movement of the neck, as well as cervical muscle tone and stiffness.