Lots of educational and medical facilities were actively built along with foreign missionary activities under Korean Empire era. Paiwha Girls’ High School is one of the educational facilities and at that time dormitory house was essential for recruiting girl students. Especially Paiwha’s dormitory was traditional hanok style, but now an auditorium has built in its place. This study carried on to restore its hanok dormitory house based on the plan sketch which drawn Paiwha Girls’ High School magazine. Through the analysis and investigation, we found some results as follows. Paiwha’s Hanok Dormitory had composed of 23 dormitories rooms, management space, sanitary space, dining space, etc. In living rooms division, there are three types of rooms, and it’s room was 4∼5 pyung(坪) in size and using area per person was 1pyung. Besides all rooms were connected by a corridor. The structure was 5-ryang(樑) type without high column or with one high column. Looking at structure and the shape of the roof on the historic photos, it seems to be a lower roof slope than other traditional house because of reducing its weight. But its span between two columns was wider relatively.

내시경 유두부 괄약근 절개술(endoscopic sphincterotomy, EST)은 췌담도 질환의 기본 시술로 현재 다양한 췌담도 질환의 진단과 치료에 있어 표준검사로 널리 시행되고 있다. 이후 1982년에는 EST에 대한 대안으로 내시경 유두부 풍선 확장술(endoscopic papillary balloon dilation, EPBD)이 소개되었으며 EPBD는 EST와 비교하여 오디괄약근의 기능을 보존하고 출혈과 천공의 위험을 줄일 수 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. EST 및 EPBD를 안전하고 효과적으로 시행하기 위해서는 십이지장 유두부의 해부학적 구조를 잘 이해해야 하며 EST와 EPBD의 기본 술기를 잘 숙지하여야 한다.

This study investigated whether the framework of writing for English learners should be guided by the well-established reading-writing relation or by the receptive and productive nature of literacy skills. The writings of 209 advanced English learners in Korea were analyzed in relation to receptive and productive vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension while controlling for writing fluency. Two sets of structural equation models were fitted: (1) productive skills (productive vocabulary and writing fluency) mediating receptive skills (receptive vocabulary and reading) and (2) reading mediating receptive and productive vocabulary knowledge. The results supported the second model in which reading completely mediated the contribution of receptive and productive vocabulary to writing. Although there were no direct effects of receptive and productive vocabulary knowledge, both had significant indirect effects on writing through reading and writing fluency. These results show that reading has a strong direct effect on writing above and beyond vocabulary, and that vocabulary knowledge contributes to writing development through reading.

Companies are paying attention to project governance to realize their goal strategies, project success, and project value in a rapid and complex environment due to the development of information technology. This study aims to explore project governance and factors from literature review and practice guides related to project governance and empirically analyze the impact of project governance factors on IT project objective performance. The survey was conducted on project managers, project team members, and project management members with experience in carrying out business IT projects within two years at companies in various industries in Korea. The main conclusion is as follows. Among the project governance factors, disclosure and reporting that uses and reports using appropriate and reliable information about projects related to decision-making activities positively impact the achievement of IT project objectives: business success and stakeholder satisfaction. Among the project governance factors, project sponsorship, a role that effectively connects management and projects, and a project management framework that provides tools, procedures, resources, and techniques for projects positively impact IT project objective performance. This study is of academic and practical significance in that it identifies the definition and factors of project governance through companies in various industries in Korea and the positive impact of project governance factors on IT project objective performance.

The integration of Live streaming and E-commerce, also known as Live commerce, has been widely used in Asia. The live commerce market in China, which leads the live commerce business, reached 2.36 trillion yuan (about 340 billion dollars) at the end of 2021. While revenue is an important indicator for a company, customer engagement in live commerce, which can acquire potential customers through brand loyalty formation, community building, and information sharing, is also a crucial indicator in consideration of long-term development.

For the many companies that operate internationally, the challenge of translating brand typography into different writing systems is a crucial and complex one. To address this issue, specialized type designers developed "bilingual typography": localized brand typography meant to preserve the original visual identity. They assume that by mimicking the appearance of the original typography, the newly created non-Latin typography will maintain brand consistency. However, no research investigated whether such approach is efficient.

This study aims to evaluate the level of reproducibility of the marketing field. The research is motivated because many significant published research findings in various scientific areas, including marketing, have been found to be false or only partially replicable, a phenomenon labelled Reproducibility Crisis. This crisis is partly due to the strong overreliance on frequentist statistics and the misuse and misinterpretation of p-values in the Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST) framework. This study offers two main contributions: first, it develops a methodological, quantitative evaluation of the most-cited published papers in marketing history in its four top journals, creating an overall index of marketing science reproducibility. Second, it analyzes how misuse and misinterpretation of p-values and frequentist statistics have undermined marketing science's reproducibility and discusses possible solutions for these problems. We selected a representative sample of the marketing literature, screening the papers using hierarchical classification criteria and the Web of Science (WoS) database to select the most-cited papers.

The rapid digital transformation and the ever-changing needs of consumers have provided both academia and practice a stimulating setting and chance for grasping evolving opportunities and reinventing the traditional marketing approaches. Agility is one emergent approach to manage challenges like increasing uncertainty or high volatility. Due to its relative novelty, the extant academic literature on marketing agility is narrow, and although the operationalization of the construct is slowly expanding, there is yet the need for further refinement of the definition, the construct, terminology, and its dimensions. Similarly, in practitioner circles there is a growing “buzz” about implementing agile practices (e.g., continuous feedback-learning cycles, collaboration, flexibility, and speed) in the field of marketing to manage changing market environments. What exactly makes an organization, a department, or a team agile is, however, still blurred.

Customer engagement has been a focus of a significant amount of research. Most of the prior research on customer engagement typically focused on engagement and loyalty in loyalty program context, while the impact of rewarded customer engagement on program members has largely been missed out. Additionally, no prior study yet has focused on the conceptualization of rewarded customer engagement, while exploring and comparing its significance on various digital platforms, such as loyalty programs and Metaverse. Thus, this study aims to conceptualize rewarded customer engagement while investigating its impact on loyalty program members, and whether it induces and/or encourages their engagement in brand’s Metaverse platform(s).

This study focuses on resale behavior in online consumer-to-consumer market platforms and examines the factors that promote and hinder the resale behavior of sellers. The evidence from the experiment suggests the negative effect of emotional attachment on resale intention and the moderating effect of resale possibilities.

The purpose of this study was to examine the impacts of AI-integrated MALL on Korean students’ TOEIC preparation, by comparing with AI-integrated CALL. A total of 496 freshmen students participated in this study. They were arbitrarily assigned to AI CALL (n = 190), AI MALL (n = 164), and the control (n = 132) groups. During a 2021 academic semester, the two experimental groups studied TOEIC through computers or mobile phones, integrated with AI technology. The control group was taught by a human teacher, in a traditional classroom setting. Before and after the treatment, TOEIC listening and reading tests were administered. Paired samples t-tests and one-way ANOVAs, were used to analyze collected data. Findings show that all groups significantly increased listening and reading test scores. Group comparison results show that the AI CALL group outperformed the control group for both tests. This group also outperformed the AI MALL group for the reading test. Based on this, pedagogical implications are invaluable

식중독 세균에 의한 biofilm 형성을 억제하는 효과를 시 험하기 위하여 cinnamon, clove 및 lemongrass 정유의 휘 발성 성분을 분석하였다. 또한 정유의 주요 항균활성 성 분이 polyethylene과 stainless steel 표면에서 식중독 세균 에 의한 biofilm 형성을 억제하는 효과에 대하여 조사하였 다. Cinnamon 정유의 주요 휘발성 성분은 cinnamaldehyde (38.30%), linalool (9.61%), β–caryophyllene (8.90%) 및 1,3,4-eugenol (8.19%)로 동정되었다. Clove 정유의 주요 휘발성 성분은 1,3,4-eugenol (61.84%)로 분석되었다. Lemongrass의 주요 휘발성 성분은 citral의 이성질체인 geranial (19.11%)과 neral (19.23%)로 검출되었으며, citral 은 isomeric acyclic monoterpene aldehydes로서 geranial (trans-citral, 19.11%)과 neral (cis-citral, 19.23%)의 혼합물 로 분석되었다. Cinnamon, clove 및 lemongrass의 주요 성 분 중 cinnamaldehyde, linalool, eugenol 및 citral이 disc diffusion assay에 의해 시험한 6종의 식중독 세균에 대하 여 강한 항균활성을 나타냈다. Eugenol (0.1%)과 citral은 polyethylene 및 stainless steel coupon 표면에서 식중독 세 균에 의해 형성된 biofilm에 대하여 강한 억제 작용을 나 타났다. Cinnamaldehyde (0.1%)는 Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19112와 Staphylococcus aureus KCCM 11812에 의 해 형성된 biofilm에 대해 장한 억제 작용을 나타냈다. 연 구 결과 cinnamaldehyde, eugenol 및 citral 처리에 의해 식 중독 세균에 의한 biofilm 형성을 억제가 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

As the number of aging nuclear power plants increases, the market for dismantling nuclear power plants is growing rapidly. About 40% of the cost of dismantling nuclear power plants is the waste treatment cost incurred during the dismantling process, of which concrete waste accounts for a significant portion of the total waste. Securing technology for reducing and recycling concrete waste is very important not only in terms of economy but also in terms of environment. The objective is to synthesize geopolymer using inorganic materials from cement fine powder in concrete waste. Cement fine powder in concrete waste has a large amount of inorganic elements necessary for filing materials for radioactive waste treatment such as CaO and SiO2. In particular, Ca(OH)2 is synthesized by extracting Ca2+ from concrete waste. It can be used as an alkali activator to synthesize geopolymer. The mortar from crushed concrete was used as a source of calcium. The first step is to react with concrete waste and hydrochloric acid to extract ions. The second step is to react with NaOH and synthesize Ca(OH)2. The product was divided into two stages according to the reaction method and order. The first and second products were washed and dried, and then XRD and XRF were performed. The second product was matched only Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3 at the XRD peak. In the case of XRF, it was analyzed to have a purity of 67.80–78.73%. Synthesis of geopolymer by recycling materials extracted from concrete waste can reduce disposal costs and improve the utilization rate of disposal sites.