The ovicidal effect of plant extract mixture (5% cinnamon extract + 10% citronella oil + 30% citrus oil + 10% derris extract + 20% neem extract + 25% penetrating surfactant) against several major insect pests was tested using the spraying method. In the case of stink bugs, eggs tended to die during hatching. When treated with a plant extract mixture (500-times solution), mortality for Halyomorpha halys, Riptortus clavatus, Eurydema dominulus, Trialeurodes vaprarorium, Bemisia tabaci, Spodoptera exigua, and Agrotis ipsilon reached as high as 100%. Therefore, it is believed that industrialization will be feasible in the future.

몇 종의 주요 농작물 해충에 대한 식물추출물(cinnamon extract 5% + citronella oil 10% + citrus oil 30% + derris extract 10% + neem extract 20% + penetrating surfactant 25%)의 살란 효과를 분무법으로 검정하였다. 노린재류의 경우 알이 부화하는 과정에서 치사하는 경향을 보였다. 식물추출물(500배액) 처리시 썩덩나무노린재(Halyomorpha halys), 톱다리개미허리노린재(Riptortus clavatus), 홍비단노린재(Eurydema dominulus), 온실가루이(Trialeurodes vaprarorium), 담배가루이(Bemisia tabaci), 파밤나방(Spodoptera exigua), 검거세미밤나방(Agrotis ipsilon) 에 대한 최종 살란 효과는 100%로 높게 나타나, 향후 산업화가 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

Aralia elata, Chaenomeles sinensis fruit, and Glycyrrhizae radix have been widely used as oriental medicinal plants in Korea, China and Japan and found to possess anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. The current study was conducted to investigate the neuroprotective effect of an ethanol extract of a mixture of A. elata, C. sinensis fruit, and Glycyrrhizae radix (ACG) against ischemia-induced brain injury in rats and excitotoxic and oxidative neuronal death in primarily cultured rat cortical neurons. Transient focal cerebral ischemia was induced by 2 h middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by 24 h reperfusion (MCAO/R) in rats. Oral administration of ACG (10, 25, and 50 mg/kg) 30 min before MCAO, after 1 h of MCAO, and after 1 h of reperfusion reduced MCAO/R-induced brain infarct and edema formation. ACG also inhibited development of behavioral disabilities in MCAO/R-treated rats. Exposure of cultured cortical neurons to 500 μM glutamate for 12 h resulted in neuronal cell death. ACG (1, 10, and 50 μg/mL) inhibited glutamate-induced neuronal death. Furthermore, ACG inhibited 100 μM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)- and hypoxia-induced neuronal death. These results suggest that the neuroprotective effect of ACG against ischemia-induced brain damage might be associated with its anti-excitotoxic and anti-oxidative activity and that ACG may have a therapeutic role for prevention of neurodegeneration in stroke.

본 연구에서는 비건 인증(Vegan) 화장품 원료 7종 혼합추출물의 항산화능 및 미백효과를 확인 하였다. 라디컬 소거능으로서 DPPH, ABTS, FRAP 실험, 항산화 물질 측정으로서 폴리페놀과 플라보노이 드 함량 측정을 실시하였다. DPPH 실험에서는 105.74 mg ascorbic acid / g의 항산화능을 나타내었으며, ABTS 실험에서는 85.31 mg ascorbic acid / g의 항산화능을 나타내었다. FRAP에서는 7종 혼합추출물의 1 mg이 ascorbic acid 198.01±5.50 μg의 환원력을 보였다. 폴리페놀 함량은 30.19±0.75 mg/g으로 나타 났으며, 플라보노이드 함량은 9.12±0.36 mg/g으로 나타났다. 한편 세포실험에서는 세포 독성과 미백활성 을 알아보았다. 세포독성의 경우 20% 이하의 세포 독성을 보였으며, 100 μg/mL 농도에서 34.70±2.97% 의 멜라닌 생성 억제능을 보여 7종 혼합추출물의 기능성 화장품 원료로서의 가능성을 확인하였다.

The young shoots of Aralia elata, Chaenomeles sinensis fruit and Glycyrrhizae radix are edible and traditionally used as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents. The present study was performed to investigate the protective effect of an ethanol extract mixture of these three medicinal plants (ACG) against amyloid β protein (Aβ) (25– 35)-induced memory impairment in an ICR mouse model. Memory impairment was induced by intracerebroventricular microinjection of 15 nmol Aβ (25–35) and assessed using the passive avoidance test and the Morris water maze test. The step-through latency in the passive avoidance test was decreased and the latency to reach the hidden platform in the Morris water maze test was increased in mice treated with Aβ (25–35), indicating memory impairment. This memory impairment induced by Aβ (25–35) was significantly prevented by chronic treatment with ACG (10, 25, and 50 mg/kg, p.o., 8 days). In memory impaired mice brain, cholinesterase activity and concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, a lipid peroxidation marker, were increased and glutathione level was decreased. These biochemical changes in Aβ (25–35)-treated mice were reversed by chronic administration of ACG. The present results suggest that antioxidant and anti-cholinesterase activities of ACG might be responsible for the inhibition of Aβ (25– 35)-induced memory impairment and that ACG preparation may have a therapeutic role in preventing the progression of Alzheimer’s disease.

Herbal medicine has been the basis for medical treatments through much of human history, and such traditional medicine is still widely practiced today. Modern medicine makes use of many plant-derived compounds as the basis for pharmaceutical drugs. In traditionally, Achyranthes aspera, Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) seed and Acanthopanax senticosus have been used for the treatment and prevention of bone-related diseases. In this study, we investigated the pharmacological effect of mixture of Achyranthes aspera, Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) seed and Acanthopanax senticosus and the other herbs. Two types of enzymes were used to enhance the extraction components of amino acid, mineral content, free sugar, and flavor recovery in extracting natural herbal mixtures(NME). We evaluated regulation of osteogenic differentiation in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells using alkaline phosphatase staining, alizarin red S staining and RT-PCR. The CCK-8 assay indicated that NME had no cytotoxicity but increased cell survival. In addition, NME promoted the mineralization and expression of osteogenic differention marker genes in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Therefore, NME has an effect of promoting proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cell.

본 연구의 목적은 arbutine과 유용성감초추출물 혼합물의 미백 효과를 조사하는 것이다. B16 melanoma 세포에서 알부틴 및 유용성 감초 추출물의 tyrosinase 활성과 멜라닌 생성 억제 효과를 시험관내에서 평가하여 미백 효과를 측정 하였다. B16 흑색 종 세포를 이용한 MTT 분석은 혼합물 (알부틴과 유용성감초추출물)이 세포독성이 없음을 확인하였다. 유용성 감초 추출물과 알부틴은 모두 mushroom tyrosinase 활성이 농도 의존적 효과를 보였다. 혼합물은 다양한 농도 (유용성감초추출물 : 알부틴 = 1 : 1, 1 : 1.5, 1 : 2, 1 : 2.5, 1 : 5)에서 B16 melanoma 세포에서 40-51 %의 tyrosinase 활성을 유의하게 억제하였다. 또한, 시험한 모든 혼합물은 B16 melanoma cell의 멜라닌 함량을 50 % 이상 감소시켰다. 이러한 결과는 알부틴과 유용성감초추출물 혼합사용 시 미백 활성에 효과적임을 시사하는 바이다.

Vitis amurensis, Aralia cordata, and Glycyrrhizae radix have been widely used in Korea, China, and Japan because of their anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. The present study investigated the anti-nociceptive and antiinflammatory properties of an ethanol extract (SSB) of a mixture of three medicinal plants of Vitis amurensis (stem and leaf), Aralia cordata (stem and leaf), and Glycyrrhizae radix. Anti-nociceptive activity was determined using chemical (acetic acid and formalin) and thermal (hot plate) stimuli-induced algesia tests. Formalin-induced paw edema was evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity. SSB (25–100 mg/kg, p.o.) and ibuprofen (100 mg/kg, p.o.), a positive nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), significantly inhibited the acetic acid-induced writhing response caused by peripherally mediated algesia, but failed to protect thermal nociception in the hot plate test that was employed for centrally mediated analgesic activity. However, morphine (5 mg/kg, s.c.) used as a positive opioid control alleviated the acetic acid-induced writhing response and thermal nociception in the hot plate test. In the formalin test, SSB (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) inhibited the second phase response (peripheral inflammatory algesia), but not the first phase response (central algesia), whereas morphine inhibited both phases of the pain response. Both SSB (25-100 mg/kg, p.o.) and ibuprofen (200 mg/kg) caused significant reduction of the formalin-induced increase of paw thickness, which was the index of inflammation. These results suggest that SSB has a significant anti-nociceptive activity that seems to be peripheral, but not central. SSB also displays antiinflammatory activity in an acute inflammatory model. The present study supports a possible use of SSB to treat pain and inflammation.

Vitis amurensis, Aralia cordata, and Glycyrrhizae radix have been widely used as oriental medicinal plants in Korea, China and Japan and found to possess anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. A previous study demonstrated a protection of an ethanol extract (SSB) of a mixture of three medicinal plants of Vitis amurensis, Aralia cordata, and Glycyrrhizae radix against β amyloid protein-induced memory impairment. The current study was conducted to investigate the neuroprotective effect of SSB against ischemiainduced brain injury. Transient focal cerebral ischemia was induced by 2 hr middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by 24 hr reperfusion (MCAO/reperfusion) in rats. Oral administration of SSB (5, 10 and 25 mg/kg) 30 min before and 1 h after MCAO, and 1 h after reperfusion reduced MCAO/ reperfusion-induced brain infarct and edema formation. SSB also inhibited development of behavioral disabilities in MCAO/reperfusion-treated rats. Exposure of cultured cortical neurons to 500 μM glutamate for 12 hr resulted in neuronal cell death. SSB (1-10 μg/mL) inhibited glutamateinduced neuronal death, elevation of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These results suggest that the neuroprotective effect of SSB against ischemia-induced brain damage might be associated with its anti-excitotoxic activity and that SSB may have a therapeutic role for prevention of neurodegeneration in stroke.

The safety of a new natural plant composition (ADP) was assessed on the genotoxicity study and 14-day repeat dose toxicity study. ADP contains a mixed water extract obtained from the mixture of Phellodendron cortex (Phellodendron amurense) and Anemarrhena rhizoma (Anemarrhena asphodeloides), and poses the contractile properties mediated by alpha-adrenoceptor of the prostate and urethra as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In order to evaluate genetic safety, in vivo micronucleus test was performed in ICR mice orally administered with three dose levels of 1250, 2500, 5000 mg/kg body weight, and vehicle and positive control. In the 14 days study, Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with ADP at the dose levels of 500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg once a day, and clinical signs, body weights, hematology, serum biochemistry, necropsy findings and organ weights were monitored and examined. In experimental results, ADP treatment, compared with vehicle control, did not induce the micronucleated erythrocytes from mouse bone marrow. In the 14 days study, any significant and toxicological differences in all measurements of parameters were not observed in ADP treatment groups of animals, compared with vehicle treatment. The No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Level (NOAEL) of ADP in the 14 days study was determined to be greater than 2000 mg/kg/day in both sexes.

본 연구에서는 피로 회복 또는 원기 회복에 효능이 있는 것으로 알려진 홍경천과 홍삼을 이용하여 홍경천-홍삼 복합 발효물의 산화적 손상 억제 효과를 평가하고자 H2O2로 산화적 스트레스를 유도시킨 C2C12 근육세포에 홍경천-홍삼 복합 발효물의 처리한 후, 세포의 morphology, cell viability 및 항산화 효소들의 유전자 발현 양상을 비교, 분석하였다. 홍경천-홍삼 복합 발효물은 C2C12 근육세포의 cell viability를 유의적으로 증가시켰으며, Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD 및 GPx 등과 같은 세포내 항산화 효소의 발현을 증가시킬 뿐만 아니라, 근육세포 분화의 주요 전사인자인 Myo D의 발현 또한 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로, 홍경천-홍삼 복합 발효물은 세포내 항산화 효소 시스템을 증가시켜 외부로부터의 산화적 손상에 대한 방어효능을 갖는 것으로 나타났으며, 향후 in vivo 시스템 이용한 추가적인 연구가 수행된다면, 홍경천-홍삼 복합 발효물을 이용한 항피로 건강기능식품의 소재개발이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

본 연구에서는 혈당강하 소재로서 가능성이 확인된 GFPC와 잎새버섯 및 흰목이 추출 혼합물의 안전성을 평가하기 위하여 수행되었었다. 마우스에 대한 급성경구독성을 평가하기 위해 체중 kg 당 최고 5g의 각 시험물질을 마우스 위에 직접 투여하여 48시간 동안 관찰 한 결과 모든 실험군에서 사망예가 관찰되지 않아 LD50 은 5g/kg B.W. 이상으로 계산되었으며, 임상 증상이나 체중에서도 유의할만한 소견이 관찰되지 않았다. 따라서 본 실험의 GFPC와 잎새버섯 및 흰목이 추출 혼합물은 마우스에 있어서 단기 급성 경구독성이나 부작용을 유발하지 않는 안전한 식품소재로 평가되었다. 결론적으로 GFPC와 잎새버섯 및 흰목이 추출 혼합물은 급성 독성이나 부작용을 유발하지 않아 임상사용의 가능성을 제시하여 주었다.

The present study was evaluated the antibacterial effect of the combination of Coptidis rhizoma,Lonicerae Flos, and Paeonia japonica (1:1:1) extracts (CLP1000). Also, the effectiveness of CLP1000, dioctahedral smectite (DHS), and the combination of CLP1000 and DHS (CLPS1000) against E. coli O157:H7 infection was studied using ICR female mice. During the incubation period, the dose of 10% and 20% CLP1000 were inhibited the growth of E. coli O157:H7 by 30% and 47%, respectively. For 7 days after single challenge with E. coli O157:H7, forty female ICR mice were divided into four experimental groups which were orally administered with saline, 10% CLP1000, 10% DHS, and 10% CLPS1000, respectively. On the 3rd day, the number of E. coli O157:H7 in mouse feces was significantly decreased by administration of CLP1000 (p < 0.05), DHS (p < 0.05) and CLPS1000 (p < 0.001). On the 7th day, CLP1000 (p < 0.05) and CLPS1000 (p < 0.001) administration significantly decreased the number of E. coli O157:H7. According to the results of the present study, administration of CLPS1000 to mice can reduce the severity of E. coli O157:H7 infection. Also, it is suggested that CLPS100 represents a good candidate for the treatment of enteric infections in domestic animals.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary dae-chu(Rhamnace ziziphus, A), onion(Allium cepa L., O), mixture extracts (mulberry leaf, licorice root, pine needle, angelica gigas, jujube, onion, M) on serum glucose, lipid, enzyme, phosphorus levels in rats (Sprague-Dawley male rats, 357.03±7.08g). Serum calcium of onion group was significantly decreased (p〈0.05), but mixture extracts group of Cl (p〈0.05) and TBIL (total bilirubin, p〈0.05) were significantly increased. Serum glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride were increased experimental rats than those of the normal rats. Mixture extracts was better than other groups for lipid metabolism. Also, GPT(glutamic pyruvic transaminase) and GOT(glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase) of onion extracts were protected to liver. So mixture and onion extracts were good drink for health.