본 연구는 식물공장에서 아쿠아포닉스와 수경재배에서 재배된 딸기의 무기양분 흡수율, 생육, 수량을 비 교하고자 수행되었다. 양어는 비단잉어(Cyprinus carpio) 12마리를 수조(W 0.7m × L 1.5m × H 0.45m, 472.5L)에 367.5L 물을 채운 후 입식하였고 5.44kg·m-3 밀도로 사육하였다. 딸기 모종 30개체는 펄라이트를 채운 포트에 정식 하여 아쿠아포닉스 시스템 베드(W 0.7m × L 1.5m × H 0.22m)에 장착하였고, 모종 30개체는 네트포트에 정식한 후 담액수경(DFT)시스템 베드(W 0.7m × L 1.5m × H 0.22m)의 아크릴판(140 cm × 60 cm, Ø80 mm)에 장착하였다. 재 배기간 동안 아쿠아포닉스 수조액의 pH와 EC는 각각 4.3－6.9, 0.32－1.14dS·m-1 수준이었고, 수경재배는 각각 5.1 －7.5, 1.0－1.8dS·m-1이었다. 아쿠아포닉스 수조액의 NO3-N와 NH4-N 농도는 수경재배보다 각각 약 3.6, 2.2 me·L-1 높았다. P, Ca, Mg, S 농도는 수경재배보다 각각 약 0.76, 3.1, 0.8, 0.9me·L-1 높았으며, K와 Fe는 각각 약 0.8me·L-1, 0.5mg·L-1 낮았다. 딸기 잎의 무기이온 함량은 두 재배 처리 간 유의차가 없었으며 엽내 K 함량은 적정 범위를 보였 다. 정식 후 58과 98일 사이에 아쿠아포닉스에서 재배된 딸기의 T-N와 P 흡수율은 수경재배보다 각각 1.5, 1.9배 높 았고 K 흡수율은 유의차가 없었다. 개체당 과실수는 아쿠아포닉스에서 수경재배보다 유의하게 많았으며, 상품과 생체중, 건물중, 과실의 과장과 과폭은 수경재배에서 아쿠아포닉스보다 높았다. 결과를 종합하면, 아쿠아포닉스에 서는 수조액의 물고기 배설물과 먹이 잔여물에 의한 고체 입자의 비료성분을 지속적으로 가용하여 활용한다는 것 을 알 수 있다.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the nutrition quotient and the dietary intake of adolescents. A total of 393 adolescents were surveyed to evaluate their Nutrition Quotient for Korean Adolescents (NQ-A) scores and dietary intake. The average age of the survey subjects was 15 years and the average NQ-A score of the subjects was 49.11±13.35. There was no significant difference in the NQ-A scores according to gender and age. The average dietary diversity score was 3.77±0.85, and it was significantly higher in boys than in girls (p< .05) with the scores of 12-14-year-old students being significantly higher than those aged 15-18 years (p< .01). The results of comparing the percentage of recommended intake or adequate intake and the mean adequacy ratio (MAR) according to the NQ-A grade, showed that the ‘High’ grade had a significantly higher intake percentage of vitamin B1, B12, folate, phosphorus, iron and a significantly higher MAR (p< .05). From a long-term perspective, efforts to improve dietary habits are deemed necessary to meet an individual’s nutritional requirements. Adolescents themselves should develop proper eating behaviors and acquire suitable dietary management skills to enhance their nutritional status, ultimately contributing to an improvement in their quality of life.

The spectrum of this study was research on the closed hydroponic cultivation of netted melons (Cucumis melo L.) using coir substrate, analyzing the impact of this cultivation method on melon yield, fruit quality, and the efficiency of water and nutrient usage. The experimental results showed that the average fruit weight of the melons grown in a closed system was 71.4 g higher than that of the open system, and the fruit width was on average 0.2 cm larger, showing a statistically significant difference. However, there was no difference in the average sugar content of the fruit flesh and height. Although there is no substantial commercial difference, it is conjectured that the change in the macronutrients ratio in the irrigation has played a role in the statistically significant increase in fruit weight, which is attributed to changes in the crops' nutrient uptake concentrations. This necessitates further research for a more comprehensive understanding. In terms of the productivity of irrigation required to produce the fruit, applying the closed system resulted in an increase of 7.6 kg/ton compared to the open system, saving 31.6% of water resources. Additionally, in terms of nutrients, cultivating in a closed system allowed for savings of approximately 59, 25, 55, 83, 76, and 87% of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S, respectively, throughout the entire cultivation period. As the drainage was reused, the ratios of NO3 - and Ca2+ increased up to a maximum of 9.6 and 9.1%, respectively, while the ratios of other ions gradually decreased. In summary, these results suggest that closed hydroponic cultivation can effectively optimize the use of water and fertilizer while maintaining excellent fruit quality in melon cultivation.

국내 소비자들의 식품 영양성분에 대한 관심이 계속적 으로 증가하고 있지만 영양성분과 관련된 식품의 소비자 선호도 분석 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구는 대국민 정보 서비스인 식품영양성분 데이터베이스 플랫폼에 수집 된 빅데이터의 로그분석을 수행하여 소비자들이 영양학적 측면에서 관심을 가지는 식품에 대한 선호도 결과를 제시 하였다. 수집 기간은 2020년 1월부터 2022년 12월까지의 3개년으로 설정하여 총 2,243,168건의 식품명 검색어가 수 집되었으며, 식품명을 병합하여 품목대표 식품명으로 가 공하였다. 분석도구는 R프로그램을 이용하였으며, 영양정 보를 확인하고자 하는 식품명의 검색 빈도를 전체 기간 및 계절별로 분석하였다. 전체 기간 동안 빈도수 분석 결 과, 한국인이 일반적으로 자주 섭취하는 쌀밥, 닭고기, 달 걀의 빈도수가 가장 높았다. 계절성에 따른 선호도 분석 결과, 봄과 여름에는 대체적으로 국물이 없고 뜨겁지 않 은 음식의 빈도수가 높았으며, 가을과 겨울에는 국물이 있 고 따뜻한 음식의 빈도수가 높았다. 또한, 외식업체에서 계절식품으로 판매하는 냉면, 콩국수 등과 같은 식품의 빈 도수도 계절성을 가지는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과 는 소비자들이 일반적으로 자주 섭취하는 식품의 영양정 보에 관심을 가지는 패턴을 확인할 수 있었으며, 소비 트 렌드와 간접적인 연관성을 가진다는 점에서 외식업계에서 계절별 마케팅 전략 수립 시 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Changes in contents of free sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids of legumes were analyzed for each phase of in vitro digestion. In addition, contents of resistant starch in raw and digested pulses were compared. Soybeans, kidney beans, cowpeas, and chickpeas were analyzed. An in vitro digestion model was used to analyze contents of nutrients using LC-MS and GC-MS. Stachyose in kidneybean, cowpea, and chickpea increased as the digestion phase progressed. In four types of legumes, raffinose slightly decreased or showed no significant difference between the Oral phase and the BBMV phase. Content of glucose, a monosaccharide, increased during the BBMV phase. During the digestion phase, levels of free amino acids and free fatty acids also increased. Content of resistant starch was reduced compared to that in the raw material. It was 0.01g/100 g food in soybean, 1.06 g/100 g food in red kidney bean, 0.77g/ 100g food in cowpea, and 0.76 g/100 g food in chickpea. It was confirmed that nutrients in the in vitro digestion model were liberated at each digestion phase with changes in the content of resistant starch. These results are expected to be used as fundamental data for obtaining bioavailability of nutrients.

For appropriate nutrient management and enhanced plant growth, soil sensors which reflect soil nutrient levels are required. Because there is no available sensor for nutrient monitoring, electrical conductivity (EC) sensor can be used to evaluate soil nutrient levels. Soil nutrient management using EC sensors would be possible by understanding the relationship between sensor EC values and soil temperature, moisture, and nutrient content. However, the relationship between soil sensor EC values and plant available nutrients was not investigated. Therefore, the objectives of the study were to evaluate effect of different amount of urea on soil EC monitored by sensors during pepper and broccoli cultivation and to predict the plant available nutrient contents in soil. During the cultivation period, soil was collected periodically for analyzing pH and EC, and the available nutrient contents. The sensor EC value increased as the moisture content increased, and low fertilizer treated soil showed the lowest EC value. Principal component analysis was performed to determine the relationship between sensor EC and available nutrients in soil. Sensor EC showed a strong positive correlation with nitrate nitrogen and available Ca. In addition, sum of available nutrients such as Ca, Mg, K, P, S and N was positively related to the sensor EC values. Therefore, EC sensors in open field can be used to predict plant available nutrient levels for proper management of the soil.

Considering that the number of middle-aged single-person households is increasing, this study investigates dietary behaviors, nutrient intake, and mental health according to household type. Data were procured from the 2015-2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Totally, 5,466 participants aged 50-64 years were classified into 2 groups: a household with one member was defined as a single-person household, and households with two or more members were described as multi-person households. Single-person households comprised 10.63% of the total, with a higher average age, and lower income and economic levels than multi-person households. Compared to multiperson households, single-person households had a higher frequency of skipping breakfast, eating alone, and dining out, the moderately and severely food insecure group was more than 5 times, and nutrient intake and dietary quality were poorer. In the fully adjusted model, the odds ratios (ORs) of depressive symptoms were 2.35 times (95% CI: 1.39-3.96), and suicide ideation was 1.95 times (95% CI: 1.35-2.82) in single-person compared to multi-person households. Our results lead us to conclude that poor dietary intake in middle-aged single-person households affects the mental health, and the above factors should be considered when framing the dietary policy.

참외는 동북아시아 지역에서 대부분 재배되고 있고, 한국에 서 주로 생산되는 과일로서 단위면적당 수확량은 지속적으로 향상되고 있지만 재배방식은 토경재배에 국한되어 있기 때문 에 규모화, 생력화를 위한 수경재배 기술 개발이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 보온부직포를 이용한 수경재배로 참외를 재배할 때 영양생장기 배양액 내 질산태질소 비율에 따른 참외 생육 의 변화를 확인했다. 배양액에서 질산태질소 비율이 증가할 수록 초장은 길어지고, 엽장, 엽폭, 절간장도 함께 증가하였다. 생육 30일차의 SPAD값은 질산태질소 비율이 증가할수록 감 소하였다. 질산태질소 비율에 낮을수록 암꽃 개화가 빨리 되 었고, 과실 성숙에서는 처리 간 차이가 없었다. 질산태질소 비 율에 따른 과실의 형태는 차이가 없었고, 경도는 질산태질소 의 비율이 낮을수록 높아 과실이 단단하였다. 3월에서 7월까 지 총 수확량은 KM3 5,650kg/10a, KM1 4,439kg/10a로 KM3가 27% 높았고 특히, 참외 가격이 높은 3월에서 5월까지 수량은 KM3가 KM1보다 36% 높았다. 따라서 12월 정식되 어 봄철부터 생산되는 참외의 수경재배에 적합한 질산태질소는 6.5－10me·L-1 수준으로 공급하는 것이 적당할 것으로 판 단되었다.

본 연구는 소맥 위주 사료에 xylanase 효소제의 첨가가 육성돈의 사양성적, 영양소 소화율, 혈액성상, 분 중 휘발 성 지방산 및 암모니아성 질소 농도에 미치는 영향을 알 아보기 위하여 실시하였다. 총 192두(4처리, 8반복, 반복당 6두)의 육성돈(25.14±0.11 kg)을 공시하여 xylanase 첨가수 준(0, 0.0125, 0.025, 0.0375%)으로 6주간 사양시험을 실시 하였다. xylanase의 첨가수준이 증가함에 따라 전체 사양 구간에서의 일당증체량(ADG), 일일사료섭취량(ADFI) 및 사료요구율(FCR)이 유의적으로 개선되는 효과를 나타냈 다(p<005). 영양소 소화율에 있어서, xylanase 첨가수준이 증가함에 따라 phase Ⅰ에서는 건물 및 에너지, phase Ⅱ 에서는 조단백질 소화율이 유의적으로 개선되었으며, 또 한 육성돈의 혈중 GLU 농도는 사료 내 xylanase의 첨가 수준이 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 증가하는 효과를 보였 다(p<0.05). 반면에, 휘발성 지방산 및 암모니아성 질소 농 도에서 xylanase의 유의적인 첨가효과는 나타나지 않았다 (p>0.05). 결론적으로, 소맥 위주의 사료 내 xylanase의 첨 가는 육성돈의 사양성적, 영양소 소화율 및 혈중 GLU 농 도를 증가시키는데 긍정적인 효과를 보였으며, 육성돈 사 료내 소맥을 주원료로 사용할 경우 xylanse의 적정 첨가 수준은 0.0375%으로 사료된다.

Concentration of nitrogen, one of the major elements, and ratio of two nitrogen forms (NH4 + and NO3 –) in the nutrient solution affect the quality and food safety of fresh vegetable produce. This study was conducted to find an appropriate strength and NH4 +:NO3 – ratio of a nutrient solution for growth and development of a Romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longiflora) ‘Caesar Green’, a representative leafy vegetable, grown in a home hydroponic system. In the first experiment, plants were grown using three types of nutrient solution: A commercial nutrient solution (Peters) and two strengths (GNU1 and GNU2) of a multipurpose nutrient solution (GNU solution) developed in a Gyeongsang National University lab. Plants grown with the GNU1 and GNU2 had greater shoot length, leaf length and width, and biomass yield than Peters. On the other hand, the root hairs of plants grown with Peters were short and dark in color. Tissue NH4 + content in the Peters was higher than that of the GNU1 and GNU2. The higher contents of NH4 + in this solution may have caused ammonium toxicity. In the second experiment, eight treatment solutions, combining GNU1 and GNU2 solutions with four ratios of NO3 –:NH4 + named as 1, 2, 3 and 4 were used. Both experiments showed more growth in the GNU2 group, which had a relatively low ionic strength of the nutrient solution. The growth of Romaine lettuce showed the greatest fresh weight along with low tissue NO3 – content in the GNU2-2. This was more advantageous in terms of food safety in that it suppressed the accumulation of surplus NO3 – in tissues due to the low ionic strength of the GNU2 subgroup. In addition, this is preferable in that it can reduce the absolute amount of the input of inorganic nutrients to the nutrient solution.

Sucrose (suc) is a disaccharide that consists of glucose (glu) and fructose (fru). It is a carbohydrate source that acts as a nutrient molecule and a molecular signal that regulates gene expression and alters metabolites. This study aimed to evaluate whether suc-specific signaling induces an increase in bioactive compounds by exogenous suc absorption via roots or whether other factors, such as osmotic stress or biotic stress, are involved. To compare the osmotic stress induced by suc treatment, 4-week-old cultured mugwort plants were subjected to Hoagland nutrient solution with 10 mM, 30 mM, and 50 mM of suc or mannitol (man) for 3 days. Shoot fresh weight in suc and man treatments was not significantly different from the control. Both man and suc treatments increased the content of bioactive compounds in mugwort, but they displayed different enhancement patterns compared to the suc treatments. Mugwort extract treated with suc 50 mM effectively protected HepG2 liver cells damaged by ethanol and t-BHP. To compare the biotic stress induced by suc treatment, 3-week-old mugwort plants were subjected to microorganism and/or suc 30 mM with Hoagland nutrient solution. Microorganisms and/or suc 30 mM treatments showed no difference about the shoot fresh weight. However, sugar content in mugwort treated with suc 30 mM and microorganism with suc 30 mM treatment was significantly higher than that of the control. Suc 30 mM and microorganism with suc 30 mM were effective in enhancing bioactive compounds than microorganism treatment. These results suggest that mugwort plants can absorb exogenous suc via roots and the enhancement of bioactive compounds by suc treatment may result not from osmotic stress or biotic stress because of microorganism, but by suc-specific signaling.

Livestock production costs are heavily influenced by the cost of feed, The use of domestically grown forages is more desirable for livestock feed production. As part of this study, triticale, which is an extremely palatable and easily cultivable crop in Korea, was used to produce low moisture silage bales with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and then stored for different periods. We examined the nutrient content of silage, such as crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), as well as their organic acids, including lactic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid, at different storage periods. The nutrient content of silages, such as crude protein, ADF, and NDF, did not change significantly throughout storage periods. Organic acid data indicated that lactic acid concentrations increased with increasing moisture contents and storage periods up to nine months. However, further extending storage to 12 months resulted in a reduction in the lactic acid content of all silages as well as an increase in their pH. Based on the present results, it suggested that the production of low moisture silage with the LAB may be able to preserve and maintain its quality without altering its nutritional composition. Also, the lactate content of the silage remained significant for at least nine months.

A field experiment was conducted at Chishaka, Wedza district in the province of Mashonaland East, Zimbabwe during the 2020/2021 cropping season to determine effect of integrated nutrient management (INM) on cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) yields, net returns, and residual soil fertility. A total of six treatments were evaluated in a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with five replications. Treatments comprised T1 (control, 100% recommended chemical fertilizer), T2 (25% Cattle manure + 25% Chicken manure + 50% Ammonium nitrate), T3 (50% Compound S + 50% Chicken manure), T4 (50% Compound S + 25% Goat manure + 25% Chicken manure), T5 (farmer practice, 75% Compost + 25% Chicken manure), and T6 (50% Compost + 50% Chicken manure). All rates of organic manures were applied based on N equivalence. The soil was sandy loam with low soil organic carbon (1.28%), nitrogen (0.175%), and phosphorus (6.59 mg/kg) for all experimental plots. Results indicated that INM significantly improved soil and crop productivity. INM treatments T4, T3, and T2 recorded significantly maximum yield and yield components which were statistically at par. These treatments also gave the best strategy to improve major soil nutrients and maintain soil fertility. Similarly, the maximum net profit was obtained from combined application of treatments T4, T3, and T2. Treatment with 100% chemical fertiliser gave relatively lower yields and net benefit value than T4, T3, and T2. These results indicate that INM has the great potential to reduce the use of chemical fertilisers without decreasing soil fertility or crop yields. Therefore smallholder resource constrained farmers can adopt INM as a strategy, to enhance resource use efficiency and sustain soil health and crop productivity for improved livelihoods.

The home hydroponic system used in this experiment supplied the nutrient solution using the ebb and flow-type system, and the supply time, interval, and water levels of the nutrient solutions were fixed. This experiment was conducted to find a more favorable growth medium for plant growth in the hydroponic system. The medium used in the experiment was of two types, phenolic foam and rockwool, and the heights were 28 and 38 mm, respectively. As for the the multipurpose nutrient solutions (GNU1 and GNU2) were prepared in the lab. The composition of the GNU1 and GNU2 was the same, and there was a difference between 100 and 70% in ion concentrations. The plants used were Ssamchoo (Brassica lee ssp. namai) and Romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longiflora). First, in the physicochemical measurements of the empty medium, change in the pH and EC of the distilled water passing through the medium was less in the rockwool than in the phenolic foam. This indicates that there is less change in the chemical properties of the nutrient solution due to the medium when rockwool is used. After hydroponic culture of Ssamchoo and Romaine lettuce, the medium showed more residual salts in Romaine lettuce. Both Ssamchoo and Romaine lettuce showed less salt accumulation in rockwool. The emergence rate was significantly higher in rockwool for both species. The lower height of the medium, the faster the emergence was. Ssamchoo displayed significantly higher fresh weight (124.7%), shoot length (107.6%), and leaf width (107.9%) when grown in GNU1, but there were no significant differences as affected by the medium. However, in Romaine lettuce, the type and height of the medium resulted in significant differences. The fresh weight of Romaine lettuce was significantly higher in rockwool (119.6%) than in phenolic foam, and significantly higher at 38 (114.6%) than 28 mm. Although there is a difference depending on the species, rockwool is more suitable for the ebb and flow-type system than phenolic foam, and the height of 38 is more advantageous than 28 mm.

본 연구에서는 파프리카(Capsicum annuum L.) ‘Scirocco’ 품종 수경재배 시 배액 재사용 여부에 따른 순환식 재배와 비 순환식 재배 및 배지 종류가 배액의 양분 이온 변화 양상과 생 육에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 파프리카의 파종은 2021년 8 월 19일에, 정식은 2021년 9월 16일, 순환식 및 비순환식의 재 배 방식 적용은 2021년 10월 21일에 시행하였다. 배액 내 양 분 분석 결과, Na+와 Cl‒은 작물이 제대로 흡수하지 않는 대표 적은 이온으로써 생육이 진전될수록 순환식 재배방식에서 집 적되었다. 또한 배액 내 NH4-N의 함량이 NO3-N의 함량에 비 해 현저히 낮으므로 파프리카의 이온 선택성으로 인해 NO3-N 보다 NH4-N이 우선 흡수되는 것으로 생각된다. 파프리카의 생육 및 과실 특성은 배액 재사용 여부와 배지의 종류에 따른 처리 간의 차이가 크지 않았다. 결론적으로 순환식과 비순환 식의 수경재배 방식, 코이어와 암면의 배지 종류에 따른 파프 리카 수경 재배 시 중기 이후의 세력 약화로 인한 착과 불량을 유의하여 관리한다면 처리 간의 차이가 크지 않으므로 농가의 실정에 맞는 재배 방식과 배지를 선택하여 파프리카를 생산할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 다만 최근 환경오염에 대한 관심이 높아진 만큼 배액 재사용에 따른 병원균 감염 등을 잘 관리한 다는 가정 하에서 순환식 재배 방식을 채택해도 수량 감소나 품질 저하 등은 우려하지 않아도 될 것이라 판단되며, 폐기 문 제가 발생하는 암면 대신 코이어 배지를 선택한다면 더욱 환 경오염 감소에 기여할 수 있으리라 기대된다.

본 연구에서는 양액재배 시 발생되는 폐양액의 적절한 농업 적 이용방안을 강구하기 위해 폐양액의 비료 효과시험, 토양 컬럼 시험, 그리고 작물 재배시험을 수행하였다. 폐양액의 비 료 효과시험은 무기질소를 기준으로 질소비료와 폐양액의 토 양 처리에 따른 열무의 생육특성과 토양의 화학적 특성을 조 사하였다. 폐양액 비료 효과시험과 작물 재배시험을 위한 토양에 대한 폐양액의 처리는 무처리; A, 질소비료 100%; B, 질 소비료 70%+폐양액 30%; C, 질소비료 50%+폐양액 50%; D, 질소비료 30%+폐양액 70%; E 총 5개 처리구로 하였다. 토양컬럼 시험을 위한 토양에 대한 폐양액의 처리는 무처리, 질 소비료 100%, 폐양액 50%+질소비료 50% 3개 처리구로 하 였다. 폐양액의 화학성은 pH 6.0, EC 2.4dS·m-1, 총인(T-P) 28mg·L-1, 암모늄태 질소(NH4-N) 5.0mg·L-1, 질산태 질소 (NO3-N) 301mg·L-1로 나타났다. 토양의 화학성은 pH 5.51, EC 0.31dS·m-1, 유기물 2.08g·kg-1, 질산태 질소 9.64mg·kg-1, 암모늄태 질소 3.20mg·kg-1으로 나타났다. 질소비료 50% 이 하와 폐양액 50% 이상의 비율이 열무 생육에 효과가 높은 것 으로 나타났다. 폐양액을 질소비료와 함께 혼합하여 적용한 C-E 처리구에서 토양의 이화학성은 질소비료만을 적용한 B 처 리구와 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 토양컬럼 시험 결과 질소비료 100%와 폐양액 50%+질산비료 50% 처리구의 NO3 와 NH4의 농도는 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 폐양액을 화 학비료의 표준시비량을 기준으로 이용하여 토양에 처리하면 토양 내 질소 성분의 이동과 주변의 영향은 일반 화학비료와 유 사하게 나타나는 것으로 판단된다. 열무 토경재배에 폐양액과 질소비료를 혼합하여 사용하면 폐양액의 재이용으로 환경적 부담도 줄일 수 있고, 질소비료의 사용량도 줄일 수 있어 농가에 경제적 부담 감소와 열무 생산량 증대 효과도 기대할 수 있다.