2019년부터 2023년까지 서울지역에 유통되는 식약공용 농·임산물 60품목 1,340건을 대상으로 ICP-MS와 수은분 석기, 모니어-월리엄스 변법을 사용하여 중금속(납, 카드 뮴, 비소, 수은) 및 이산화황의 함량을 조사하고 위해성 평 가를 수행하였다. 중금속의 평균 검출량 및 범위는 납 0.327 mg/kg (ND-36.933), 카드뮴 0.083 mg/kg (ND-1.700), 비소 0.075 mg/kg (ND-2.200), 수은 0.004 mg/kg (ND- 0.047)으로 나타났다. 품목별은 2023년에 복령 1건에서 납 이 36.933 mg/kg으로 기준을 초과하였고 카드뮴은 2022년 에 구절초 2건이 각각 1.700 mg/kg, 0.650 mg/kg으로 기준 를 초과하였다. 나머지 품목은 모두 허용기준 이내였다. 이 산화황의 평균 검출량 및 범위는 0.75 mg/kg (ND-192.00)이 였으며, 2019년에 천마 2건에서 각각 192.00 mg/kg과 42.00 mg/kg으로 기준치을 초과하였다. 약용부위별 중금속 평균 검출량은 납은 버섯류(1.377 mg/kg), 카드뮴은 수·근피 류(0.156 mg/kg)와 등목류(0.144 mg/kg), 비소는 엽류 (0.149 mg/kg), 수은은 전초류(0.009 mg/kg), 엽류(0.009 mg/ kg)에서 높게 검출되었다. 이산화황 평균 검출량은 근경류 (4.12 mg/kg)에서 높게 검출되었다. 원산지별로 중금속 및 이산화황 함량을 비교한 결과, 납, 카드뮴 및 수은은 국내 산, 중국산, 중국 외 수입산 간에 차이는 없었으나, 비소 와 이산화황은 중국산이 국내산과 중국 외 수입산보다 높 게 검출되었다. 위해성 평가 결과, 납은 대부분의 품목에 서 노출안전역(MOE)값이 1보다 커서 인체 위해성이 낮았 지만, 복령에서 MOE 값이0.66으로 1보다 낮아 위해성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 카드뮴, 비소 및 수은의 위해도(HI) 는 각각 0.2740-1.0702%, 0.0049-0.0335% 및 0.0041- 0.0287%로 매우 낮은 수준으로 평가되었다. 이산화황의 위해도(HI)는 모든 품목에서1을 초과하지 않아 안전한 수 준이었다. 앞으로도, 식약공용 농·임산물의 안전성에 대한 지속적인 관심과 모니터링이 필요하다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze effect of Army Risk Assessment System(ARAS) which is used to prevent safety accident in ROK army. Based on prior research, we select 4 indicators which are related to accident prevention effect and analyze the differences before and after ARAS operation for each indicators by using Paired-Samples T-Test. Also, we analyze the correlation between degree of ARAS operation and status of safety accidents of 112 ROK Army units. We conduct an evaluation of each function within the system using IPA method. The results of this study are as follows; All 4 indicators are improved compared to before ARAS operation, and the differences are statistically significant. Also, there is negative correlation between the degree of ARAS operation and the occurrence of safety accidents. So, the operation of ARAS has a positive effect on preventing safety accidents. Finally among the 15 functions of ARAS, 4 functions require improvement. The findings of this study have implications for proposing necessity of computerized system in enforcing Risk Assessment. Also, whether or not operating ARAS is important, but it is also important to operate it well. Lastly, We propose improvement plans for each function to operate it well.

본 연구에서는 서울 북부지역에서 유통된 1,737건의 농 산물을 대상으로 잔류농약 실태 조사 및 위해성 평가를 하였다. 분석 시료는 QuEChERS 법으로 전처리한 후 GCMS/ MS 및 LC-MS/MS를 이용하여 분석하였으며, 다빈도 부적합 성분을 대상으로 직선성과 정량한계, 회수율, 상대 표준편차(RSD%) 구한 결과 OECD 및 Codex의 기준에 적 합하였다. 또한 모니터링 결과 72품목 560건(32.2%)에서 잔류농약이 검출되었으며 22품목 38건(2.2%)이 잔류농약 허 용치를 초과하였다. 잔류농약이 많이 검출된 품목은 과일류 53.8%, 채소류 33.0%, 허브류 28.6%, 두류 15.4%, 곡류가 10.5% 순이였으며, 잔류농약 허용치를 초과한 품목은 채소 류 중 엽채류, 엽경채류, 근채류, 향신료 및 버섯 등이었다. 검출된 농약은 105종으로 그 중, dinotefuran, fluxametamide, chlorfenapyr, azoxystrobin, carbendazim이 가장 많이 검출되 었으며, terbufos, carbendazim, fluxametamide 등 23종의 성 분에서 잔류 허용기준이 초과되었다. 잔류허용기준을 초 과한 농약에 대해 위해 평가를 수행한 결과 위해 지수가 0.00003-1.31406%로 매우 낮은 수준으로 산출되어 안전한 것으로 평가되었다.

This study evaluated the importance of assessing personal exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by monitoring indoor, outdoor, and personal VOC levels in 15 Seoul residents over a 3-month period using passive samplers. Results indicated that limonene had the highest concentrations across indoor, outdoor, and personal samples, with this compound primarily originating from household cleaners and air fresheners. Other VOCs, such as 2-butanone and toluene, also varied by location. Health risk assessments showed that most VOCs had a Hazard Index (HI) below 1, while the HI of individual exposures were relatively higher. Notably, cancer risk assessments for chloroform and ethylbenzene exceeded permissible levels in some scenarios, suggesting potential cancer risks. This underscores the importance of diverse microenvironment monitoring for accurate health risk evaluations, as relying solely on indoor and outdoor levels can underestimate actual exposure risks. This study highlights the need for future research to monitor VOC levels in various microenvironments, in addition to the necessity of investigating personal activity patterns in depth to accurately assess personal exposure levels. Such an approach is crucial for precise health risk assessments, and it provides valuable foundational data for evaluating personal VOC exposures.

Scientific exploration of how occupational health risks relate with occupational illnesses are essential for mitigating health-related issues in industries. This study analyzed the risk scores obtained by occupational health risk assessments at 3,172 manufacturing companies and examined their effects on occupational illness. Statistical analyses revealed that companies with an occupational health manager (scored 89.1 out of 100) had significantly higher activity scores of health management compared to those without (78.2). However, companies with a history of occupational illness (79.1) or those classified as high-risk industries (85.2) had significantly lower activity scores than their counterparts (81.7, 87.3). In addition, regression analyses using factor analysis showed that latent risk factors such as cardiovascular disease/job stress, health management, and musculoskeletal problem significantly influenced the risk of occupational illness. The activity factors such as health management, work environment management, and regulatory complaisance significant impacted the reduction of occupational illness. The findings of this study can be used to improve the occupational health risk assessment method and utilized in effectively managing occupational risks in industries.

The digitization of ship environments has increased the risk of cyberattacks on ships. The smartization and automation of ships are also likely to result in cyber threats. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has discussed the establishment of regulations at the autonomous level and has revised existing agreements by dividing autonomous ships into four stages, where stages 1 and 2 are for sailors who are boarding ships while stages 3 and 4 are for those not boarding ships. In this study, the level of a smart ship was classified into LEVELs (LVs) 1 to 3 based on the autonomous levels specified by the IMO. Furthermore, a risk assessment for smart ships at various LVs in different risk scenarios was conducted The cyber threats and vulnerabilities of smart ships were analyzed by dividing them into administrative, physical, and technical security; and mitigation measures for each security area were derived. A total of 22 cyber threats were identified for the cyber asset (target system). We inferred that the higher the level of a smart ship, the greater the hyper connectivity and the remote access to operational technology systems; consequently, the greater the attack surface. Therefore, it is necessary to apply mitigation measures using technical security controls in environments with high-level smart ships.

본 연구에서는 인천광역시에서 유통 중인 한약재의 안 전성을 확인하기 위해 24품목의 50건을 대상으로 345종 의 잔류농약을 분석하였다. 잔류농약은 미량으로도 인체 의 건강에 해를 가할 수 있는 유해 물질로 주의가 필요하 다. 기준 규격외 다양한 잔류농약 확인을 위해, QuEChERS 법으로 전처리후 분석한 결과, 7품목 24건(48%)의 한약재 에서 총 22종의 잔류농약이 검출되었으며, 농약이 검출된 한약재는 천궁, 택사, 당귀, 백지 순으로 많았다. 검출 농 약 중 2건을 제외하고는 모두 기준이 설정되어 있지 않은 농약이었으나, 위해 평가 결과 안전한 수준으로 확인되었 다. 또한, 동일 품목에서 다빈도로 검출되는 농약을 확인 하여, 해당 품목의 지속적인 잔류농약 모니터링의 필요성 을 시사하였으며, 대한약전의 전처리법에 따른 비교분석 에서도 동일한 농약이 검출되어, QuEChERS법을 이용한 생약의 잔류농약 분석 가능성을 제시하였다. 결과적으로, 소비자 안전을 위해서 기준규격 잔류농약 항목 외에도, 생 약에 대한 지속적인 잔류농약 모니터링과 신뢰성 높은 고 효율 분석법 개발 연구가 계속 필요할 것이다.

In the context of the Ministry of Environment’s 2022 Climate Change Adaptation Plan for Public Institutions, public sewage treatment plants are one of the important targets for climate change response aimed at sustainable water management. In this study, it is applied a modified methodology to four water regeneration centers (public sewage treatment facilities) in charge of sewage treatment in Seoul to analyze the impacts and risks of climate change and discuss priorities for adaptation measures. The results of the study showed that heavy rains, heat waves, and droughts will be the key impacts of climate change, and highlighted the need for measures to mitigate these risks, especially for facility managers.

전 세계적으로 RNA 간섭(RNA interference, RNAi)을 활용한 해충방제제 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 대표적 으로 Monsanto의 서부 옥수수 뿌리벌레(Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) 특이적 방제용 dsRNA (DvSNF7)를 발현하 는 옥수수 종자가 상용화 되었고, 2016년 이 종자가 국내 사료 및 식품용으로 수입이 승인 되었다. 본 연구는 국내 에 서식하는 좁은가슴잎벌레(Phaedon brassicae)를 Non-target 곤충으로 사용하여, 옥수수 종자에 사용된 DvSNF7 dsRNA의 잠재적 위해성을 평가했다. P. brassicae의 SNF7 유전자와 DvSNF7 dsRNA 간 Sequence유사성 을 확인했다. 다음으로 P. brassicae가 DvSNF7 dsRNA를 섭식할 수 있는 환경을 조성하여, 치사 효과 실험과 Sequence특이적인 Knockdown효과를 확인하였다. 그 결과, DvSNF7 dsRNA는 P. brassicae생존에 영향을 미치지 않았으며, P. brassicae의 SNF7유전자를 Knockdown시키지 않음을 확인했다. 이번 연구를 통해 D. virgifera virgifera와 같은 과인 P. brassicae 는 SNF7유전자 간 Sequence유사성이 있지만, Sequence특이성이 부족하여 생존과 유전자 발현에 영향을 주지 않음으로써 위해성이 낮음을 확인했다.

In recent years, deaths and missing people have continuously occurred due to man overboard (MOB) and suicide on passenger ships. However, due to the complex deck structure and enlargement of passenger ships, closed-circuit television (CCTV) coverage is limited, and it is difficult to prevent accidents for all passengers with limited crews. Therefore, a real-time system for detecting high-risk blind spots on passenger ships is needed through risk analysis. This study used a combination of the following three risk factors to calculate and evaluate the risk of MOB and suicide by deck area of the passenger ship: 1) distance away from guard rails, 2) the visibility of CCTV, and 3) ship operating conditions. Based on the survey from experts, risk scores of MOB and suicide accidents by deck area on a passenger ship were yielded.

of hazardous risk factors, risk estimation and determination steps by reflecting the trend of overseas risk assessment. METHODS : In deriving, estimating and determining risk factors, comparing the procedures presented by the ILO with the domestic guidline to find out the differences in procedural. and, According to the domestic manual, after setting the criteria for determining a deterministic perspective, analyze the risk assessment data of a specific domestic company and three overseas risk assessment research data to analyze the differences in methodology domestic and abroad. RESULTS : Within the country, there is a possibility that a deterministic view may be applied to all stages of procedure, and certain corporate data to the risk estimation and determination stage. In the case of overseas, the trend of applying deterministic perspectives to the risk determination stage was confirmed. CONCLUSIONS : Present the need for a standard model for improving deterministic methods in the other two stages, excluding risk determination in the domestic evaluation procedure.

Herbicide-resistant transgenic rapeseed (TG rapeseed) was developed by inserting phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT, bar), a modified gene from the soil bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus, into the genome of a conventional variety of rapeseed (Youngsan). The TG rapeseed used for the test was confirmed to express the PAT gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunostrip. Feeding tests were conducted with Cyprinus carpio to evaluate the environmental risk of TG rapeseed, including the herbicide resistant gene. C. carpio was fed 100% ground rape suspension, TG rapeseed, or non-genetically modified (GM) counterpart rapeseed (Youngsan). As a result, the feeding test showed no significant differences in the cumulative immobility or abnormal response between C. carpio samples fed on TG rapeseed and non-GM counterpart rapeseed. The 48 h-LC50 values of the TG rapeseed and the non-GM counterpart rapeseed were 3,376 mg/L (95 % confidence limits: 3,169 - 3,596 mg/L) and 2,682 mg/L (95 % confidence limits: 2,267 – 3,123 mg/L), respectively. The rape NOEC (no observed effect concentration) value for C. carpio was suggested to be 625 mg/L. Based on these results, there was no significant difference in the toxicity for non-target organisms (C. carpio) between the TG rapeseed and non- GM counterparts.