It is very important to evaluate how the functions of products, facilities, and spaces affect human life. The evaluation of these actions has legal regulations such as certification, inspection, and diagnosis, and the degree of quality, safety, and excellence of the results is announced. This study sought to secure safety through efficient system operation by reviewing safety-related certification systems established and implemented by each government department in Korea and analyzing the characteristics of each system and similarities between systems. There was also an aspect of cross-checking safety through the certification and diagnosis system implemented by each ministry, but it was confirmed that the efficiency of the system should also be considered in terms of overlapping application. Therefore, when securing safety is confirmed based on each safety-related law, active alternatives such as exemption, substitution, delegation, etc. should be presented.

One of the important components of a nuclear fuel cycle facility is a hot cell. Hot cells are engineered robust structures and barriers, which are used to handle radioactive materials and to keep workers, public, and the environment safe from radioactive materials. To provide a confinement function for these hot cells, it is necessary to maintain the soundness of the physical structure, but also to maintain the negative pressure inside the hot cell using the operation of the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. The negative pressure inside the hot cells allows air to enter from outside hot cells and limits the leakage of any contaminant or radioactive material within the hot cell to the outside. Thus, the HVAC system is one of the major components for maintaining this negative pressure in the hot cell. However, as the facility ages, all the components of the hot cell HVAC system are also subject to age-related deterioration, which can cause an unexpected failure of some parts. The abnormal operating condition from the failure results in the increase of facility downtime and the decrease in operating efficiency. Although some major parts are considered and constructed in redundancy and diversity aspects, an unexpected failure and abnormal operating condition could result in reduction of public acceptance and reliability to the facility. With the advent of the 4th Industrial Revolution, prognostics and health management (PHM) technology is advancing at a rapid pace. Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power, Siemens, and other companies have already developed technologies to constantly monitor the integrity of power plants and are applying the technology in the form of digital twins for efficiency and safety of their facility operation. The main point of PHM, based on this study, is to monitor changes and variations of soundness and safety of the operation and equipment to analyze current conditions and to ultimately predict the precursors of unexpected failures in advance. Through PHM, it would be possible to establish a maintenance plan before the failure occurs and to perform predictive maintenance rather than corrective maintenance after failures of any component. Therefore, it is of importance to select appropriate diagnostic techniques to monitor and to diagnose the condition of major components using the constant examination and investigation of the PHM technology. In this study, diagnostic techniques are investigated for monitoring of HVAC and discussed for application of PHM into nuclear fuel cycle facilities with hot cells.

The purpose of this paper is to understand the key factors for efficient maintenance of rapidly aging facilities. Therefore, the safety inspection/diagnosis reports accumulated in the unstructured data were collected and preprocessed. Then, the analysis was performed using a text mining analysis method. The derived vulnerabilities of tunnel facilities can be used as elements of inspections that take into account the characteristics of individual facilities during regular inspections and daily inspections in the short term. In addition, if detailed specification information and other inspection results(safety, durability, and ease of use) are used for analysis, it provides a stepping stone for supporting preemptive maintenance decision-making in the long term.

우리나라에서는 1995년 부터 시설물의 안전관리에 관한 특별법(이하 시특법)이 시행되어 왔다. 그 이후, 우리나라에서는 크고 작은 사건사고가 있었고, 구조적 안전성 확보를 위해 수차례의 법 개정이 있었다. 한국시설안전공단에서는 건축물 정밀안전점검 및 정밀안전진단 보고서를 시특법에 근거해 평가하며 그 결과를 사례집을 통해 주기적으로 발간하고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 안전성 검사 및 진단을 위한 기술 및 제도 개선 방안 도출에 있다. 이를 위해 2011 년부터 2015 년까지 시설안전공단에서 발행한 정밀안전점검 및 정밀안전진단 보고서의 평가 사례 데이터를 비교 분석하였다. 비교 분석 결과를 토대로 정밀안전점검 및 정밀안전진단 수행 중 발생하는 문제의 원인을 파악하기 위해 전문가를 대상으로 한 설문 조사를 실시하였다.

Since 1995 the special act for safety management of public facilities have been enacted in Korea. Since then undergoing safety accidents great and small, legal system was revised several times for safety promotion. As part of its efforts Korea Infrastructure Safety & Technology Corporation have periodically evaluated the building safety inspection or diagnosis reports based on Special Act for Safety Control of Public Structures and published annual casebook. This study investigates and examines the cases of bad or poor reports until now. This paper aims at reasoning out the technical and institutional improvement plan for error-prone problems when safety inspection of buildings.

In recent years, there have been many serious disasters caused by the lack of basic safety and health measures at workplaces, such as chemical poisoning accidents and fire and explosion accidents at large shipyards. At the same time, interest and awareness of the safety of our people is rising. There are several schemes to preemptively remove industrial accidents. Among them, the safety and health diagnosis system that provides the safety and health of the workplace is proposed as an alternative and the system is expanding quantitatively every year by suggesting problems and remedial measures. Therefore, it is very important to secure the safety and health of the workplace through the safety and health diagnosis. However, due to the lack of laws and regulations on safety and health diagnosis system, dumping of diagnosis amount due to the existence of too many diagnosis agencies, lack of expertise of diagnostic workforce, etc. there has been serious disasters in the diagnostic workspaces. In this regard, the reliability of the safety and health diagnosis is questionable. Therefore, in this study, I intend to improve the reliability of safety and health diagnosis by reviving the intention of safety and health diagnosis legislation

The purpose of this study was to investigate the actual conditions of radiation safety supervision in animal clinics using inspection standard of X-ray generator for diagnosis. The surveys for inspection standard system, equipment condition, and safety supervision were carried out in 18 animal clinics randomly. The inspection standard included reproducibility of dose exposure, kVp, mAs, collimator accuracy test, collimator luminance test, X-ray view box luminance test, grounding system equipment test and external leakage current test. The surveys of equipment condition and safety supervision used one-on-one interview with 5 points measurement. As a result, 44.44% of reproducibility of dose exposure was proper, 81.25% of kVp test was good, and 100% of mAs test was appropriate. Also, 66.66% of collimator accuracy test was proper, 61.11% of collimator luminance test was good, 53.13% of X-ray view box luminance test was suitable. In addition, only 5.55% of grounding system equipment and ground resistance was proper, 63.64% of external leakage current test was appropriate in grounding system equipment test. The 100mA electric capacity of X-ray generator for diagnosis was popular with 44.44%, and its 55.56% was purchased used equipment. Monthly average of less than 50 times (61.11%) was top frequency in use, and no animal clinic had a thermo-luminescence dosimeter(TLD). The 16 animal clinics with radiation safety zone and 2 without radiation safety zone were appeared.

In an automated industry PLC plays a central role to control the manufacturing system. Therefore, fault free operation of PLC controlled manufacturing system is essential in order to maximize a firm's productivity. On the contrary, distributed nature of manufacturing system and growing complexity of the PLC programs presented a challenging task of designing a rapid fault finding system for an uninterrupted process operation. Hence, designing an intelligent monitoring, and diagnosis system is needed for smooth functioning of the operation process. In this paper, we propose a method to continuously acquire a stream of PLC signal data from the normal operational PLC-based manufacturing system and to generate diagnosis model from the observed PLC signal data. Consequently, the generated diagnosis model is used for distinguish the possible abnormalities of manufacturing system. To verify the proposed method, we provided a suitable case study of an assembly line.

Since 1995, the facility of class 1 and 2, classified by law had been subject to system of post maintenance management where periodic safety inspection and diagnosis to identify any problems and to take appropriate measures as a matter of urgency. Although the standards and systems had been revised many times for continuous improvement due to surrounding environmental factors, the technical factors and other factors for improvements, continuous researches and efforts are needed to ensure even higher effectiveness. Furthermore, the consciousness of the management body that executes and implements such improvements for facility management is most important. Therefore in this study, through such analysis, more realistic management consciousness review was performed. Also the direction for improvements is proposed, to carry out more effective facility safety management systems implementation.

Need safety diagnostic indicator pointer that is objective as estimation basis to be scientific and manages systematically safety existing condition and level for city gas facilities. Safety diagnostic indicator pointer can divide by greatly two. One is management (Software) side that one that differ with mechanical (Hardware) side that handle laying stress on equipment connected with safety manages organization and management connected with safety. Weight appropriates according to specific gravity that relevant element occupies in facilities. To give so big value in particular element in grant of weight pays attention because break balance of whole guideline and should gives. Finally, efficient safety net may see effect before self-regulation inside by minimum target establishment by government and legal, systematic countermeasure establishment for this, strict law application and each business proprietor and though activity and user's active safety activity forms harmony properly.

To keep enterprise's competitiveness on condition of the automatic manufacturing system such as FA, FMS and CIM, all the maintenance problems should be considered seriously in not only production and maintenance but also related Industrial safety. As we analyze in the surveys for the maintenance management of domestic enterprises and the causes of industrial accident, there will be necessity of drawing up countermeasures for prevention of industrial accidents and for ensuring expertise maintenance technologies. Based on these analyses, this study studied the safety information system, maintenance management information system, and the machinery condition diagnosis technique by using of the knowledge-based system under the internet environment. This web based knowledge-based diagnosis system can easily provide not only the knowledge of expert about deterioration phenomenon of industrial robot, but also the knowledge of relating safety and facility on everywhere, everytime. Therefore, when we use this system, it is expected to improve the efficiency of business processes in the production and safety.

국내의 경우 아파트 등 공동주택의 안전점검과 진단은 2-6년 주기로 수행되고 있다. 하지만 최근 2016년 이후의 안전점검 및 진단 용역의 적법 수행여부에 대한 정부합동점검결과, 공동주택의 부실수행 비율이 매우 높다. 이는 공동주택의 경우 법정 대가기준 대비 평균 1-10% 수준에서 용역이 낙찰되기 때문인 것으로 분석된다. 본 연구에서는 공동주택의 안전전검 및 진단에 대한 결과조사를 바탕으로 업체형태, 협약방식 별로 협약대가, 조사 및 시험의 충실성 등 현황을 분석하였다. 조사대상은 년도, 규모, 지역 등 다양한 변수 분포를 가지며, 이를 바탕으로 공동주택의 안전점검 및 진단의 부실 현황을 분석하였다.

국내의 경우 아파트 등 공동주택의 안전점검과 진단은 주기적으로 수행되고 있지만 부실수행의 비율이 매우 높다. 현재 국내 공동주택 안전점검-진단 세부지침 및 해설서는 시설물 일반 그리고 건축물 일반과 표본층수 산정 방법과 재료시험 수행개수 등이 동일하다. 그러나 공동주택은 일반 건축물과 달리 생애주기 동안에 용도변경이 거의 없으며 하중의 편차가 크지 않는 특성이 있다. 특히 지상 또는 지하주차장의 면적이 넓고 형태가 다양하며, 건설년도에 따라서 지하주차장 시스템이 달라지고 있다. 한편 공동주택은 벽식구조와 골조식 구조로의 전이부가 있거나, 콘크리트의 강도가 건축물 상하부에서 달라 지는 등 여러 가지 고유의 특징을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 공동주택의 주요 특징을 고려하여 공동주택 안전점검 및 진단의 수행방법 개선을 위한 방안을 제안하였다.

In this study, we analyze the policy related to building safety diagnosis and maintenance management and suggest improvement direction of system for building diagnosis. The US has various test methods and laws and regulations standardized on wide territory, so it is excellent in responding to changes in regulations. In the UK, the technology of the building diagnosis related field is advanced through systematic efforts of diagnosis and maintenance of the building. Therefore, it is necessary to establish and revitalize regulations related to building diagnosis and maintenance management, to revise the laws and regulations of related institutions, and to systematically cultivate manpower through specialized agencies related to diagnosis and maintenance.

This paper presents statistics that evaluate the results of a precision safety inspection and precision safety diagnosis over the past five years. The impact and degree of poor inspection and diagnosis were analyzed by dividing contract amount by rate, implementer, and managing body. The purpose of the analysis is to elicit problems and measures in the system.

최근 시설물의 안전 및 유지관리에 관심이 증대되고 있으나, 발주처의 저가발주로 인해 안전진단전문기관은 부실화 되고 부실 점검 및 진단으로 인한 많은 문제점들이 야기되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 실무자들의 인식조사와 사례분석을 통해 실행대가 현황을 고찰하 였으며, 그 결과 정밀안전점검은 대가기준 조정보다는 대가기준의 효율성 증대 및 강제성 강화가 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 또한 정밀안전진단은 연면적 10,000㎡미만 시설물에 대한 대가기준 설계금액을 현재 기준에서 80%로 하향조정하고, 그 이상의 시설물에 대해서는 현행 대가기준을 적용하되, 대가기준의 강제성 강화가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

Recently, interest in the safety and maintenance of the structures is growing. However, due to the low-cost order placed by the ordering organization, the safety diagnosis specialized institution becomes insolvent and many problems have arisen due to insufficient inspection and diagnosis. Therefore, in this study, the current status of bid cost was examined through the survey of the practitioners and case analysis. As a result, Precision safety diagnosis, the criteria cost for structures with a floor area of less than 10,000 ㎡ is lowered to 80 % from the current standard. For structures larger than that, the current criteria cost are applied, but it is deemed necessary to strengthen the rigidity of the criteria cost.