낫또(natto)는 일본의 전통 콩 발효식품으로 혈전용해, 면역증강, 항고혈압, 항비만, 항균, 항산화, 항당뇨등의 다양한 효과를 가지고 있어 소비가 점차 증가하고 있다. 그러나, 낫또용으로 이용되는 콩 품종의 성숙 종실에는 소화 불량, 알러지 유발 및 가공 적성을 저하시키는 P34, lectin, Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor (KTI), 7S α′subunit 및 lipoxygenase 단백질과 같은 항영양성분도 포함되어져 있다. 따라서, 본 연구는 이러한 성분에 대하여 penta null 유전자형(p34leticgy1lox1lox2lox3)을 가지면서 종자 크기가 중소립이고 노란색 종피와 제색이 노란 또는 옅은 갈색을 가진 낫또용 콩 계통을 육성하기 위하여 진행되었다. 64 및 22C1 모본과의 교배를 통하여 제색이 노란 및 옅은 갈색이면서 종자 크기가 소립인 81개의 F2 종자가 선발되었고 그 중에서, P34 단백질 함량이 매우 낮은 18개의 F2 종자가 선발되었다. 18개의 F2 종자로부터 초형, 성숙기, 종피색, 제색 및 백립중이 양호한 2개의 F2 개체(BL1 및 BL2)가 최종 선발되었다. BL1 선발 개체의 성숙기는 중간이었고 종피색은 노란색이며 제색은 연한 갈색을 보였고 백립중은 12.4g으로 소립이었다. BL2 선발 개체는 성숙기가 조생이었고 종피색과 제색은 모두 노란색은 보였으며 백립중은 12.6g으로 소립이었다. 선발된 두 개체는 모두 대표적인 항영양성분인 P34, lectin, KTI, 7S α′subunit 및 lipoxygenase 단백질에 대하여 모두 열성인 penta null 유전자형(p34leticgy1lox1lox2lox3)을 가진 것으로 확인되었다. 선발 개체는 낫또용 콩 품종으로 육성될 수 있을 것으로 사료되었다.
Currently, flies are used to pollinate Welsh onion for seed production. However, the use of flies for pollination has caused problems in Welsh onion seed production due to sanitation issues, smell, and the difficulty of feeding the flies. Therefore, we investigated the effects of pollination with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris), flies (e.g., houseflies, flesh flies, blue bottle flies), mason bees (Osmia cornifrons), honeybees (Apis mellifera) and blowflies (Lucilia illustris) in a small net screen house (2.2m×1.7m×2.5m) for onion seed production. Although the number of flies was about three times than that of other insect pollinators, fies and bumblebees showed equivalent pollination ratios, but the remaining three insect species showed lower values. For the percentage of seed set per umbel, the number of seeds per flower and umbel, bumblebees and flies showed similar results. These results showed that pollination by bumblebees can be used as an alternative approach in breeding Welsh onion. An analysis of the most appropriate colony of bumblebees for use as pollinators for breeding Welsh onion in a small net screen house showed that colony of fifty to eighty bees was the most efficient level. The visiting time on the flower and spending time from a flower to another flower of B. terrestris worker on small net screen house was 2.2 seconds and 1.8 seconds, respectively.
(1) 디이젤기관용 대체연료로서 혼합유가 디이젤유의 연료에 대한 특성을 검토하였다. (2) 혼합유로서 디이젤기관을 운전할 경우 배기가스량은 디이젤유보다 평균 8% 정도 많음을 나타내었다. (3) 혼합유로서 디이젤기관을 운전할 경우 디이젤유에 비하여 연료소비량이 약 3% 정도 증가하였다. (4) 정미열효율에 있어서는 디이젤유와 혼합유는 거의 비슷한 상태를 나타내었다.
‘원흑’은 나물콩 특성이 우수한 고품질 내재해 다수성 신품종육성을 목표로 ‘다원콩’과 ‘진주1호’의 F1에 ‘진주1호’를 다시 교배하여 계통육종법으로 선발한 YS1318B-2B-3-3-3-4-1계통으로 계통명은 익산63호이다.유한신육형으로 꽃색은 자색이고 잎의 모양은 난형이며 종피색과 제색은 흑색이며, 성숙기가 지나도 협개열에 강하다. 성숙기는 10월 4일로 ‘다원콩’보다 10일이 늦은 만숙종으로 경장이 다소 길고, 꼬투리수가 많으며, 종자 100립의 무게는 8.8 g으로 ‘다원콩’보다 작은 소립이다. 바이러스 접종시 모자이크를 보이나 포장에서는 강하며 불마름병은 ‘다원콩’보다 강한 중도저항성을 보였다. 종실의 조단백과 조지방함량은 ‘다원콩’과 비슷하며, 콩나물의 아스파라긴산 함량은 낮았으나 이소플라본 함량이 ‘다원콩’의 2배 이고, GABA 함량이 높은 고기능성 품종이다. 콩나물재배시 경실과 비정상발아율이 낮고 발아율과 배축신장성이 좋으며 수율이 풍산나물콩에 비해 20% 높았다. 수량성은 2007년부터 2009년까지 3년간 실시한 지역적응시험 결과 전국 6개소 평균수량은 ha당 2.34톤으로서 ‘다원콩’보다 128% 증수하였다.
‘소청2호’는 녹색 자엽의 검정콩으로 내재해성이 우수하고 가공용에 적합한 신품종육성을 목표로 숙기가 매우 늦은 대립 검정콩인 ‘밀양78호’와 소립 내재해 도입종인 ‘Peking’을 1996년 인공교배한 YS1262 조합으로 계통육종법으로 선발하였고 계통명은 ‘밀양182호’이다. 꽃은 백색이고 자엽색은 녹색이며, 입형은 장타원형이며 성숙기가 지나면 협의 개열에는 약하다. 성숙기는 10월 2일로 ‘청자콩’과 같이 다소 빠른 품종이며, 경장은 56 cm로 ‘청자콩’보다 10 cm 짧고 100립의 무게는 12.2 g인 소립인 품종이다. 도복에 강하며 포장 재배시험에서 콩모자이크 바이러스병은 다소 발생하였고, 불마름병에 대한 유묘 접종 및 포장반응은 ‘청자콩’과 비슷하나 약한 편이다. 종실성분으로 조단백 함량은 38.8%로 ‘청자콩’보다 다소 낮았고, 종실의 아이소플라본 함량은 2,031㎍/g으로 ‘청자콩’보다 높았다. 청국장 가공적성에서 ‘일품검정콩’보다 발효 정도는 다소 낮으나, 청국장 수율 및 풍취에서 우하였다. ‘소청2호’의 중남부지역 5개소의 평균 수량성은 ha당 2.00톤으로 ‘청자콩’ 대비 7% 증수하였다.
"소황"은 양질 내재해 다수성 나물콩 신품종 육성을 목표로 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원에서 육성한 나물콩 품종으로 주요특성을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. "소황"의 신육형은 유한형, 꽂색은 자색, 엽형은 피침형이며 모용색은 회색이며, 성숙기 꼬투리색은 담갈색이고, 종피색 및 배꼽색은 황색이며, 립형은 구형으로, 꼬투리는 성숙 후에도 잘 터지지 않는다. 2. "소황"의 성숙기는 9월 29일로 대비품종인 풍산나물콩 보다 10일 빠른 중생종이며, 100립중은 8
A new sprout-soybean cultivar, “oseo”was developed at the Honam Agricultural Research Institute (HARI) in 2007. Hoseo was selected from a cross between Camp and Nattosan. The preliminary, advanced, and regional yield trials to evaluate the performance of Iksan 57 were carried out from 2003 to 2007. This cultivar has a determinate growth habit with purple flower, grayish brown pubescence, yellow seed coat, grayish brown hilum, rhomboid leaflet shape and small seed size (7.4 g/100 seeds). The maturity date of “oseo”is 12 days earlier than the check variety, “ungsan” It has good seed quality for soybean-sprout and resistance to lodging. This cultivar has resistance to soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and necrotic symptom (SMV-N). The average yield of “oseo”was 2.51 ton per hectare in the regional yield trials (RYT) for double cropping carried out for three years from 2005 to 2007.
Lipoxygenase is responsible for the beany flavor and soybean kunitz trypsin inhibitor protein is responsible for the inferior nutritional quality of unheated or incompletely heated soybean meal. Anthocyanins from black soybean seed coat are known to have many pharmaceutical effect. The object of this study is to select black soybean genotype with absence of lipoxygenase-2,3 (Lx1Lx1lx2lx2lx3lx3) and small seed size. Two cultivars (“Seomoktae” and "Gaechuck#1") were used. "Seomoktae" cultivar has the traits of small seed size, black seed coat, green cotyledon and lipoxygenase protein. "Gaechuck#1" has the traits of big seed size, black seed coat, green cotyledon and lipoxygenase free protein. In the F2 population, the several plants with small seed size and lipoxygenase free protein were selected. In F3 and F4 generation, seed size and lipoxygenase protein was comfirmed from the bulked seed harvested at field. The F5 seeds with small seed size and Lx1Lx1lx2llx2lx3lx3 genotype were planted in the field. Several agronomic traits were evaluated. The lines with appropriate agronomic traits were selected.
A new sprout-soybean cultivar, "Jonam" was developed at the Honam Agricultural Research Institute (HARI) in 2006. Jonam was selected from a cross between Eunhakong and Jeonju-I1. The preliminary, advanced, and regional yield trials for evaluation and selection of this line (Iksan 48) were carried out from 2002 to 2006. This cultivar has a determinate growth habit with purple flower, grayish brown pubescence, grayish brown hilum, lanceolate leaflet shape and small seed size (9.6 grams per 100 seeds). The maturity date of "Jonam" is 18 days earlier than that of the check variety, "Pungsan". It has good seed quality for soybean-sprout and resistance to lodging. This cultivar has resistance to soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and necrotic symptom(SMV-N). The average yield of "Jonam" was 2.57 ton per hectare in the regional yield trials for double cropping carried out for three years from 2004 to 2006.
A new black seed coat soybean variety, “Socheong” was developed at the Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute (YARI) in 2006. The goal to breed the black seed coat soybean is to develop the cultivar with high yield, lodging tolerance, resistant to disease such as soybean mosaic virus (SMV), and bacterial pustule and seed size. Socheong was selected from the cross between Milyang 78, which was late maturing, susceptible to lodging and SMV and with large seed size and green cotyledon, and Peking which was tolerant to lodging and with small seed size. The preliminary, advanced and regional yield trials for evaluation and selection of this variety were carried out from 2002 to 2006. It has determinate growth habit, white flower, brown pubescence, brown pod color, black seed coat, green cotyledon, elongated flattened seed shape, oval leaf shape and small seed size (15.7 grams per 100 seeds), and it was 3 days later in maturity than the check cultivar Cheongjakong. Socheong was higher, in the seed quality of sucrose and total sugar contents (6.8 and 8.2%) and isoflavone contents (1,754 ㎍/g) than the check cultivar. Futhermore, it has good characteristics for mechanical harvest, such as lodging tolerance, pod shattering and stem diameter. It also has been identified to have resistance to soybean mosaic virus symptom which was the troublesome soybean diseases. The average yield of Socheong was 2.21 ton per hectare in the regional yield trials carried out in four locations of Korea among seven locations from 2004 to 2006, which was 5 percent lower than the check cultivar Cheongjakong.
A new sprout-soybean cultivar, “Wonhwang” was developed at the Honam Agricultural Research Institute (HARI) in 2005. Wonhwang was selected from a cross between Camp and Myeongjunamulkong. The preliminary, advanced, and regional yield trials for evaluation and selection of Iksan45 were carried out from 2001 to 2005. This cultivar has a determinate growth habit with purple flower, grayish brown pubescence, grayish brow hilum, lanceolate leaflet shape and small seed size (10.0 grams per 100 seeds). The maturity date of Wonhwang is 7 days earlier than that of the check variety, Pungsan. It has good seed quality for soybean-sprout, and resistance to lodging. It has also been identified to have resistance to soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and necrotic symptom(SMV-N). The average yield of “Wonhwang” was 2.80MT/ha, which was higher by 4% than “Pungsannamulkong” at the regional yield trials.