본 연구는 대학의 ‘정신 건강’ 프로그램의 가족 참여가 학생에게 미치 는 영향을 탐구하는 것이다. 가족과 학생 및 교사를 대상으로 질적 사례 연구 방법을 활용하였다. 가족, 학생 및 교사를 대상으로 하여 관찰, 심 층 인터뷰 및 문헌 수집을 통해 데이터를 얻었다. 이에 대한 연구 결과 는 첫째, 가족의 무시와 사회적 압력은 대학생 정신건강 문제의 ‘보이지 않는 촉매제’로 작용하며, 학생들은 외부 압력에 대응하기 위해 ‘마음의 벽을 쌓는’ 형태로 자신을 보호하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 가족 구성원 간의 신뢰와 상호작용 부족, 거리감과 압박감이 존재하며, 이는 ‘거리를 둔 가족 관계’의 결과물로 보인다. 셋째, 교사는 ‘소통의 다리 역 할’을 수행하여, 부모가 ‘경청과 동반’을 통해 자녀의 감정 표현을 이해 하도록 유도함으로써 가족 간 ‘마음의 소통’을 점진적으로 실천하도록 지 원하였다. 이러한 연구 결과는 가족 참여가 대학생의 정신건강 문제와 가족 관계를 개선하는 데 도움이 되고 있음을 보여준다. 그러므로 대학 은 학생들의 정신 건강 수준을 향상시키기 위해 가족 참여한 ‘정신 건강’ 프로그램을 지속적으로 추진해야 한다.

This study investigated dietary behaviors, nutrient intake, and quality of life among elderly individuals living alone compared to those in multi-person households. Data were obtained from 5,311 individuals aged 65 years and older who participated in the 2015-2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Nutritional intake was assessed by analyzing the proportion of individuals with insufficient intake relative to the Korean Dietary Reference Intakes (KDRIs) and the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR). Quality of life was measured using the EQ- 5D instrument. The results showed that single-person households were more likely to be female, older, and have lower income and education levels compared to multi-person households. Additionally, single-person households were more likely to skip breakfast, eat at places other than home, eat alone, and dine out less frequently. Nutritional intake was lower among elderly individuals living alone. Furthermore, after adjusting for relevant variables, single-person households were significantly more likely to report poor quality of life (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.07-1.28)—defined as being in the lowest 20% of EQ-5D scores—compared to those in multi-person households. The findings highlight the need for targeted nutritional support and policy interventions to improve dietary intake and quality of life among elderly single-person households.

A digital twin (DT) is a virtual model designed to accurately reflect a physical object. We examine the economic benefits of digital aqua twin platform technology, which is applied to aquaculture to optimize production of cultured olive flounder and eel in South Korea. The economic benefits consist of two parts: (1) the benefits from technology development and (2) the benefits from technology adoption. The findings reveal that the benefits from technology development are greater than those from technology adoption. This implies that it is necessary to consider the former, which is often ignored in the previous literature, in quantifying the economic benefits of information technology.

Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) is applied to analyze the coherent structure of three-dimensional cylinder wake flow. The flow field data, such as velocity and pressure as functions of time, was obtained by the incompressible CFD analysis. The resulting CFD data was then used to determine eigenvalues, POD modes, and time coefficients through POD process. The flow field was approximately reconstructed using some of lower POD modes. The three-dimensional field reconstructed using the low-order model was found to be in good agreement with the original. This verifies that low-dimensional modeling of complex flow fields is fully possible.

In order support the design support system of small and medium-sized shipbuilding companies that carry out designs using 2D CAD, this study developed a system that automatically calculates the cable length by extracting the Y-axis value expressed as text data in 2D CAD. By setting the equipment where the cable starts and ends, the essential route and the installation rate were checked so that the optimal route of the cable could be calculated. As a result, the value calculated based on the optimal route and length of the cable by extracting the data of 2D CAD through this study was the same as the value previously calculated by the actual user, and the installation rate was less than 130% so there was no problem with the on-site installation. In addition, it was confirmed that the cable length calculated through this was reduced by about 7% compared to the existing work.

This study conducted an acute toxicity assessment using Daphnia magna to evaluate the potential for increased toxicity when pharmaceuticals persist in aquatic environments not as single substances but in mixed forms. In single-substance toxicity tests, the antibiotics clarithromycin and sulfamethoxazole showed EC50 values of 22.3 mg L-1 and 61.05 mg L-1, respectively. However, the EC50 for the mixture of the two substances was determined to be 31.1 mg L-1. Based on these findings, applying the Similar Mode of Action (MOA) equation from the QSAR Toolbox, as recommended by OECD non-testing methods, produced an estimated EC50 of 33.7 mg L-1 for the mixture, showing a difference of 8.5% compared to the experimental value. This study confirms that combined exposure to pharmaceuticals can increase toxicity due to synergistic effects, indicating a significant potential risk to aquatic ecosystems. According to the UN-GHS classification criteria, clarithromycin, sulfamethoxazole, and their mixture were all classified as Category 3, indicating potential toxicity to aquatic organisms. These results emphasize the importance of toxicity assessments that consider interactions between multiple contaminants in real environmental settings, contributing to the development of effective toxicity evaluation and management strategies for the protection of aquatic ecosystems.

본 연구는 수도권 소재 D 대학을 중심으로 대학생활 적응양상(대인관 계, 학업활동, 진로준비, 개인심리, 사회체험)에 따른, 잠재계층을 분류하 고 그 영향요인(성별, 나이, 학년, 계열, 전형유형)을 살펴보려는 목적으 로 실시되었다. 연구 대상은 D대학에 재학중인 597명의 대학생이 포함 되었다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 설명변수, 영향변수 간의 상관분 석에서 GPA(학업성취도)는 대인관계를 제외한 모든 대학생활적응 하위영 역과 통계적으로 유의한 관계가 있었으며, 상관계수는 정적으로 나타났 다. 둘째, 잠재계층분석에서는 4개의 집단으로 유형화되었다. 연구 대상 의 55%는 중도형 대학생활적응 집단(계층 1), 11%는 소극형 대학 생활 적응 집단(계층 2), 27%는 적극형 대학생활적응 집단(계층 3), 7%는 선 택형 대학생활적응 집단(계층 4)로 구분되었다. 셋째, 잠재계층 간 비교 에서는 계층3, 계층1, 계층2 형태는 성취 및 만족도 차이가 순서대로 낮 게 나타났으나, 계층 4의 경우는 성적 및 취업을 제외한 다른 영역에서 는 활동 및 참여가 적은 모습을 보였다. 본 연구는 입학유형에 따른 학 생들의 잠재적 특성을 밝혀내어, 이에 맞는 효과적인 학교생활적응 지원 방안을 모색하고자 하는 데 의의가 있다.

This study aims to propose new grading standards that can be applied to AI-based automatic sorting machines, reflecting current distribution and consumption trends. The current domestic grading standards for onions in South Korea are based on the “Agricultural and Fishery Products Quality Control Act”. They classify onions based on criteria such as uniformity, shape, color, and the presence of foreign matter. Onion grading standards are divided into four categories based on bulb diameter and weight. However, in the actual domestic market, onions are distributed according to a five-grade classification based on bulb diameter. Therefore, this study classified onions into eight grades, reflecting current distribution and consumption trends in the domestic market. These grades are applicable to AI-based automatic sorting machines. Marketable onions were classified into A1 (extra large) to A5 (extra small) based on the diameter of a single bulb. Onions used for non-marketable purposes (processing) were classified as grade B. Additionally, grade C and grade D were designated for processing and disposal, respectively. By establishing quality grading classifications that align with current distribution and consumption market trends as well as the operational characteristics of AI-based automatic sorting machines, we can expect improvements in work efficiency and reductions in distribution costs. Following this study, it will be necessary to establish comprehensive quality grading standards that include both external criteria (such as bulb weight and size) and internal criteria (such as detection of internal decay and disease occurrence).

In this paper, we deal with the design of a model predictive control (MPC) for precise speed servo control of DC motor systems. The proposed controller is designed in the form of optimal control that calculates and outputs the optimized control input under constraints for each sampling. In particular, MPC designs the control inputs in advance for each sampling and predicts the outputs using them. Thus, it shows excellent control performance even in the case of disturbance or model uncertainty. The effectiveness of the proposed controller was demonstrated through computer simulations using MATLAB/Simulink and DC motor experimental system using real time controller. Moreover, the effectiveness of the proposed controller was confirmed by comparing its control performance with PID controller, which was tested under the same experimental condition as the MPC.

한반도의 Donacia속에는 2아속에 속하는 6종이 있다(An, 2019). 이 중 Chujo (1941)는 북한 함경북도 웅기에서 채집한 표본을 D. aquatica (Linnaeus, 1758)로 보고하였고, Kimoto and Kawase (1966)는 D. japana로 표기하여 보고하였다. 그리고 Hayashi (2020)는 한국에 기록된 D. japana가 D. aquatica로 오인되었을 수 있다고 밝혔다. 이러한 혼란을 해결하기 위해 본 연구는 한국(포천과 울산)에서 채집한 표본과 D. japana에 대한 기재문, 수컷생식기와 같은 형태적인 부분(Hayashi, 2020), COI 유전자 염기서열을 비교하였다. 그 결과로 한반도에 기록된 D. japana은 D. aquatica로 대체되고, D. japana는 일본 고유종이라고 결론을 내리고자 한다.

This study was conducted to analyze the productivity and economic feasibility of truss-limited tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) grown at a high density in Cambodia during the rainy season. During the rainy season in Cambodia, due to excessive rain and very high temperature, tomatoes cannot grow well in an open field, leading to a greatly reduced yield. High density truss-limited cultivation (HDTLC) of tomatoes can shorten the growing season and increase yields. In conventional cultivation (control), tomatoes were transplanted at a spacing of 70×40 cm and harvested up to the 4th fruit cluster. In HDTLC, tomatoes were transplanted at a spacing of 20×20 cm or 25×25 cm and harvested up to the 2nd fruit cluster. Plant heights in HDTLC were higher than those in the control at 22 days after transplanting (DAT). At 39 DAT, plant heights did not differ between 25×25 cm and control. At 60 DAT, plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, and leaf width of the HDTLC were lower than those of the control. Fruit length and width were also lower in HDTLC compared to those of the control. However, sugar content was more than 19% higher in HDTLC compared to that in the control. Yield per plant of the control was the highest, but yields per ha in HDTLCs were 99% (20×20 cm) and 38% (25×25 cm) higher, respectively, compared to that of the control. No pesticides were used for disease control in this experiment. However, to ensure yield, it is recommended to observe the disease status of plants and spray pesticides at the appropriate time. The disease index (1: disease-free; 5: all leaves were disease-infected) of late blight (Phytophthora indestans) was significantly higher for 20×20 cm (4.5) and 25×25 cm (3.6) groups compared to the control (2.0). Income with 20×20 cm (5,668 thousand KRW) and 25×25 cm (1,863 thousand KRW) were 4.9 and 1.6 times higher, respectively, compared to that with the control (1,149 thousand KRW). So, we want to spread the HDTLC technology, which transplanting of tomato seedlings at 20×20 cm intervals and harvests up to 2nd fruit cluster, to Cambodian farmers.

본 연구는 D도시 소재 A 노인요양시설에서 근무중인 요양보호사를 대 상으로 왜 대부분의 요양보호사는 여성이며, 특히 연령대는 왜 대부분 50~60대인지, 그리고 요양보호사로의 삶에서 나타나는 사회적 문제들은 무엇인지 도출하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 질적 연구 방법 중 하나인 해석적 현상학을 활용하여 요양보호사들의 경험을 심층적으로 탐 구하였다. 이를 통해 본 연구는 최종적으로 4가지 테마를 도출하였다. 1) 대다수가 여성인 이유 2) 요양보호사의 직업적 특성 3) 직업적 현실과 사회적 기대 4) 작업환경과 사회적 인식이 이에 해당한다. 이러한 연구 결과에 기반하여 요양보호사의 근로환경 개선 및 복지향상을 위한 정책 적 지원 방안을 제안하고자 한다.

Numerous research institutes have been studying semiconductor devices using two-dimensional materials for several years. However, the findings of these studies have yet to demonstrate the performance of digital devices that could replace silicon devices in the semiconductor industry. Nonetheless, the high carrier mobility and saturation velocity of 2-D materials remain attractive for semiconductor device performance, particularly in analog devices where these features can be utilized. In this research, we fabricated a phase-shift controller, a typical component of analog circuits, using 2-D materials and verified its operational characteristics. Analog circuits do not require large area integration, so we employed graphene, which has relatively simple formation and processing, as the 2-D material. Devices using graphene as a channel exhibit a V-shaped I–V characteristic, allowing for the input voltage to be adjusted to produce various modes of output characteristics. This means that the same devices can generate a phase-shifted output and an output with double the frequency by simply adjusting the input voltage range. This research is particularly meaningful since it demonstrates not only the potential of 2-D materials but also their potential for direct application to the semiconductor industry. These findings will contribute to the development of system IC technology and various applications.

The aggressive scaling of dynamic random-access memory capacitors has increased the need to maintain high capacitance despite the limited physical thickness of electrodes and dielectrics. This makes it essential to use high-k dielectric materials. TiO2 has a large dielectric constant, ranging from 30~75 in the anatase phase to 90~170 in rutile phase. However, it has significant leakage current due to low energy barriers for electron conduction, which is a critical drawback. Suppressing the leakage current while scaling to achieve an equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) below 0.5 nm is necessary to control the influence of interlayers on capacitor performance. For this, Pt and Ru, with their high work function, can be used instead of a conventional TiN substrate to increase the Schottky barrier height. Additionally, forming rutile-TiO2 on RuO2 with excellent lattice compatibility by epitaxial growth can minimize leakage current. Furthermore, plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) can be used to deposit a uniform thin film with high density and low defects at low temperatures, to reduce the impact of interfacial reactions on electrical properties at high temperatures. In this study, TiO2 was deposited using PEALD, using substrates of Pt and Ru treated with rapid thermal annealing at 500 and 600 °C, to compare structural, chemical, and electrical characteristics with reference to a TiN substrate. As a result, leakage current was suppressed to around 10-6 A/cm2 at 1 V, and an EOT at the 0.5 nm level was achieved.

Ophiopogonin D (OPD) is a steroidal glycoside derived from Ophiopogon japonicus , a traditional Chinese medicine with diverse biological activities, including antithrombosis, anti-inflammation, and antitussive effects. To investigate the cellular effects and mechanisms of OPD on oral squamous cell carcinoma, cell viability was explored, and the effects of OPD on cell cycle regulators, apoptotic marker proteins, and key proteins involved in metastasis and signaling pathways were examined by MTT assay and Western blotting in YD38 cells. OPD strongly inhibited cell proliferation and induced caspase-dependent apoptosis of YD38 cells by suppressing the cell cycle and activating caspase-3 and poly ADP ribose polymerase. Additionally, OPD suppressed the expression of vital proteins regulating metastasis and proliferation within the integrin/matrix metalloproteinases/FAK and AKT/PI3K/mTor pathways. Thus, OPD can be a potential treatment candidate for gingival cancer.