북위 38도 지역인 백령도와 연천 콩밭에 2020-2021년에 콩나방(Leguminivora glycinivorella) 성충 포획 목적으로 성페로몬 트랩을 설치하였 다. 트랩에는 (E,E)-8,10-dodecadienyl acetate와 tetradecyl acetate의 1:1 조성 미끼를 장치하였다. 트랩에 포획된 나비목 성충들에 대해 시토크 롬 c 산화효소 1 유전자의 염기서열을 분석하였고, 그 결과를 바탕으로 종을 동정하였다. 연천에서는 콩나방으로 동정이 되나 분석 서열에서 서로 평균 3.5%의 유전거리가 있는 두 개의 다른 집단(M과 S)이 동일 포장에서 발생한 것이 관찰되었다. 그중 M 집단은 백령도에서도 발견되었다. 콩나 방 성충은 트랩 운용기간 동안 8월 중순부터 9월 중순 사이에 관찰되었다. 약 40종의 비대상종 수컷 성충들이 트랩에 포획되었고, 그중 잎말이나방 과의 애기잎말이나방족 1종(Grapholitini sp.)과, 흰갈퀴애기잎말이나방(Epiblema foenella)이 우점하였다. 이 결과로 본 연구에 사용한 성페로몬 조성이 콩나방에 대해 종특이성이 높지 않은 것으로 나타났다.

유전자 변형(GM) 작물의 재배 및 유통이 확대됨에 따라, GM 작물의 신속하고 정확한 현장 검출 기술의 필요성이 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3- phosphate synthase (EPSPS) 유전자를 대상으로, RPA (Recombinase Polymerase Amplification) 기반의 등온 증폭 기법과 특이적 프라이머·프로브 세트, 그리고 간이 DNA 추출법을 결합하여 현장 적용이 가능한 GM 콩 검출 시스템을 개발하였다. 먼저, 설계된 프라이머 및 프로브 세트는 GM 콩에서만 형광 신호가 유의하게 증가하며, non-GM 콩에서는 신호가 검출되지 않아 높은 타겟 특이성을 확인하였다. 또한, RPA 반응은 39℃의 등온 조건에서 25분 이내에 이루어져 기존 PCR 기반 방법에 비해 분석 시간을 대폭 단축할 수 있었다. 다양한 DNA 추출 버퍼를 이용한 간이 추출법과 상용 DNA 추출 키트를 비교한 결과, 10 mM NaOH 및 10 mM NaCl 버퍼에서 우수한 검출 성능을 보였으며, 5분 이내에 DNA 확보가 가능해 현장 적용성이 뛰어남을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 시스템은 시료 채취부터 DNA 추출, 증폭, 검출까지의 전 과정을 단시간 내에 수행할 수 있어, 농업 현장에서 GM 작물을 신속하고 정확하게 판별할 수 있는 실용적 기술로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

In this study, we propose a data-driven analytical framework for systematically analyzing the driving patterns of autonomous buses and quantitatively identifying risky driving behaviors at the road-segment level using operational data from real roads. The analysis was based on Basic Safety Message (BSM) data collected over 125 days from two Panta-G autonomous buses operating in the Pangyo Autonomous Driving Testbed. Key driving indicators included speed, acceleration, yaw rate, and elevation, which were mapped onto high-definition (HD) road maps. A hybrid clustering method combining self-organizing map (SOM) and k-means++ was applied, which resulted in eight distinct driving pattern clusters. Among these, four clusters exhibited characteristics associated with risky driving such as sudden acceleration, deceleration, and abrupt steering, and were spatially visualized using digital maps. These visualizations offer practical insights for real-time monitoring and localized risk assessment in autonomous vehicle operations. The proposed framework provides empirical evidence for evaluating the operational safety and reliability of autonomous buses based on repeated behavioral patterns. Its adaptability to diverse urban environments highlights its utility for intelligent traffic control systems and future mobility policy planning.

Anomaly detection is a key technique for ensuring the reliability and stability of systems across various industrial domains. Autoencoder-based reconstruction models are particularly effective in learning normal patterns and detecting deviations. However, conventional loss functions such as Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) are limited in capturing anomalies that follow heavy-tailed or asymmetric distributions, which are commonly observed in real-world industrial settings. To address this limitation, we propose a Mixture Negative Log-Likelihood (Mixture NLL) loss function based on a combination of Gaussian, Laplace, and Student-t distributions. The loss is constructed using the probability density functions of each distribution, with key parameters such as standard deviation, scale, and degrees of freedom learned during training. The mixture weights representing the contribution of each distribution are also jointly optimized. Experimental results on real-world time-series anomaly detection datasets demonstrate that the proposed MixtureLoss consistently outperforms conventional loss-based Autoencoder models, particularly in detecting tail-end anomalies.

The red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren, 1972) was first identified in Korea in 2017 and continues to be detected during quarantine measures. This study assessed the efficacy of three enhanced ant trap designs (narrow-top, wide-top, widebottom) aimed at addressing the limitations associated with conventional multi-tube traps. Colonies of Tetramorium tsushimae, a prevalent ant species in Korea, were utilized for performance evaluation. Traps were strategically positioned 1.5 meters from nest entrances, and capture efficiency was determined by recording the time required to capture three ants, as well as the total number of ants collected after a period of six hours. Each experimental condition was replicated 15 times, and the results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test. The wide-bottom trap exhibited the shortest detection time (19 minutes) and the highest capture efficiency (Z=0.76), whereas the narrow-top trap proved to be the least effective. These findings suggest that the wide-bottom trap design is the most effective instrument for the early detection of invasive ant species and may play a critical role in preventing the introduction of S. invicta in Korea.