PPARα activator가 고지방 사료를 섭취한 운동하지 않은 쥐에 비해 고지방 사료를 섭취한 운 동 쥐에서 백색지방조직의 혈관신생을 보다 효과적으로 억제하는지를 조사하였다. 수컷 쥐는 무작위로 PPARα activator인 fenofibrate와 운동을 모두 처리하지 않은 대조군(Con), fenofibrate 단독처리군(FF), 운동 단독처리군(Ex) 및 fenofibrate와 운동의 조합처리군(Ex+FF)으로 나누어 8주간 고지방 사료를 섭취시 켰다. 백색지방조직의 무게와 백색지방세포의 크기는 Con에 비해 FF, Ex 및 Ex+FF 모두 감소하였으며, Ex+FF는 FF에 비해 더욱 감소하였다. 백색지방조직에서 MMPs와 혈관신생 인자의 유전자 발현은 Con에 비해 FF, Ex 및 Ex+FF 모두 감소하였으며, Ex+FF는 FF에 비해 더욱 감소하였다. 그러나 혈관신생 억제인 자의 유전자 발현은 Con에 비해 FF, Ex 및 Ex+FF 모두 증가하였고, Ex+FF는 FF에 비해 더욱 증가하였 다. 따라서 본 연구는 fenofibrate 단독처리보다는 fenofibrate와 운동의 조합처리가 효과적으로 백색지방조 직의 혈관신생을 억제함으로써 백색지방조직의 증가를 감소시키고 복부비만을 억제한다는 것을 밝혔다.

This study was to identify the effects of education on Korean foods preferred by elementary students and their sustainability. A survey was conducted on 5th-grade elementary school students. Korean food preferences were classified by exploratory factor analysis as creative, healthy, or considerate, and the effects of education on Korean dietary life were classified as cognitive or emotional. Dietary life sustainability was evaluated separately. Results showed that creative and considerate preferences had significant impacts on cognitive and emotional education effects and that a healthy preference type significantly impacted the emotional effect of education. Analysis showed that creative and considerate food preference types significantly influenced dietary life sustainability and that cognitive and emotional education effects mediated these relationships. Sex was not found to have a significant moderating effect. The study shows that Korean dietary life sustainability is influenced by education on topics that promote the value and excellence of Korean food and suggests that experiential education combining practice and theory should be used to increase interest in Korean food among elementary students. Additional studies are required to determine Korean food preferences to facilitate the development of a dietary life education program that enables students to understand and maintain healthy dietary practices.

This paper elucidates the novel direction of food research in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution characterized by personalized approaches. Since conventional approaches for identifying novel food materials for health benefits are expensive and time-consuming, there is a need to shift towards AI-based approaches which offer more efficient and costeffective methods, thus accelerating progress in the field of food science. However, relevant research papers in this field present several challenges such as regional and ethnic differences and lack of standardized data. To tackle this problem, our study proposes to address the issues by acquiring and normalizing food and biological big data. In addition, the paper demonstrates the association between heath status and biological big data such as metabolome, epigenome, and microbiome for personalized healthcare. Through the integration of food-health-bio data with AI technologies, we propose solutions for personalized healthcare that are both effective and validated.

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is known to contribute to the modulation of insulin resistance and systemic inflammation seen in obesity and the metabolic syndrome. The present study was performed to investigate the fertility competence of TLR4 knock out male mice (TLR4 mice) on a high-fat diet (HFD), compared to a normal-chow diet (NCD). The controls included wildtype (WT) mice fed on a HFD or NCD. Six-week-old male mice were fed with either a NCD or HFD for 20 weeks. Body and organ weights, serum levels of glucose, triglycerides and hepatoxicity, sperm quality and spermatogenesis were observed after the sacrifice. Also, randomly selected male mice were mated with virgin female mice after feeding of 19 weeks. The weight of the body and organs increased in WT and TLR4 mice on a HFD compared to those of mice on a NCD. The weights of the reproductive organs did not vary among the treatment groups. The motility and concentration of the epididymal spermatozoa decreased in both WT and TLR4 mice fed a HFD. The pregnancy rate and litter size declined in the HFD-fed WT mice compared to the HFD-fed TLR4 mice. In conclusion, the HFD alters energy and steroid metabolism in mice, which may lead to male reproductive disorders. However, fertility competence was somewhat restored in HFD-fed TLR4 male mice, suggesting that the TLR4 is involved in testis dysfunction due to metabolic imbalance.

본 연구는 1959년 일본의 재일조선인 북한송환(북송) 발표 직후인 2월 부터 6월까지 한일 양국의 국회에서는 재일조선인 북송에 대해 어떻게 논의를 전개하였는지 분석하였다. 즉, 본 연구의 질문은 ‘1959년 초반 한국 국회와 일본 국회는 재일조선인 북송 문제에 대해 어떠한 논의를 했는가?’이다. 이에 답하기 위해 본 연구는 한국 국회와 일본 국회의 1959년 회의록을 분석했고 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 우선 한국의 국회는 북한을 주권국가가 아니라고 보며 일본의 재일조선인 북송 계획에 반대 하는 논의를 하였다. 그러나 시간이 지나면서 국회 내의 의견 차이로 한 국 국회가 재일조선인 북송 문제 해결을 위한 구체적이고 본격적인 논의 를 진행하는 것은 어려웠다. 반면 일본의 국회는 한국 정부와의 관계 악 화를 우려해 재일조선인 북송 문제를 한일회담과 구분하여 처리하는 방 안을 논의했다. 또한, 일본 국회는 일본 정부가 북송 문제에 직접 관여하 지 않도록 국제적십자위원회가 재일조선인 북송 문제를 주도하여 해결해 야 한다는 방침을 세우며, 동시에 북송 실행을 위해 북한적십자사와의 회담에서 원만한 해결을 위해 논의를 확장하였다. 그러므로 재일조선인 북송 문제에 대한 1959년 2월부터 6월까지의 한국과 일본의 양국 국회 의 논의를 비교하면, 일본 국회의 논의가 한국의 국회 논의보다 구체적 이고 적극적이었다는 사실을 알 수 있다. 이후 1959년 12월 재일조선인 의 북송은 결국 실행되었다.

본 연구의 목적은 5% 녹두(Phaseolus aureus L.)의 급여가 고지혈증 유발 Sprague-Dawley (SD)계 흰쥐의 혈청 blood urea nitrogen(BUN), creatinine 및 요산(uric acid)의 농도와 aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), amylase, lipase 및 catalase 활성에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 시행하였다. 연구 결과 녹두는 고지혈증으로 유발된 흰쥐의 혈청 BUN, creatinine, 요산 농도 및 AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, amylase, lipase의 활성 감소와 catalase 활성을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 녹두는 신장과 간 등의 기능 개선과 예방에 효과적일 것으로 판단되어 기능성 소재로서의 이용 가능성이 있을 것으로 기 대된다.

Research on food sources through DNA metabarcoding is being used for various organisms based on high resolution and reproducibility. In the study, we investigated the difference in food sources between pre and post-starving in the three bivalve species (Anemina acaeformis, Anodonta woodiana, and Unio douglasiae) through DNA metabarcoding using 18S rRNA V9 primer. The food source of pre-starving appeared in 87 genera, 71 families, 51 orders, 35 classes, and 22 phyla. The primary food sources were the zoo and phytoplankton, including Chlamydomonadales, Euglenales, Ploima, Sphaeropleales, and Stephanodiscales. However, all zoo and phytoplankton were not observed after starving except Schizopyrenida and Rotifera. In Levin’s niche breadth analysis, the Bi index of A. woodiana is 0.3, which was higher than A. acaeformis (0.14) and U. douglasiae (0.21), indicating that they feed on various food sources. The niche overlap of A. acaeformis was measured as 0.78 in A. woodiana, 0.7 in U. douglasiae showing a relative high value compared to other bivalves. The trophic level of A. acaeformis, A. woodiana, and U. douglasiae based on the food source information were investigated as 2.0, 2.0, and 2.5, respectively. The results of the previous study on the trophic level using stable isotopes showed 1.8 to 2.4 values were similar to the results of this study. These results suggest that DNA metabarcoding can be an effective analyzing tool for the gut content in the bivalves.

Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), the most conserved nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent protein deacetylase, is involved in the regulation of energy metabolism, genomic stability, and development. SIRT1 knockout (SIRT1) mice exhibit decreased energy expenditure and hypersensitivity to a high-fat diet (HFD). SIRT1 deficiency in the testis has also been shown to cause male infertility in animal models. Therefore, the present study was conducted to examine the alteration of the testicular function of SIRT1 mice on HFD. Six-week-old mice were fed ad libitum as wild type (WT) and SIRT1 male mice with either a control diet or with HFD for 32 weeks and then were sacrificed. The levels of biomarkers for hepatotoxicity, sex hormones, and cytokines were analyzed in the serum and blood-testis barrier, and the sperm morphology was examined in the testis and epididymal spermatozoa. Interestingly, an enlargement of seminal vesicles was observed in the SIRT1 mice fed with HFD. A significantly higher level of hepatotoxicity was also seen in these mice. The concentration of serum testosterone increased in HFD-fed SIRT1 mice compared to the controls. The levels of interleukin-1β and TNF-α increased in both HFD-fed WT and SIRT1 mice. In RT-PCR, the m RNA expression of tight junction protein 2 and claudin 3 significantly decreased in HFD-fed SIRT1 compared to those of the controls. Degenerative spermatocytes and spermatids were detected in the HFD-fed SIRT1 mice testicular section. Sperm motility decreased in WT and SIRT1 with HFD feeding, and sperm concentration decreased significantly in WT-HFD and SIRT1 mice with or without HFD feeding. Taken together, HFD can alter energy and steroid metabolism in SIRT1-deficient mice, which can lead to imbalances in motility and production of sperm and testosterone that can result in male reproductive disorders.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ImmunoSEB as an immune-booster additive on the performance of broiler chicks. A total of 1150 broiler chickens were randomly allotted to three treatments on the basis of body weight (10 pens per treatment with 40 broilers in each pen): the control (CON), CON + ImmunoSEB 0.025% in feed (SEB25), and CON + ImmunoSEB 0.050% in feed (SEB50). The experiment was conducted for d 42 in three phases (phase 1, d 0–14; phase 2, d 15–28; and phase 3, d 29–42). There were significant differences in the average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake. The ADG at d 14 in the SEB50 treatment was greater than that in the CON treatment. The overall ADG in the SEB50 treatment was greater than that in the CON treatment. During d 0–14, the feed intake of chickens in the SEB50 treatment increased compared to that in the CON treatment. The crude protein and lysine digestibility improved in the SEB25 and SEB50 treatments compared to those in the CON treatment at d 28. Superoxide dismutase concentration significantly increased in the SEB50 treatment compared to that in the CON treatment. The interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations were higher in the cecum of chickens in the CON treatment than in the SEB25 and SEB50 treatments. A lower population of E. coli was detected in the ileum and cecum of broilers fed the SEB50 diet compared to those of broilers fed the CON diet. The overall result showed the beneficial effects of using ImmunoSEB at a dose of 0.050% in broiler chickens.

흰점박이꽃무지(Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis) 유충을 사육상자(가로 543 × 세로 363 × 높이 188 mm) 안에서 뽕나무 발효톱밥 기반 사료 를 이용하여 집단으로 사육할 때(25°C, 16:8 L:D), 투입될 수 있는 갓 부화한 유충의 밀도를 검토하였다. 100-175마리 투입구는 90일후 생존율 이 80% 이상으로 사육밀도 사이에 차이가 없었다. 그러나 200마리 밀도에서는 생존율이 약 10% 이상 감소하였다. 100-150마리 밀도에서 유충 평균 무게는 처리 밀도 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 175마리와 200마리 밀도에서는 100마리 밀도에 비해 유충 무게가 유의하게 낮았다. 사 육밀도가 낮을수록 유충 무게가 더 빨리 증가하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 100-150마리가 처음 투입밀도로 적절하다고 판단하였다. 두 번째 실험으로, 종령 유충을 저온에 보관하는 조건을 검토하였다. 종령 유충을 4개의 무게 집단(1.8-2.0, 2.0-2.3, 2.3-2.5, 2.5 g 이상)으로 구분하여 4, 8, 10°C에 보관하였을 때, 4°C에서는 70일 보관된 유충들은 무게에 관계없이 모두 사망하였다. 그러나 8°C에서는 70일 보관집단에서 약 80%의 유충이 생존하였다. 보관하는 유충의 무게가 무거울수록 생존율이 높았다. 4°C 보관에서는 무게가 2.3 g 이상인 유충을 50일까지 보관한 후 우화 한 성충들만 적은 수의 산란을 하였다. 8°C와 10°C 처리에서는 유충 무게에 관계 없이 모두 산란을 하였다. 이상의 결과로부터 무게가 2.3 g 이상 인 흰점박이꽃무지 종령 유충을 8°C에서 30-50일 범위에서 저장할 수 있다고 판단하였다.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is recognized one of the leading metabolic diseases globally, and the younger age population with the disease is rapidly growing, especially in developed countries. Since there has been no approved medicine, losing weight is known to be the only best remedy to control or reverse the disease. Recently, the field of microbiome has attracted much attention to offer more practical choices for patients. Here, we provide experimental evidence that Streptococcus thermophilus LM1012 (LM1012), a safe probiotic strain, is effective for improving NAFLD indexes. In the methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet induced C57BL/6 mouse model, administration of LM1012 promoted marked reductions of aspartate transaminase (23.8%), total bilirubin (27.8%), hydroxycholesterol (64.2%), triglyceride (29.7%) and IL-1β (68.3%) compared to the MCD diet alone group. Also, the histopathological data imply that LM1012 inhibited fat accumulation and inflammation in the liver, which are the key biomarkers for progression of the disease. Together, these findings suggest that human consumption of LM1012 as a healthy nutritional supplement, may be helpful in reducing the risk of liver damages in NAFLD patients.

The purpose of this study was to explore the marketability by developing a fresh HMR product for improving hyperlipidemia and dieting for elderly chronic disease patients and young people pursuing healthy beauty. The diet menu increased the ratio of fresh vegetables and mushrooms, and chicken breast and cheese were used as protein sources. By using whole grains, the supply of vitamins and minerals was strengthened while minimizing calories. Regarding the recipe, the diet menu was mainly prepared in the form of salads, risotto, and pasta. In the hyperlipidemia improvement menu, the proportion of fresh vegetables was increased, and as protein sources, pork shank, tofu, seafood, etc. with minimal fat were used. As a carbohydrate source, whole grains were mainly used to minimize calories while strengthening the supply of vitamins and minerals. In the recipe, it was prepared in the form of steamed or bibim-myeon, and it was also produced in a form such as paella. As a result, the developed menu was analyzed as low-calorie and evenly comprised of essential nutrients, which can satisfy palatability and nutrition.