영양은 모든 생명활동의 근본이며, 생물의 진화적 적응도를 결정하는 가장 중요한 요인이다. 곤충영양학은 곤충생리학의 전통적인 연구영 역이며, 최근 산업곤충의 대량사육 필요성이 증가함에 따라 그 중요성이 부각되고 있다. 이러한 중요성에도 불구하고, 곤충의 영양현상을 정확히 이해하기란 어려운데, 이는 영양의 다변량적 특성, 영양소 간의 교호작용 등으로 설명되는 영양적 복잡성에 기인한다. 영양기하학(Nutritional Geometry)은 이러한 난점을 극복하기 위해 고안된 통합적이고 다차원적인 분석모형으로서, 최근 곤충영양학이 급격하게 발전할 수 있는 이론적 및 실험적 기반을 제공하였다. 본 종설은 영양기하학의 기본개념을 소개하고, 이러한 방법론이 어떻게 최근 곤충영양학의 급속한 학문적 진보를 가능케 하였는지, 그리고 영양이 어떻게 생리학, 생태학, 진화생물학을 통합하는 구심점이 될 수 있었는지를, 최신 연구사례를 중심으로 살펴볼 것이다. 또한 본 종설은 향후 영양기하학을 적용함으로써 발전할 가능성이 높은 연구분야를 고찰할 것이다.

Initial and convalescent treatment of acute pancreatitis (AP) is important in order to improve the prognosis and prevent the recurrence in the patients with AP. Initial intensive treatment includes fluid therapy, pain control, antimicrobial therapy, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and nutritional support. Goal-directed therapy is recommended for fluid therapy, and the routine use of prophylactic antibiotics is not recommended. In acute gallstone pancreatitis, urgent ERCP should be performed only in patients with cholangitis or persistent cholestasis. Early oral feeding is advisable as tolerated and enteral feeding via nasogastric or nasojejunal tube appear comparable. In convalescent treatment, cholecystectomy during the initial admission is advisable for mild biliary pancreatitis with gallstone as possible, and treatment against alcohol dependence is considerable for recurrent acute alcoholic pancreatitis. In this review, we recommend practice guidelines for initial treatment, nutritional support, and convalescent treatment.

본 연구에서는 대추 열수추출물에 대한 유산균 발효를 통해 기능성 소재로서의 가능성을 알아보고자 하여 열수추출물에 L. plantarum 을 접종하여 유산균 발효물을 제조하였으며, 열수추출물과 유산균 발효물의 영양성분 및 항산화능을 비교 ․ 분석하였다. 대추 열수추 출물에 접종한 유산균은 초기 12시간 만에 증가하였으며, 이후 72 시간까지 큰 증감없이 그 수를 유지하여 대추 열수추출물은 유산균 의 생육에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다. 열수추출물과 유산균 발효물 의 당도, pH 및 총산도를 측정한 결과, 당도는 유산균 발효 여부와 관계없이 열수추출횟수가 증가할수록 높아졌으며, pH는 유산균 발 효 이후 현저히 감소하였고, 총산도는 2차 열수추출물의 발효물에 서만 유의적으로 증가하였다. 2차 열수추출물의 유산균 발효 여부 에 따른 일반영양성분 분석 결과, 모든 성분에서 유의적 차이를 보 이지 않았으며, DPPH 및 ABTS free radical 소거활성능은 유산 균 발효 여부에 관계없이 열수 추출횟수에 비례하여 증가하여 2차 열수추출물과 그의 발효물에서 가장 높은 결과를 나타내었다. 총폴 리페놀 함량 또한 유산균 발효여부에 관계없이 1차 열수추출물에 서 가장 높은 값이 관찰되었다. 본 연구를 통해 대추 열수추출물은 유산균 생육에 전혀 영향을 미치지 않아 유산균 발효물 제조 가능 성을 확인했으며, 또한 항산화능과 총폴리페놀 함량은 열수추출횟 수에 의해 영향을 받는다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 하지만, 열수추출 물과 유산균 발효물 사이에 일반영양성분 및 항산화능에 큰 차이 는 없었으며, 이는 L. plantarum 단일 균주로만 연구를 진행했기 때문으로 여겨진다. 따라서 추후에 다양한 유산균주를 사용하여 대추 열수추출물의 발효를 시도해 항산화능을 비롯한 다양한 기능 성을 증가시킬 수 있는 유산균주를 탐색할 필요가 있을 것으로 사 료된다.

This study investigated the quality characteristics of sweet pumpkin after blanching. Sweet pumpkins were blanched in distilled water, 2% citric acid and 2% NaCl water at 100oC for 3 min. The cooking loss of sweet pumpkin in the blanching groups was lower than that in the control group, and greenness and yellowness in the blanching groups were higher than those in the control group (p<0.001). Total polyphenol content (TPC) of sweet pumpkin increased after blanching (p<0.05), and TPC true retention (TR) was measured with the highest NB. CON and NB were significantly higher in ?- carotene content (p<0.001). Lutein content in the blanching treatment groups was lower than that in the control group, but NB was the highest between the blanching groups (p<0.001). DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging activity assays revealed higher antioxidant activity in the NB groups among the blanching groups (p<0.001). The CON was 2.44 log colonyforming unit (CFU)/ g in the total bacterial count, but there were no microorganisms in the blanching groups. In conclusion, blanching with the addition of 2% NaCl can inhibit the growth of microorganisms and improve TR and antioxidant activities in sweet pumpkin.

This study was conducted to examine the status of food consumption and nutrition intake of young adults according to food security using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) (2008~2018). A total of 10,655 young adults aged 19~34 years participated in the study. The subjects in the moderately/severely food insecure group consumed less fruits, vegetables, meat, nuts and seeds than those in food secure/mildly food insecure group after adjusting for confounding factors. The moderately/severely food insecure group significantly decreased mean adequacy ratio (MAR) and nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) for protein, vitamin A, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C, calcium, phosphorus and iron compared to the food secure/ mildly food insecure group. The percentages of the participants consuming a daily diet with carbohydrate, protein, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C, phosphorus and iron less than the estimated average requirement (EAR) increased in the moderately/severely food insecure group compared with the food secure group. This study suggested that the nutrition intake of young adults was related to food security status. These findings can be used as basic data for developing nutritional policies for young adults.

This study analyzed the nutritional composition (proximate composition, total dietary fiber, calories, minerals, fatty acids, and amino acids) of 10 noodle products (tteok ramyun, jjamppong ramyun, kimchi ramyun, instant udon, cup ramyun, jajangmyun, bibimmyun, cream spaghetti, ssalguksu, and milmyun), which account for 85% of the cumulative intake of one or more key nutrients, using data from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The moisture contents of bibimmyun, jajangmyun, and cream spaghetti were lower than those of the other noodle products, whereas the crude fat, crude protein, carbohydrate, and calorie contents were the highest. Cream spaghetti had the highest mineral, fatty acid, and amino acid contents, followed by bibimmyun and jajangmyun. Ssalguksu had the lowest contents of most nutrients. These data could be used to populate a food composition database, which can provide consumers with the nutritional information about frequently consumed noodle products.

This study investigated on the nutritional components and physiological activity of four wild vegetables namely Salvia plebeia R. Br., Angelica acutiloba, Gynura procumbens and Saururus chinensis Baill for the development of representative wild vegetables in Chungbuk. Salvia plebeia possessed the highest radical scavenging activity and beta-carotene, but exhibited the lowest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity compared to the other three vegetables. Angelica acutiloba showed high crude protein content and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, but contained low total polyphenol content, radical scavenging ability and beta-carotene compared to the other three vegetables. Gynura procumbens showed high mineral content, beta-carotene, vitamin K1 content and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, but showed the lowest total polyphenol content and radical scavenging ability compared to the other three vegetables. Saururus chinensis showed high crude fiber content and total polyphenol content, but contained the lowest mineral and vitamin K1 content. To conclude, it is suggested to use Salvia plebeia or Saururus chinensis as antioxidant food materials and Angelica acutiloba and Gynura procumbens as food materials and sources of α-glucosidase inhibitors. In particular, it is believed that Saururus chinensis, which possessed high content of crude fiber, is suitable for low-calorie food materials such as diet products.

The purpose of this study was to assess the forage productivity and nutritive value of kenaf at different fertilizer application amounts and various stages of maturity. The experiment was conducted from May to September 2020, the amount of 80 kg of kenaf seed/ha was supplied with different types and amounts of nitrogen fertilizer and the plants were harvested at 10-day intervals from different harvesting dates (24th August and 3rd, 13th, 23rd September). According to the different fertilizer types and application amounts, the highest kenaf height was recorded in the inorganic fertilizer amounts of 200 and 250 kg N/ha and the fresh and DM yield were significantly improved in the inorganic nitrogen amount of 250 kg N/ha. The highest CP and TDN content in the leaf was achieved in the inorganic fertilizer amounts of 150 and 200 kg N/ha, respectively; and the highest TDN content in the stem was also found in the inorganic fertilizer amount of 200 kg N/ha. According to the different harvesting dates, the highest DM ratio was found in the harvesting date of 13th September, the leaf ratio increased with advanced maturity, whereas the stem ratio decreased significantly and the highest DM yield of kenaf was recorded in the harvesting dates of 13th and 23rd September. Besides, the highest CP, CF, CA, ADF, NDF and TDN content in the leaf as influenced by different harvesting dates was 15.4, 31.8, 10.2, 22.1, 34.7 and 76.5%, respectively, and the CP, CA, ADF and TDN in stem decreased significantly with advanced maturity of kenaf. In conclusion, the optimal fertilizer amounts and the appropriate harvesting dates for a high forage yield and high-quality kenaf as livestock feed were the inorganic fertilizer application amounts of 200-250 kg N/ha and from 13th and 23rd September, respectively.

Centella asiatica (CA) has been used as a nutritional plant as well as a traditional herbal medicine around the world. This study, quality component (proximate composition, total polyphenol, and triterpenoid compound), and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of CA dried using various methods were investigated. Proximate compositions of CA with different drying methods included a large amount of carbohydrates, crude protein, crude ash, and crude fiber. Among the drying methods, cold drying provided the highest total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity, while hot-air drying at 75℃ provided the lowest total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity. In addition, when the major triterpenoid compounds of CA were analyzed, the highest content of asiaticoside of triterpenoid glycoside was obtained with all drying methods. With respect to the total triterpenoid, the highest content was obtained with cold drying (68.8 mg/g) whereas natural drying (31.4 mg/g) provided the lowest content. In anti-inflammatory activity of LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, EtOH extract of cold drying showed a significantly higher inhibitory activity in comparison to the other drying methods. In conclusion, it is considered that the cold drying method is suitable for industrial preparation of functional materials with high physiological ingredients, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities from CA.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between eating speed and nutritional status among Korean high-school students using Nutrition Quotient for Korean Adolescents (NQ-A). In this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted in 453 high-school students (227 boys and 226 girls) from September 2019 to October 2019 in Chungbuk area. Based on the self-reported speed of eating data, subjects were classified into a fast group (n=180), a medium group (n=184), and a slow group (n=89). NQ-A scores for each group were measured in each speed group. In the environment section, girls showed a significant difference in usage time of electronic devices, such as TVs and smartphones: the fast group spent significantly more time than the medium group (p=0.035). In the practice section, among boys, the slow group had significantly higher scores for washing hands before eating than the medium and the fast groups (p=0.022). This study suggested that eating speed of high school students is associated with health-related environment factor and practice factor of NQ-A, such as time spent on smart devices or washing hands before eating. The study results can provide baseline data for nutrition education on health management of high school students.

풀버섯(Volvariella volvacea) 균주 4종의 추출물에 대한 항산화 활성, 아질산염 소거능, 베타글루칸 함량 및 아미노산 성분분석을 통한 영양성분 함량을 분석하였다. 풀버섯 4종의 균주 중 Vv 균주(KMCC04386)의 DPPH 라디컬 소거능(23.7%)이 가장 높았으며, 총 폴리페놀 함량 및 총 플라보노이드 함량은 Vv-Chi 균주(KMCC04382)가 각각 8.17 mg GAE/g, 3.46 mg QE/g으로 가장 높았으며, 철 환원 항산화능(0.152) 및 환원력(0.094) 역시 Vv-Chi 균주에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 아질산염 소거능은 풀버섯 균주 간 유의적 차이는 없었다(p<0.05). 베타글루칸 함량은 VG-19 균주(KMCC04380)가 17.53% (w/w)로 가장 높았다. 총 아미노산 및 총 필수아미노산 함량은 VG-19 균주가 각각 986.8 mg/kg과 369.3 mg/kg으로 균주들에 비하여 가장 높게 검출되었다. VG-19 균주의 경우, 시스테인(Cys)이 171.0 mg/kg으로 다른 균주들에 비하여 월등히 높게 검출되었으며 그 외에도 아스파르트산(Asp), 세린(Ser), 글루탐산(Glu), 알라닌(Ala), 이소류신(Ile), 류신(Leu) 등의 감칠맛, 단맛을 내는 아미노산 성분과 일부 필수아미노산 성분이 다른 균주에 비하여 높게 검출되었다. 본 연구결과, 풀버섯 4종의 균주 중에서 DPPH 라디 컬소거능을 제회한 항산화 활성은 Vv-Chi 균주가 가장 높았으며, 베타글루칸 함량 및 영양성분 함량은 VG-19 균주가 높은 것으로 확인되었다.

The effects of supplementing ESP-FM (Erythrobactor sp.), freshwater Chlorella (Chlorella sp.), and baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on the nutritional value and mass production of Moina macrocopa, which is used as a live feed for fish fry production, was investigated. Consequently, the effects of feeding the enriched M. macrocopa to the nutritional composition of larval rockfish (Sebastes schlegel) and carp (Cyprinus carpio) was also investigated. Maximum density of M. macrocopa was reached within 15-21 days after inoculation (0.5 to 22 individual/mL), at various temperatures, and either decreased or remained almost constantly thereafter. Protein content and amino acids composition of M. macrocopa were found to be influenced by their respective diets while lipid and ash contents did not considerably change. M. macrocopa fed with baker’s yeast were low in n-3 HUFA content, and those fed on the freshwater chlorella were high in the 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 HUFA content, and in cultures treated with ESP-FM were high content in n-3 HUFA. The utilization of M. macrocopa as a substitute fish feed for carp and rockfish showed the enrichment nutritional content.

본 연구에서는 버섯의 건조 및 로스팅 처리의 가공방법에 따른 생리활성 성분과 영양성분의 변화에 대하여 알아보기 위해서 실험을 수행하였다. 항산화 등의 생리활성 성분의 변화를 분석한 결과, DPPH 라디컬 소거능은 잎새 버섯의 열풍건조 시료에서 가장 높았으며, 팽이와 꽃송이 버섯은 가공방법별 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 아질산염 소거능은 꽃송이버섯의 로스팅 시료에서 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 팽이와 잎새버섯은 유의적 차이가 없거나 생 시료에 비하여 낮았다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 팽이와 꽃송이버섯 로스팅 시료가 생버섯(fresh) 시료에 비하여 증가 하는 것으로 나타났다. 아미노산 분석결과, 잎새버섯은 로스팅 처리로 인하여 아미노산 성분들 중 단맛을 담당하는 세린(Ser), 알라닌(Ala)성분들이 증가함과 동시에 쓴맛을 나타내는 류신(Leu), 이소류신(Ile) 성분들은 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 팽이와 꽃송이버섯은 필수 아미노산 성분을 포함하여 대부분의 아미노산 성분 함량이 로스팅 처리로 인하여 생시료에 비하여 증가하고 있는 것으로 나타나 로스팅 처리가 버섯내의 영양성분 향상에 효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다.

1. 본 연구는 GM콩이 비의도적으로 자연에 방출되었을 시 야생콩과의 교잡에 의해 발생 가능한 교잡콩을 모니터링하고 영양학적 측면에서 안전성을 평가하기 위하여 수행하였다. 이를 위해, 베타카로틴 강화 GM콩과 야생콩, 두 품종간 인위적으로 생산한 교잡콩, GM콩의 모본이자 일반 재배 품종인 광안콩 등 4품종을 국내 2개 지역에서 재배하고 콩 종자를 대상으로 주요 영양성분 38종을 분석하였다. 2. 재배 환경에 영향을 받지 않고, GM콩 및 야생콩과 비교해 교잡콩에서 유의적 차이를 보이는 성분은 조단백질, 조섬유, alanine, glycine, leucine, serine, tryptophan, oleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid 등 10종이었다. 하지만, 분석한 모든 시료의 성분은 국내외 자연 범위에 포함되는 수준이었다. 3. PCA분석 결과, 주요 영양성분 함량 변이는 GM콩은 모본과 유사하였고, 교잡콩은 GM콩 보다는 야생콩과 유사하였다. 즉, 분석한 4품종의 영양성분의 변이는 재배 환경보다는 유전적 요인에 의해 더 크게 영향을 받음을 알았다. 4. 본 연구의 결과는 GM콩과 야생콩간 교잡콩의 영양학적 안전성을 분석한 최초의 보고이며, 이는 향후 GM콩의 비의도적 자연 방출을 모니터링하는데 있어 유용한 기초 자료로써 활용 가치가 있을 것이다.

Pleurotus djamor var. roseus is an edible mushroom isolated from the wild and cultivated on paddy straw substrates. The present study was carried out to compare the nutritional composition and antioxidant properties of P. djamor var. roseus at different growth stages (primordia, basidiomata, and mycelia). The protein content was is in the range of 31.48 to 35.50 g/100g dw. The crude fiber content ranged from 8.0 to 14.60 g, and that of total carbohydrates ranged from 44.75 to 48.90 g. Sodium, magnesium, and calcium reached the maximum levels in basidiomata, and selenium was detected in basidiomata and mycelia (0.47 - 0.22 mg/Kg). The amino acid profile showed that all essential and nonessential amino acids and glycine showed maximum levels in basidiomata and 15.98 ± 0.01 g/100g. The fatty acid profile showed the presence of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids; the unsaturated fatty acid content was maximum in all of the samples, ranging from 76 – 40.41%. The total phenol and flavonoid contents as well as the scavenging (DPPH), ferric thiocyanate (FTC), and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) activities in the context of methanol and water extracts from primordia, basidiomata, and mycelium were determined. Among them, basidiomata and mycelial methanol extracts exhibited significant antioxidant activity. Overall, these findings show that P. djamor var. roseus can be used as a functional food for daily consumption.