본 연구는 고품질 땅콩나물 생산을 위해서 세근발생을 억제시키는 생장조절제의 처리 효과를 검정하기 위해 수행되었다. 땅콩나물의 세근발생억제제인 참시루와 6BA를 ‘조평’과 ‘베트남’땅콩에 처리하면 세근발생억제제의 처리농도가 높을수록 세근 발생수는 감소하였다. 그 효과는 6BA가 참시루보다 우수하였고, ‘베트남’ 땅콩보다는 ‘조평’에서 세근발생억제 효과가 명확하였다. 참시루 및 6BA의 배양용액을 1일간 간격으로 교체하면 배양용액을 교체하지 않는 처리구에 비해 부패균 활동을 억제 시켜 하배축 생장을 촉진시킨 반면 세근발생은 억제시켜 고품질 땅콩나물 생산이 가능하였다. 땅콩나물 재배의 배양용액에 GA3와 참시루를 혼용하여 처리하면 땅콩나물의 생육을 향상시켰고, 적정 처리조건은 GA3 50mg·L-1 + Chamsiru 8.40mg·L-1 처리였다.

1. 캄보디아는 전통적으로 벼가 농업에서 가장 우선시 재배되는 작물인 관계로 쌀 생산증대를 위한 재배방법의 개선과 관리, 공여국과 수혜국간의 협력방안 등 많은 연구가 축적된 반면에 밭작물에 대한 연구는 미비하다. 연중 고온다습한 기후와 우기의 풍부한 강수량은 최적의 작물생육 환경을 제공하고 있고 메콩 강과 뚠레삽 호수를 비롯하여 3개의 강을 보유하고 있어 앞으로 수자원 활용이 가능해지면 지속적인 농업분야의 발전가능성을 엿보게 한다. 산림이 줄고 늘어난 농지에서는 밭작물을 재배하게 될 가능성이 커 현시점에서 주요 밭작물에 대한 생산 현안을 진단하고 농업협력 방안을 모색할 필요성이 있다. 2. 현재 캄보디아는 우기와 건기가 뚜렷이 구분되는 열대몬순지역으로 풍부한 수자원이 우기에 집중되고 있어서 수자원 배분(water allocation)에 어려움을 겪고 있지만 점차 개선되고 있는 관개수로로 인해 관개농 면적이 증가 추세에 있다. 주로 고지대(upland)에 위치한 밭작물 재배농지의 경우, 부족한 관개수로는 농촌 인프라 확충을 위한 협력사업의 증대로 개선될 여지가 있다. 3. 농촌인프라 확충을 위한 협력 사업을 계속 유지하면서 캄보디아 농업관련 기관과의 협력을 통해 기술변화와 세대변동에 따른 다양한 농업 및 농기계 기술 교육제공을 위한 지원이 필요하다. 또한 농업전문가 파견과 같은 인력제공을 통해 가공시설확충과 유통체계개선을 통해 유통단계에서 농민들이 불이익을 받는 일을 줄여야 할 것이며 협동조합과 같은 농민조직의 육성을 통해 생산, 유통, 판매과정에 농민이 중심이 되고 주도적으로 경제활동을 할 수 있도록 유도해야 할 것이다.

Sweetpotato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), especially Q biotype, has been recognized one of the most destructive insect pests worldwide because of increased resistance to some insecticide groups requiring alternative strategies for its control. We studied the conidia production of entomopathogenic fungus Isaria javanica Pf04, which had been reported high virulence isolate against Q biotype of B. tabaci, using grain. Brown rice was most suitable for conidia mass production of the isolate of I. javanica. Conidia was produced high at 25 ~ 27.5℃. The isolate produced more spores when conidia suspension directly inoculated onto media than two-phase fermentation. When concentration of inoculum was high spore production was high, but increasing rate of conidia production was highest at low inoculum concentration (1×105 conidia/ml) as 6,700 times increase compared with 20 times increase at high inoculum concentration (1×108 conidia/ml). These results indicated that the isolate can produce more conidia with cheap agricultural product and can develop as a microbial pesticide to control sweetpotato whitefly.

Body condition score (BCS) is a useful management tool for distinguishing differences in nutritional needs of cows in the herd. Although it is not always possible to quantify the nutrient content of the feed supplied to the donor cow, the nutritional status can be determined by the BCS. The objective of this study was to evaluate in vivo embryo production, return to estrous of donor and pregnancy rate of recipients following BCS in Hanwoo superovulation. Sixty nine Hanwoo donor cows were flushed on day 7 of estrus cycle with same FSH and artificial insemination by the same technicians. Embryos were recovered on 7 days after the third insemination by flushing the uterus with Embryo Collection Medium. The results obtained were as follows: No differences were observed in the efficiency of superovulation rates regardless of BCS (≦2.0, 2.5 to 3.0, and ≧3.5). The mean number of total embryos was each 5.20±0.86, 11.56±1.04, and 6.23±1.07. The mean number of transferable embryo from ≦2.0, 2.5 to 3.0, and ≧3.5 of BCS was 2.60±0.87, 7.94±0.89, and 4.75±1.32, respectively (p<0.05). Return to estrous regardless of donor BCS was no difference. The pregnancy rates of recipient were BCS ≦2.0 11.76%, 2.5 to 3.0 40.79%, and ≧3.5 11.11%, following transfer of fresh embryos produced in vivo, respectively. These results indicate that if the Hanwoo with BCS 2.5 to 3.3 are used for donor and recipient, the embryo production and the conception rate will be greater.

국내보리의 수매중단에 따른 원료곡 수급의 대책을 마련하기위한 기초자료로 보리를 이용한 가공제품을 생산하고 있는 전국의 가공업체 현황과 시중에 유통되고 있는 가공제품의 종류와 가격을 조사하고 이들의 품질정도를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 전국적으로 수집된 보리가공제품(주류제외)에 의해 조사된 보리가공업체의 수는 153개였으며 시도별로는 경기 >충북 >전남 >전북 >경북 >경남 =충남 >강원 >서울 순이었다. 2. 보리함유 가공제품(주류제외)의 품목 수는 17개였으며 가공제품의 수는 240종이었다. 3. 보리가공제품의 품목별 수는 혼합곡 >찰보리쌀 >일반보리쌀 >미숫가루 >보리차 >엿기름 >압맥 >보리과자류 순이었다. 4. 보리가공업체가 생산하는 제품의 종류는 평균 1.6종이었으며 전체업종의 68%가 1 ~ 2 종류를 생산하며, 5종 이상을 생산하는 업체도 13%정도 되었다. 5. 보리쌀 제품류별 유통가격은 압맥(찰성) >흑맥(메성) >할맥(메성) >찰보리쌀 >압맥(메성) >메보리쌀 순이었다. 6. 친환경제품은 일반제품에 비해 평균 41%정도 가격이 높았으며 제품에 따라 12~93%의 가격 차이를 보였고, 차이가 큰 순으로는 보리차 >찰보리쌀 >압맥 >미숫가루 >혼합곡이였다. 7. 동일품목 내에서도 가공업체에 따른 차이는 미숫가루가 가장 커서 최고가가 최저가의 4배 이상이고, 보리차음료(PET병), 보리차(티백), 찰보리쌀(친환경)은 3배 이상의 차이를 보였다. 8. 찰보리쌀 제품 42종 중 찰성순도가 높은 제품이 13종, 찰성과 메성이 혼합된 제품이 26종, 완전 메성인 제품이 3종이었으나, 찰성순도와 이들의 가격 간에는 관련이 없었으며 오히려 찰성순도가 낮은 제품이 비싼 경우도 있었다. 9. 메보리쌀 제품 34종 중 표시가 잘못된 찰성 보리쌀 제품이 1종 있었고, 찰성과 메성이 혼합된 제품이 2종 있었다. 10. 보리 엿기름제품 30종의 평균 효소력가는 131oL로 낮은 편이었으며 150˚L미만의 품질이 낮은 제품이 절반이상이었다. 11. 보리 엿기름의 효소력가와 제품가격 간에 관련이 없었으며 오히려 품질이 낮은 제품이 비싼 경우도 있었다.

This study was designed to determine the effect of electric field strength, duration and fusion buffer in fusion parameters on the rate of membrane fusion between the somatic cell and cytoplast for Korean cattle (HanWoo) somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) procedure. Following electrofusion, effect of 5 or 10 μM Ca2+-ionophore of activation treatment on subsequent development was also evaluated. Cell fusion rates were significantly increased from 23.1% at 20 V/mm to 59.7% at 26 V/mm and 52.9% at 27 V/mm (p<0.05). Due to higher cytoplasmic membrane rupture or cellular lysis, overall efficiency was decreased when the strength was increased to 30 V/mm (18.5%) and 40 V/mm (6.3%) and the fusion rate was also decreased when the strength was at 25 V/mm or below. The optimal duration of electric stimulation was significantly higher in 25 μs than 20 and 30 μs (18.5% versus 9.3% and 6.3%, respectively, p<0.05). Two nonelectrolyte fusion buffers, Zimmermann’s (0.28 M sucrose) and 0.28 M mannitol solution for cell fusion, were used for donor cell and ooplast fusion and the fusion rate was significantly higher in Zimmermann’s cell fusion buffer than in 0.28 M mannitol (91.1% versus 48.4%, respectively, p<0.05). The cleavage and blastocyst formation rates of SCNT bovine embryos activated by 5 μM Ca2+-ionophore was significantly higher than the rates of the embryos activated with 10 μM of Ca2+-ionophore (70.0% versus 42.9% and 22.5% versus 14.3%, respectively; p<0.05). This result is the reverse to that of parthenotes which shows significantly higher cleavage and blastocyst rates in 10 μM Ca2+-ionophore than 5 μM counterpart (65.6% versus 40.3% and 19.5% versus 9.7%, respectively; p<0.05). In conclusion, SCNT couplet fusion by single pulse of 26 V/mm for 25 μs in Zimmermann’s fusion buffer followed by artificial activation with 5 μM Ca2+-ionophore are suggested as optimal fusion and activation methods in Korean cattle SCNT protocol.

대두유의 탈취과정에서 탈취온도, 진공도, cycle time 및 stripping steam 주입량의 4대 요소를 조정하여 탈취를 행한 후 탈취유의 산가, 과산화물가 및 trans 지방산 함량을 측정한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 즉, 탈취온도가 높을수록 AV, POV는 하락하였으나 trans 지방산 함량이 비례적으로 증가하였다. 진공도는 4torr 수준이 적정하였으며, CT는 길어질수록 효과가 우수하였다. SS주입량은 2.0%(w/w) 수준이 가장 적절한 조건이었다. 이러한 결과를 종합적으로 볼 때, 대두유에서 trans 지방산 함량을 상대적으로 낮게 할 수 있는 탈취조건은 최고 탈취온도 235℃, 진공도 4torr, CT 14~15분 및 SS주입량 2.0%(w/w)내외의 조건에서 trans 지방산 함량 0.31% 내외의 우수한 탈취유의 생산이 가능하였다. 결과적으로 탈취과정에서 trans 지방산 생성량을 극소화하기 위하여는 탈취온도가 가장 중요하였는데, AV, POV 등 다른 품질 요인들을 동시에 고려할 때, 더 이상의 탈취온도 하락은 어려운 것으로 판단된다.

V. parahaemolyticus possessed an extracellular alkaline protease activity during the stationary growth phase. Various factors such as initial pH of medium, incubation temperature and shaking rate were investigated for optimizing the production of allcaline protease from V. parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802. Maximal activity of the protease was obtained when the bacteria were grown in 2% skim milk medium in 0.1 M tris/HCl buffer (pH 7.6). Maximal activity of the protease was obtained when the bacteria were grown at initial pH of 7.6, incubation temperature of 37℃ and shaking rate of 250 rpm.

V. parahaemolyticus possessed an extracellular alkaline protease activity during the stationary growth phase. Various factors such as nitrogen sources, the concentration of NaCl and metal ions were investigated for optimizing the production of alkaline protease from V. parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802. Among the nitrogen sources tested skim milk showed the distinct increase of the activity and the activity was the highest at 2% in final concentration after 60 hours incubation. The addition of NaCl and metal ions did not increase the alkaline protease activity. CoC1₂, CuC1₂, and HgCl rather highly inhibited alkaline protease production.

고추장에서 점물질을 생산하는 세균을 분리하고 Bacillus licheniformis로 동정하였다. 본 균주는 sucrose 6%, Yeast extract 0.1%, peptone 0.1%, NaC1 3%의 배지조성에서 pH를 6으로 조정하였을 때 점물질 생산량이 가장 높았고 생산량은 34mg/250ml였다. 이 점물질은 1%농도에서 필름 형성능이 있었고, 0.25-1.00%의 시험범위에서 Kaolin을 침전시키고, 유산균 현탁액을 안정화시키는 능력을

This study was carried out to establish an effective and practical system for commercialization of embryo production techniques by analyzing several factors influencing in vivo embryo production on condition of donors treated FSH-P and SUPER-OV in Korean native cattle. In vivo embryos were flushed 226 times from 128 donors. The results obtained for the factors influencing in vivo embryo production by conditionof donors treated FSH-P and SUPER-OV were as follows :1. Age and parity of donors did not affect the transferable and freezable embryos among the treatments in FSH-P but the transferable and freezable embryos were decreased after 6 years old and 4th parity in SUPER-OV(P<0.01). 2. The production of embryos on the weight of donors was higher in over 400kg of body weight in FSH-P(P<0.01) and was higher in over 450kg than 400~450kg of body weight in SUPER-OV(P<0.05). For FSH-P embryo production was better responded in 350~450kg of body weight with 30~32mg doses, and showed a better result in over 450kg body weight with 32~34mg doses.(Key Words : in vivo embryo, donors, FSH-P SUPER-OV)

I. The Factors Influencing In Vivo Embryo Production by Condition of Superovulation Treatment These studies were carried out to establish an effective and practical system for comrnercialization of embryo production techniques by analyzing several factors influencing in vivo embryo production on superovulation treatment in Korean native cattle. In vivo embryos were flushed 226 times from 128 donors.The results obtained from the studies on the factors influencing in vivo embryo production by superovulation treatment were as follows : FSH-P had a significiant advantage(83.0%) over SUPER-OV in the percentage of fertilized embryos(P<0.01). No difference was found loetween FSH-P and SUPER-OV in the percentage of transferable and freezable embryos.2. The response of superovulation by SUPER-OV was greater than that of FSH-P The donors having 8~9 and more than 10 of corpora lutea(CL) derived by FSH-P were 40.0%(most frequent) and 33%, respectively. The donors having more than 12 and 10 CL derived by SUPER -OV were 33.3% (most frequent) and 56.6%, respectively.3. Embryo production after treatment of repeated superovulation was remarkablely decreased at 3rd time by FSH-P but did not differ among 1, 2 and 3rd times by SUPER-OV. Embryo production on intervals of repeated superovulation was significantly different for the number and percentage of fertilized, transferable and free-zable' embryos in FSH-P (P<0.01) and rernarkablely decreased in repeated superovulation of 81~120 interval days. The SUPER-OV showed no differences in interval days of repeated superovulation and was found better than FSH-P in the response of repeated superovulation. (Key words : in Vivo embryo, superovulation, FSH -P, SUPER-OV)

To determine the effects of potassium() fertilization level(0, 100, 200 and 300 kg/ha/year) on the growth, dry matter(DM) yield, nutritive value and nitrate nitrogen(-N) concentration of grasses grown under shading condition, this experiment was carried o

Cordyceps has been used in traditional Chinese medicine more than 2000 year ago. In this study, the new Cordyceps militaris was founded and isolated from O-dae mountain in Korea, and was identified its genetic characteristics. The newly isolation strain HB8 was most closet to Cordyceps militaris W141449 (99.82%), Cordyceps militaris JLCY-LI819 (99.82%) and Cordyceps militaris 4642 (99.81%), respectively. the genotypic result was show that train HB8 was belonging to the Cordyceps militaris genus, therefore, Cordycep militaris HB8 proposed with accession number MT835161. This study we find the optimal condition for production of cordycepin from Cordyceps militaris HB8 was 8 ㎎ /g (200 g of pupa, 1 g of KH2PO4, 0.5 g of K2HPO4, 20 g of glucose, 1 g of MgSO4, 0.05 g of vitamin B1, and 1 ㎎ of NAA per liter; light condition 300-700 Lux and day/night was 14 h/10 h) and the optimum condition for the production of adenosine was 2.6 ㎎/g (15 g of skim milk powder, 1 g of KH2PO4, 0.5 g of K2HPO4, 20 g of glucose, 1 g of MgSO4, 0.05 g of vitamin B1, and 1 ㎎ of NAA per liter; light condition 300-700 Lux and day/night was 14 h/10 h).

The study was conducted to obtain the basic information for extending the harvest season and selecting superior cultivars of mango. For the purposes, various cultivars were imported and cultivated in greenhouse condition, Korea. The periods of flowering and fruit maturity and fruit qualities among cultivars were investigated under greenhouse condition. As the early variety, the harvest time of ‘Carrie’ and ‘Glenn’ was fastest as June 3 based on harvest time and cumulative temperature. ‘Kent’, ‘Philippine’, ‘Irwin’, ‘Choc-anon’, and ‘Fairchild’ as the early variety were harvested from June 8 to June 13. ‘Zill’, ‘Florigon’, ‘Alphonso’, ‘Mallika’, ‘Kensington Pride’, ‘Bailey’s Marvel’, and ‘Pinkering’ as midseason cultivar were harvested from June 15 to June 23. ‘Dot’, ‘Keitt’, ‘Gold Nugget’, and ‘Lancetilla’ as late ripening variety were harvested from July 5 to July 10. The fruit weights of ‘Keitt’ and ‘Kent’ were more than 650g and those of ‘Fairchild’ and ‘Lancetilla’ were less than 200g. The fruit weights of other cultivars were from 300 to 400g. The soluble solid contents of ‘Zill’, ‘Irwin’, ‘Kent’ and ‘Glenn’ were almost 15Brix and those of other cultivars were higher than that of ‘Irwin’. The soluble solid contents of ‘Pinkering’, ‘Philippine’, ‘Lancetilla’, ‘Dot’, and ‘Alphonso’ were about 20Brix and flavors of those cultivars are excellent. The acid contents of cultivars were investigated from 0.2 to 0.4% but that of ‘Fairchild’ was 0.8%.

Subcritical hydrolysis followed by methyl estrification was used to produce bio-diesel from low valued waste cooking oil at mild reaction conditions in this study. More than 90% fatty acid methyl esther (FAME) conversion was achieved by subcritical hydrolysis without using catalysts at 275℃ for 45 minutes. The highest conversion to linoleic acid (C18:2) was obtained at this condition. The higher content of free fatty acid (FFA) in waste cooking oil resulted in higher conversion to FAME. It was also observed more prominent at high temperature due to auto catalytic behavior of FFA. FAME yield found about 92% without using catalyst; whereas 98% yield was obtained using 80% TiO2 loading S-TiO2/MCM-41 catalyst at 220℃ and 20 minutes. The amount of FAME increased may be due to trans-esterification of un-reacted TG, DG, and MG with methanol remained during the hydrolysis stage. The higher FAME conversion means the better quality bio-diesel.

본 연구는 조경용 식물소재 재배에 관한 매뉴얼 마련을 위해 설 문조사를 실시하였고, 실제 조경식물을 생산하는 농가의 경영자들이 이용하고 있는 자료를 조사하고 어떠한 문제점이 있는지를 분석 하였다. 본 설문조사를 통해 얻은 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 조경식물을 생산하는데 있어서 주로 참고하는 자료는 인 터넷 검색이 가장 높게 나타났다. 이는 생산자들이 조경식물을 재 배하는데 참고할 수 있는 ‘조경식물 생산기술과 유통 매뉴얼’의 부 재가 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다. 둘째, 조경식물 생산기술 참고 자료 중 종자준비에 있어서 기술적으로 가장 부족한 항목은 발아처 리방법이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 종자준비와 관련된 정보가 부족하 다고 생각하는 이유로는 참고자료에 제시된 내용들이 실제 생산현 장에 적용하기에는 적합하지 않았기 때문이다. 발아처리방법은 조 경식물별로 특성이 매우 다양하여 종자처리방법을 달리해야 한다. 따라서 조경식물별 종자의 특성에 적합한 실제적인 종자처리방법 이 제시되어야 할 것이다. 셋째, 번식에 있어서 기술적으로 가장 부 족한 항목은 온도·습도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 번식 관련 정보가 부 족하다고 생각하는 이유는 실제 생산현장에서 적용한 기술과 참고 자료의 기술이 달랐다고 대다수가 응답하였다. 따라서 우리나라의 재배환경에 맞는 적합한 기술 제시가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 넷 째, 정식 및 관리에 있어서 기술적으로 가장 부족한 항목은 병충해 가 가장 높은 비중을 차지하였다. 정식 및 관리 관련 정보가 부족하 다고 생각하는 이유는 정식에 관한 자료 없음이 가장 높게 나타났 다. 재배농가에서 정식과 관리는 수요자에게 유통되기 전 최적의 식물상태를 보여주어야 하는 단계로 많은 생산자들이 세심하게 신 경 쓰는 중요한 과정이다. 따라서 정식에 관한 자료가 부족한 만큼 자세한 정보가 제시된 매뉴얼이 제공되어야 한다. 다섯째, 유통부 문에 대한 가장 부족한 항목은 유통경로가 가장 높았으며, 유통 관 련 정보가 부족하다고 생각하는 이유는 유통에 관한 자료 없음이 가장 높았다. 특히 조경식물은 판매장 등 유통시설이 부족하고 유 통과 관련된 자료와 문헌이 미흡하여 조경산업의 발전을 더디게 하 는 요인이 되고 있다. 따라서 판매장 등 유통시설을 확충하여 유통 체계를 확립하고 유통시기, 포장방식, 포장규격 등에 관한 표준화 된 매뉴얼이 개발되어야 한다. 이상과 같이 설문조사를 통해 조경식물 재배에 실제 농가들이 참고하는 자료의 이용실태와 문제점을 고찰하였다. 향후 설문조 사에서 조경용 소재를 생산하는 농가의 경영자들이 부족한 부분이 라고 지적한 항목들에 대해 이를 보완할 수 있는 실제적인 ‘조경용 식물소재(조경식물) 생산기술과 유통 매뉴얼’이 개발되어야 할 것 이다.

Bacterial cellulose (BC) has played important role as new functional material for food industry and industrial products based on its unique properties. The interest in BC from static cultures has increased steadily in recent years because of its potential for use in medicine and cosmetics. In this study, we investigated culture condition for BC production by Acetobacter sp. F15 in static culture. The strain F15, which was isolated from decayed fruit, was selected on the basis of BC thickness. The optimal medium compositions for BC production were glucose 7%, soytone 12%, K2HPO4 0.2%, NaH2PO4ㆍ2H2O 0.2%, lactic acid 0.05% and ethanol 0.3%, respectively. The strain F15 was able to produce BC at 26℃-36℃ with a maximum at 32 ℃. BC production occurred at pH 4.5-8 with a maximum at pH 6.5. Under these conditions, a maximum BC thickness of 12.15 mm was achieved after 9 days of cultivation; this value was about 2.3-fold higher than the thickness in basic medium. Scanning electron micrographs showed that BC from the optimal medium was more compact than plant cellulose and was reticulated structure consisting of ultrafine cellulose fibrils. BC from the optimal medium was found to be of cellulose type I, the same as typical native cellulose.