본 논문에서는 스테레오 비전 센서를 이용한 프리팹 강구조물(PSS: Prefabricated Steel Structures)의 조립부 형상 품질 평가 기법을 소개한다. 스테레오 비전 센서를 통해 모형의 조립부 영상과 포인트 클라우드 데이터를 수집하였으며, 퍼지 기반 엣지 검출, 허프 변 환 기반 원형의 볼트 홀 검출 등의 영상처리 알고리즘을 적용하여 조립부 영역의 볼트홀을 검출하였다. 영상 내 추출된 볼트홀 외곽선 위 세 점의 위치 정보에 대응되는 3차원 실세계 위치 정보를 깊이 영상으로부터 획득하였으며, 이를 기반으로 각 볼트홀의 3차원 중심 위치를 계산하였다. 통계적 기법 중 하나인 주성분 분석 알고리즘(PCA: Principal component analysis) 알고리즘을 적용함으로써 3차 원 위치 정보를 대표하는 최적의 좌표축을 계산하였다. 이를 통해 센서의 설치 방향 및 위치에 따라 센서와 부재 간 평행이 아니더라도 안정적으로 볼트홀 간의 거리를 계측하도록 하였다. 각 볼트홀의 2차원 위치 정보를 기반으로 볼트홀의 순서를 정렬하였으며, 정렬된 볼트홀의 위치 정보를 바탕으로 인접한 볼트홀 간의 각 축의 거리 정보를 계산하여 조립부 볼트홀 위치 중심의 형상 품질을 분석하였 다. 측정된 볼트홀 간의 거리 정보는 실제 도면의 거리 정보와의 절대오차와 상대오차를 계산하여 성능 비교를 진행하였으며, 중앙값 기준 1mm 내의 절대오차와 4% 이내의 상대오차의 계측 성능을 확인하였다.

With the advancement and diversification of the bread industry, eco-friendly products with less sugar and salt, and containing functional ingredients are being developed. To develop healthy bread, Korean pine leaf powder was added in different proportions (0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%), and the quality characteristics of the bread, namely height, moisture, color value, texture, antioxidant property, and sensory characteristics were evaluated. As the amount of leaf powder was increased in the bread, L-value in the range of 53.45~85.05 (p<0.001) and adhesiveness in the range of 0.13~0.32 mJ (p<0.001) decreased significantly, whereas b-value in the range of 16.75~30.74 (p<0.001), total polyphenol content in the range of 466.83~669.13 ug/mL, ABTS- in the range of 0.46~43.23%, DPPH-radical in the range of 1.39~45.76%, scavenging capacities (p<0.001), color in the range of 3.27~5.40 (p=0.017) and texture in the range of 4.33~4.80 (p=0.006) preferences increased significantly. This study could increase the utilization of Korean pine leaf and the production of healthy food with antioxidant properties.

조류의 이상증식을 일으키는 새만금호 부영양화를 평가하기 위해 Carlson 지수를 적용하였다. 연구를 위해 2021년 월별로 새만 금호내 총 7개 정점에서 수질조사를 실시하였다. Chl.a의 농도는 동계에는 만경수계가 약간 높았고, 춘계와 하계에는 동진수계가 약간 높 게 나타났으나, 일부 시기를 제외하고는 전체적으로 호소 수질환경기준 3등급과 비슷하거나 낮은 농도를 나타내었다. COD는 만경수계와 동진수계 모두 하계와 추계에 호소 수질환경기준 4등급과 유사하거나 상회하는 수질을 나타내었다. TOC는 모든 지점에서 3등급 이내의 수질을 보였다. 총인 농도는 호수 수질환경기준 4등급을 초과하였고, 월별로는 1월과 강우 후 8월에 높게 나타났다. 수질인자간의 상관성 분석에서 염분 농도에 대한 유기물, 총인, 총질소의 상관성이 상대적으로 높게 나타나 배수갑문을 통한 해수유입과 상류 하천을 통한 담 수 유입에 의한 담수역, 기수역, 해수역의 수질 특징을 반영하고 있었다. 영양상태지수에 의한 새만금호의 부영양화 변동 특성을 보면, Chl.a와 SD, TN의 지수에서 부영양화 초기 단계의 수질을 보였으며, TP 지수의 경우 심각한 부영양화 상태를 나타내고 있었다. 수질인자 간 부영양화 지수의 크기는 모든 수계에서 TSI(TP) > TSI(TN) > TSI(SD) > TSI(CHL)의 순으로 나타났다. TSI(CHL)에 대한 TSI(TP) 및 TSI(SD)와의 편차를 2차원 평면으로 나타낸 사분면 분석 결과를 보면, 조류 성장에 대한 총인이 영향에서는 모든 수계에서 대부분의 총인 (TP)에 의한 제한적 영향은 나타나지 않았으며, 빛 감쇠에 영향을 미치는 인자는 외부로부터 유입되는 적은 입자상 물질에 의한 영향이 크게 나타나는 것으로 평가할 수 있다.

Benthic attached diatoms (BADs), a major primary producer in lotic stream and river ecosystems are micro-sized organisms and require a highly magnified microscopic technique in the observation work. Thus, it is often not easy to ensure accuracy and precision in both qualitative and quantitative analyses. This study proposed a new technique applicable to improve quality control of aquatic ecosystem monitoring and assessment using BADs. In order to meet the purpose of quality control, we developed a permanent mounting slide technique which can be used for both qualitative and quantitative analyses simultaneously. We designed specimens with the combination of grid on both cover and slide glasses and compared their efficiency. As a result of observation and counting of BADs, the slide glass designed with the color-lined grid showed the highest efficiency compared to other test conditions. We expect that the method developed in this study could be effectively used to analyze BADs and contributed to improve the quality control in aquatic ecosystem health monitoring and assessment.

Vulnerable populations in healthcare facilities are more sensitive to exposure to indoor air pollutants, and therefore are more affected by such pollutants than the general population. This was the underlying reason why studies of indoor air pollutant concentration distribution and health risk assessment have been conducted targeting facilities, such as daycare centers, medical facilities, elderly care facilities, and postnatal care centers. However, previous studies have mainly focused on daycare and medical facilities for their research, and relatively speaking, studies conducted on the other venues are lacking. Therefore, this study aims to present the current status of indoor air quality and perform a health risk assessment in regard to Formaldehyde exposure at postnatal care centers and elderly care facilities. Here, the study focused on facilities that had undergone pollution level inspections from January 2017 to December 2021. A total of 81 postnatal care centers and 48 elderly care facilities were selected as the subject of the study. Then, the study utilized concentrations of five elements (CO2, HCHO, PM10, PM2.5, TBC) to determine the status of indoor air quality of both postnatal care centers and elderly care facilities. For health risk assessment, HCHO concentration was used. The investigation demonstrated that the yearly average concentration of the five elements stood within the indoor air quality maintenance standards, and the ratio of PM2.5 to PM10 in the two types of facilities was distributed as high as about 70%. In addition, the study showed that HCHO and TBC demonstrated a positive correlation when the relationship between indoor temperature and humidity with the five elements was examined. The health risk assessment showed that the cancer risk level of postnatal care center users stood below 10-6, below the level that is perceived as an acceptable risk. The cancer risk of workers from both postnatal care centers and elderly care facilities and elderly care facility users exceeded the acceptable risk level of 10-6, but was shown to be below 10-4, the maximum acceptable risk.

In terms of habitat conservation, it is essential to develop a habitat assessment system that can evaluate not only the suitability of the current habitat, but also the health and stability of the habitat. This study aimed to develop a methodology of habitat quality assessment for endangered species by analyzing various existing habitat assessment methods. The habitat quality assessment consisted of selecting targeted species, planning of assessment, selecting targeted sites, assessing performance, calculating grade, and expert verification. Target sites were selected separately from core and potential habitats using a species distribution model or habitat suitability index. Habitat assessment factors were classified into ecological characteristic, landscape characteristic, and species-habitat characteristic. Ecological characteristic consisted of thirteen factors related to health of tree, vegetation, and soil. Landscape characteristic consisted of five factors related to fragment and connectivity of habitat. Species-habitat characteristic consisted of factors for evaluating habitat suitability depending on target species. Since meanings are different depending on characteristics, habitat quality assessment of this study could be used by classifying results for each characteristic according to various assessment purposes, such as designation of alternative habitats, assessment of restoration project, and protected area valuation for endangered species. Forest habitat quality assessment is expected to play an important role in conservation acts of endangered species in the future through continuous supplementation of this system in regard to quantitative assessment criteria and weighting for each factor with an influence.

Food toxins are regarded as a major source of health risks, serious illnesses susceptible to even death. These dangerous pathogens may lead to significant economic impact worldwide. The food production chain undergoes different stages like harvesting, processing, storage, packaging, distribution, and lastly preparation, and consumption. Therefore, each step is susceptible to risks of environmental contamination. Nowadays, the carbon quantum dots (CDs) are regarded as one of the most widely used hybrid carbon nanomaterials due to their different magical physical and chemical properties. The CDs have a size below 10 nm and show the fluorescent property. The CDs find vast applications in different fields like sensing, food safety, drug delivery, bioimaging, catalyst, energy conversion, etc. Compared to other available methods, the fluorescence detection techniques have low cost, easy handling, and safe operating system. There is a need for a review to compile the fluorescence properties of carbon nanodots used to detect food pathogens. This brief review is addressed in that direction and mostly focused on the synthesis of carbon dots-based fluorescence sensors for detecting pathogens and toxins in foods and beverages. The detailed mechanisms and origin of fluorescence properties of carbon quantum dots are also highlighted herewith.

Benthic macroinvertebrates are important ecological and environmental indicators as primary or secondary consumers, and therefore are widely used in the evaluation of aquatic environments. However, there are no comprehensive river ecosystem monitoring surveys that link the major physicochemical water quality items with benthic macroinvertebrates in urban streams. Therefore, this study investigated the distribution characteristics of benthic macroinvertebrates and physicochemical water quality items (17 items) in Yangjaecheon and Yeouicheon from 2019 to 2020. At the same time, by applying Spearman’s rank correlation analysis and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) analysis in the water quality data and biotic index, we tried to provide basic data for diagnosing the current status of river ecosystems in major urban rivers in Seoul. Based on the study results, a total of 39 species and 3,787 individuals were identified in Yangjaecheon, the water quality (based on BOD, TOC, and TP) of Yangjaecheon was higher than Grade Ib (good), and the BMI using benthic macroinvertebrates appeared as Grade C (normal) at all the sites. In Yeouicheon, a total of 51 species and 4,199 individuals were identified, the water quality (based on BOD, TOC, TP) was higher than Grade Ib (good) similar to Yangjaecheon, and the BMI of both Upstream and Saewon bridge was Grade B (good), while Yeoui bridge was Grade C (normal). Overall, analysis results for the distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates by a nonmetric multidimensional scaling method showed no significant difference between the two streams (p=0.1491). Also, significant environmental variables related to benthic macroinvertebrates distribution were determined as water temperature and DO. On the other hand, the results of the correlation analysis between biotic index and major water quality items confirmed that R1 and BMI could be used for on-site urban river water quality evaluation.

저서동물은 저서환경특성을 나타내는 중요한 지시자로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 무안만 조 하대의 환경 및 저서동물의 분포특성을 조사하였으며, 수질평가지수(WQI)와 저서생물지수 (AMBI)를 이용하여 저서생태계 건강성을 평가하였다. 현장채집은 2019년 하계 무안만 조하대 의 10개 정점에서 이루어졌다. 무안만 조하대는 상부지역이 하부지역에 비해 세립한 입도특성 을 나타내고 있었으며, 높은 유기물 함량을 보였다. 일부 정점에서 오염지표종인 Musculista senhousia, Theora fragilis and Lumbrineris longifolia과 같은 종들도 우점을 나타내고 있었다. 군집분석결과 무안만 조하대는 상부, 중부, 하부 그룹으로 구분되었으며, 유기물 함량과 저서 건강성 평가지수(WQI 및 AMBI)와의 상관결과와 일치하였다. 본 연구결과, 무안만 조하대의 저서생태계는 양호한 것으로 평가되었다. 하지만 저서동물이 균등하게 분포하지 않고, 기회 종이 출현하고 있어 조하대의 유기물 부하량이 증가하고 있는 것으로 보인다.

The aims of this study were to measure the ultrasonographic biometry of genitalia of the indigenous rams and observe the relationship of biometry on semen parameters. The epididymal volume was significantly reduced (p < 0.01) after semen collection compared with before collection for both left and right part in all rams. The cumulative results showed that although there was no significant difference in length, width and volume of epididymis between before and after semen collection, however the values were lower after collection. The epididymal length was significantly correlated with epididymal volume (p < 0.01), semen motility (p < 0.05) and semen morphology (p < 0.01). Epididymal width was only significantly correlated with epididymal volume (p < 0.01) not with the semen parameters. Epididymal volume had a significant correlation only with semen morphology (p < 0.01).The scrotal circumference had the significant correlation with semen density, mass activity, concentration and motility (p < 0.01). The epididymis had the similar or slightly increased echogenicity as compared to the normal testis. During whole study, some white spots were found on testis which did not affect the semen quantity and quality. Significant variation was observed only for semen concentration and motility among the rams (p < 0.05). The overall normal morphology was 90.5 ± 4.6% with highest percentage of coiled tail abnormalities.

2019년 경기도내 전통시장, 대형마트, 반찬전문점에서 수거한 반찬류의 미생물 품질을 조사하였다. 반찬류 108 건의 식중독 원인균을 검사하였고, 그 중 75건에 대해서는 구매 장소별, 조리 방법별 위생세균 검사를 진행하였 다. 14건(12.9%)에서 Bacillus cereus가 검출되었으며, 나머지 94건에서는 식중독 원인균이 검출되지 않았다. 위생 세균 검사에서 일반세균의 평균 검출량(범위)은 전통시장이 5.8 log CFU/g (3.0-8.2 log CFU/g), 대형마트는 4.3 log CFU/g(2.3-7.8 log CFU/g), 반찬전문점에서는 3.8 log CFU/g (0.0- 6.9 log CFU/g)로 나타났으며, 구입 장소에 따른 유의적인 차이가 있었다(Ρ <0.05). 전통시장의 일반세균수와 대장균 군은 대형마트, 반찬점과 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었고, 생채류, 나물류, 볶음류, 젓갈류, 조림류 순으로 일반 세균수와 대장균군이 높게 검출되었다. 콩나물 무침의 보 관온도별 일반세균수의 변화는 냉장보관(4oC)에서는 72시간 경과에서도 큰 변화가 없었으나, 상온보관(20oC) 및 고 온보관(35oC) 시 구입 후 각각 9시간, 6시간 경과 시 부패의 가능성이 제기되어 구입 즉시 냉장보관 할 것을 권장하며, 제품을 판매하는 시설에서도 냉장보관을 하여야 할 것이다.

목적 : 이 연구는 대한작업치료학회지에 게재 논문을 중심으로 국내 작업치료 분야 메타분석 논문의 방법론적 질을 평가하고 메타분석 연구를 위한 지침을 제공하는 것이다. 연구방법 : 창간호부터 2019년까지 발간된 대한작업치료학회지 게재 논문 중 메타분석 논문을 검색하여 최종적으로 7편의 논문을 선택하였다. 메타분석 논문의 방법론적 질은 AMSTAR 평가도구의 기준에 따라 분석하였다. 결과 : 메타분석 논문의 전체 방법론적 질 평균점수는 6.71점(SD=0.70)으로 보통 수준에 해당하였다. 분석논문들은 모두 보통 수준(100%)에 해당하였으며 높은 수준 및 낮은 수준의 연구는 한 편도 없었다. 분석대상 연구들은 AMSTAR의 11개 항목 중 7개 항목을 충실하게 이행하고 있었으나, 4개 항목(회색문헌 사용, 포함 및 배제논문 목록 제시, 결론 도출 시 질 평가 결과 활용, 이해상충 기술)에 대해서는 공통적으로 거의 수행하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 작업치료 분야의 메타분석 연구들은 방법론적 분석과정을 보통 수준 이상으로 충실하게 수행하는 것으로 확인되었으나, 메타분석 시 회색문헌을 선정기준에 포함하고 개별연구 질 평가 결과를 결론에 반영하며 이해상충 표기를 함으로서 메타분석 논문의 질 향상을 위한 노력을 지속하여야 하겠다.

River water quality and organisms have a very close relationship with the human living environment and health, so it is very important to ensure and maintain the ecological integrity of the aquatic ecosystem. In that sense, benthic diatoms have relatively little mobility, can explain the effects of long-term exposed pollution sources, and are very suitable indicator organisms for river ecosystem evaluation. Diatom ecologists have been developed various diatom indices to assess water quality and stream ecosystem over the world. However, they so far have insufficient identification of taxa, are strongly regional, and are difficult to apply as they are domestically. Unfortunately, there has not been developed an independent diatom index suitable for the Korean stream. Therefore, management of water quality and aquatic ecosystem suitable for domestic rivers can be made, and development or improvement of comprehensive multivariate diatom index for the integrated assessment of water quality and aquatic ecosystem is urgently needed.

In this study, we measured the concentration of Particulate Matter(PM10), Formaldehyde(HCHO), and Total Bacteria Count (TBC) at two facilities: day care centers, and postnatal care centers located in the cities of Gyeonggi, Gangwon, Jeolla and Gyeongsang from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2015. PM10 concentration was similar to the day care centers and postnatal care centers. HCHO concentration was the highest in the postnatal care centers. TBC concentration was the highest in the day care centers. Comparing the different cities, PM10 concentration was the highest in Gyeonggi, HCHO concentration was the highest in Gyeonggi, and TBC concentration was the highest in Gyeonggi. As a result of HCHO's risk assessment, it was found that adults exceeded the carcinogenicity tolerance of 10−6 specified by the US EPA. This study is expected to be helpful in preventing damage to health from the contaminated indoor air at sensitive facilities, and can be used as basic data for indoor air quality management.