본 연구에서는 인천광역시에서 유통되는 수산물의 안전 성을 확보하기 위하여 2023년부터 2024년까지 연안부두 활어도매시장, 소래포구 전통어시장 등에서 수거한 22품 목 107건을 대상으로 잔류동물용의약품 실태조사를 실시 하였다. 잔류동물용의약품 분석은 식품공전 일반시험법의 축·수산물 중 동물용의약품 동시 다성분 시험법으로 분석 가능한 동물용의약품 51종(2023년), 156종(2024년)을 분석 하였다. 수산물 107건 중 21건(19.6%)에서 잔류동물용의약품 이 검출되었으며 넙치 4건(3.7%)은 잔류동물용의약품 허용 기준을 초과하였다. 잔류동물용의약품 검출빈도는 넙치 14회 (53.8%), 조피볼락 3회(21.4%)로 다른 수산물에 비해 높은 검 출빈도 및 검출률을 나타내었고 가장 높은 검출빈도를 나타 낸 잔류동물용의약품은 oxytetracycline(8회), amoxicillin(6회), enrofloxacin(3회), trimethoprim(2회)로 나타났다. 넙치 4건에서 amoxicillin, benzylpenicillin, oxytetracycline이 잔류기준을 초과 하였으나 대부분 불검출 또는 잔류허용기준 이하로 검출되 어 안전한 수준으로 평가되었다. 그러나 일부 수산물에서 잔류허용기준의 최대 85.7배까지 잔류동물용의약품이 검 출되는 사례도 발생하므로 수산물의 안전관리와 소비자의 불안감을 해소하기 위해서 양식장, 어민 등을 대상으로 동 물용의약품의 올바른 사용법 준수, 휴약기간 준수 등 교 육과 홍보를 지속적으로 실시하고 잔류동물용의약품의 모 니터링을 통해 부적합 수산물의 유통을 사전에 차단하는 것이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

복숭아혹진딧물(Myzus persicae Sulzer, Hemiptera: Aphididae)은 채소작물, 과수작물과 화훼작물에 발생하여 농업과 원예작물에 경제적 피해를 주는 주요 해충이다. 복숭아혹진딧물과 기주내부 미생물간의 상호작용을 이해하기 위해, 격리된 사육시설에서 약 2년간 누대사육된 복숭아 혹진딧물 내의 미생물 군집구조는 16S rRNA gene을 이용하여 분석하였다. 복숭아혹진딧물에 우점하는 미생물은 γ-proteobacteria에 속하는 Buchnera sp., Pseudomonas sp., Propionibacterium sp. 등이 주요 우점하는 것을 확인되었다. 미생물 군집크기분석은 정량 PCR을 통해 분석하였 으며, 박테리아 군집의 크기가 곰팡이 군집보다 약 4,300배 큰 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과로부터 복숭아혹진딧물 내부에는 γ-proteobacteria 에 속하는 Buchnera sp.가 기주와 매우 밀접한 상호관계가가 이루어진다고 판단되어진다. 본 연구의 결과는 복숭아혹진딧물과 기주내부 미생물간 의 상호작용을 이해하는데 기초자료로 제공될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

This study aimed to compare effects of cultivation areas (upland and reclaimed land) and harvest time on contents of bioactive components and antioxidant activities of wheat sprouts. Contents of Ca and K were higher in upland, while content of Mg was higher in reclaimed land. Mineral content decreased after winter, regardless of the harvest time. Total dietary fiber increased by 24.3% in reclaimed land and improved by 45.2% after winter, with Ariginheuk showing the highest fiber content (34.41 ± 0.53 g/100 g). Total polyphenols increased by 48.6% in reclaimed, but decreased by 26.7% after winter. Similarly, flavonoids increased by 87.8% in reclaimed land but declined after winter. Content of octacosanol, a key bioactive compound, was 33.2% higher (7.75 ± 0.09 mg/g) in Ariginheuk grown in reclaimed land and decreased after winter. Antioxidant activities measured by ABTS and DPPH assays increased by 51.4% and 82.4%, respectively, in reclaimed land, with pre-winter harvests showing higher scavenging abilities. Overall, reclaimed land generally showed higher contents of bioactive components, with contents of pre-winter harvests being more beneficial. These findings highlight significant differences in wheat sprouts' physiological activities based on cultivation area and harvest time, suggesting that reclaimed land and pre-winter harvesting might offer advantages.

본연구는 계획행동이론 요인으로 태도, 주관적 규범, 지각된 행동통제의 계획행동이론으로 아로 마테라피의 계획행동이 행동의도에 미치는 영향을 알아보는데 목적을 두었다. 아로마테라피 계획행동이 행동의도 독립변수의 태도, 주관적 규범, 지각된 행동통제는 아로마테라피 행동의도에 유의미한 긍정적인 인과관계가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 가설1의 “아로마테라피 계획행동이 행동의도에 미치는 영향을 미칠것 이다” 의 검증 결과로 아로마테라피 계획행동 중에 태도, 지각된 행동통제, 주관적 규범이 클수록 참여의도 역시 상승하는 것을 확인된 선행연구와 본 연구가 유사한 결과로 검증이 일치하였다. 이같은 결과는 아로 마테라피 계획행동이 행동의도를 통해 아로마테라피의 시장점유율상승, 스트레스감소, 건강증진에 기여할 것으로 시사한다.

Gastrodia elata has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating headaches, dizziness, and convulsive illness for centuries. G. elata has traditionally been processed by steaming or blanching to increase the content and quality of its main ingredients. This study aimed to identify changes in physicochemical properties and active ingredients of G. elata depending on the steaming time. Data of this study could be used to develop traditional medicine and health foods. No steaming was used as a control. Steaming time was 5, 10, 20, 30, 60, or 120 min. The drying yield according to the steaming time ranged from 20.2% to 22.9%, with the lowest drying yield at 120 min. As the steaming time increased, gastrodin content increased more than that in fresh G. elata due to inhibition of β-glucosidase enzyme activity, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol condensation, and parishin decomposition. Steamed G. elata did not show higher total polyphenols, total flavonoids, or ABTS radical scavenging activities than fresh G. elata even with an increase of steaming time. The steaming time to improve the quality of G. elata may varied depending on the size of G. elata. Thus, it is important to set the steaming time taking these characteristics into consideration.

To investigate residual pesticide levels in agricultural products contained in Meal-kits, 27 Meal-kit products were collected from marts, Meal-kit shops, and online stores in Incheon City, South Korea. Seventy-six vegetable and thirty-seven mushroom products were analyzed for residual levels of 339 pesticides. Residual pesticides were detected in 23 out of 76 vegetables and were not present in the 37 mushroom products. The residual pesticide detection rate was 20.4% (23/ 113 cases). The pesticides famoxadone 0.034 mg/kg (standard: 0.01 mg/kg or less, PLS) and fenpyroximate 0.302 mg/kg (standard: 0.01 mg/kg or less, PLS) exceeded their maximum residue levels (MRL). This survey revealed that various types of pesticides remain in agricultural products in Meal-kits. Due to the nature of Meal-kit products, there is no separate standard for residual pesticides in agricultural products. Therefore, continuous monitoring of residual pesticides is necessary.

In order to investigate the optimal UVB (ultraviolet B) treatment conditions for vitamin D2 enhancement of freeze-dried ear mushroom, sample size (below 300 μm~whole), UV treatment temperature (30~60℃), treatment density (6.25~50.0 mg/cm2) and the samples mixing frequency (1~32 times) were treated differently. After that, chromaticity, vitamin D2 and ergosterol (vitamin D2 precursor) contents were investigated. As a result of the investigating, effective UVB treatment conditions for vitamin D2 enhancement are as follows. The sample sizes were 2~4 mm and finely crushed pieces. The treatment temperatures were 50℃ and 60℃. The treatment density was 12.5 to 25.0 mg/cm2, and the number of sample mixing was 8 times or more. As the amount of vitamin D2 increased by UVB treatment, the ergosterol content generally tended to decrease. However, under some UVB treatment conditions, the vitamin D2 content was not high despite the decrease of ergosterol content. Under the conditions set in this experiment, it was possible to obtain ear mushrooms with enhanced vitamin D2 up to 26,968.7 μg/100 g. Therefore, it is thought that the ear mushroom is highly likely to be used as a vitamin D source and nutritionally fortified food ingredient.

To apply UV-C as a non-heating sterilization method to increase the microbiological safety of fresh seedless watermelon products, reductions in E. coli and quality changes by treatment dose (0, 2, 4, 8, 14, 20 kJ/m2) were investigated. The pH, sugar content, and hardness of watermelon inoculated with E. coli were not significantly different according to the UV-C treatment dose, but the polyphenol content was significantly decreased compared to the controls (425.4 GAE μg/g F.W.). When treated with 2 and 4 kJ/m2, the lycopene content was 31.6 and 30.9 μg/g F.W., respectively, which was increased compared to the controls (28.5 μg/g F.W.). The arginine and citrulline content was also significantly increased compared to the controls. The number of E. coli was significantly decreased compared to the controls following UV-C treatment. Considering the degree of E. coli reduction, lycopene content, arginine content, citrulline content, and UV-C irradiation time, subsequent experiments were conducted by selecting a UV-C treatment dose of 2 kJ/m2. The results of confirming the degree of reduction in the number of E. coli colonies by a single treatment and combined treatment with UV-C 2 kJ/m2 and 70% ethanol showed that the combined treatment was most effective as colonies were decreased by 2.3 log CFU/g compared to the controls. Therefore, it is judged that UV-C 2 kJ/m2 radiation and combined treatment with 70% ethanol could be applied as a non-heating sterilization method for fresh watermelon slices.

Benthic macroinvertebrates are important ecological and environmental indicators as primary or secondary consumers, and therefore are widely used in the evaluation of aquatic environments. However, there are no comprehensive river ecosystem monitoring surveys that link the major physicochemical water quality items with benthic macroinvertebrates in urban streams. Therefore, this study investigated the distribution characteristics of benthic macroinvertebrates and physicochemical water quality items (17 items) in Yangjaecheon and Yeouicheon from 2019 to 2020. At the same time, by applying Spearman’s rank correlation analysis and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) analysis in the water quality data and biotic index, we tried to provide basic data for diagnosing the current status of river ecosystems in major urban rivers in Seoul. Based on the study results, a total of 39 species and 3,787 individuals were identified in Yangjaecheon, the water quality (based on BOD, TOC, and TP) of Yangjaecheon was higher than Grade Ib (good), and the BMI using benthic macroinvertebrates appeared as Grade C (normal) at all the sites. In Yeouicheon, a total of 51 species and 4,199 individuals were identified, the water quality (based on BOD, TOC, TP) was higher than Grade Ib (good) similar to Yangjaecheon, and the BMI of both Upstream and Saewon bridge was Grade B (good), while Yeoui bridge was Grade C (normal). Overall, analysis results for the distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates by a nonmetric multidimensional scaling method showed no significant difference between the two streams (p=0.1491). Also, significant environmental variables related to benthic macroinvertebrates distribution were determined as water temperature and DO. On the other hand, the results of the correlation analysis between biotic index and major water quality items confirmed that R1 and BMI could be used for on-site urban river water quality evaluation.

진동은 농업용 트랙터 운전자의 쾌적한 작업 환경 조성을 방해하고, 건강을 위협하는 요소이다. 본 연구에서는 국제 표준안(ISO 2631-1)에 따라 트랙터 운전자의 전신 진동을 평가하였다. 진동 시험은 재현성과 반복성이 뛰어난 four-post road simulator 상에서 6가지 노면 조건을 적용하여 수행하였다. 취득한 진동 신호의 파고율, 최대 진동 진폭, 피폭 진동 누적량, 실효치 등을 이용하여 진동 특성을 분석하였다. 최종적으로 건강 지도 위험 수준과 안락도에 대한 반응도를 평가 방법에 따른 실효치와 피폭 진동 누적량에 적용하여 농업용 트랙터의 운전자 전신 진동을 정량적으로 평가하였다.

This study was conducted to effectively supplement vitamin D and increase the consumption of ear mushroom based on the investigation of the quality characteristics of cookies containing ear mushroom supplemented with vitamin D. Cookies were made of 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5% ear mushroom powder treated by ultraviolet B. Increased addition of ear mushroom powder led to a decrease in the bulk density of the dough as well as a spread factor, color value, and hardness of the cookies. There was no significant difference in the loss rate, but the water content of the dough and cookies was increased. The total polyphenol content of cookies added with 1~5% ear mushroom powder was higher than that of the 0%. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity of cookies added with 5% ear mushroom powder (23.8%) was 2 times higher than that of the 0% (10.9%). The vitamin D2 content of cookies added with 5% ear mushroom powder (835.5 μg/100 g D.W.) was 44 times higher than that of the 0% (19.0 μg/100 g D.W.). Consequently, ear mushroom powder is considered to be suitable for the production of functional cookies because of high values of antioxidant activity and vitamin D2 content.