언어의 사용과 접촉은 아동의 언어 학습과 발전에 지대한 영향을 미친다. 싱가 폴의 미취학 아동들에게 어떤 언어가 더 많은 영향을 미치는가를 정확히 이해하기 위해서, 본문은 특히 중국어 한자 습득을 주요 논제로 삼았다. 본 연구는 아동의 특정 상황 속에서 사용하는 언어 사용으로부터 중국어를 사용하는 성인의 접촉 빈 도, 중국어 사용 환경 시간의 길고 짧음, 아동이 이용할 수 있는 읽기와 쓰기 도구 정도 등의 여러 조건을 설정하고, 싱가폴 미취학 아동들의 중국어 한자 능력을 관 찰해 보았다. 설문조사와 분석의 결과는 미취학 아동들의 한자 능력을 개선의 여지 가 있으며, 우리에게 현재 시행되는 미취학 아동들을 대상으로 한 기관과 가정 교 욱의 현황과 실천을 재검토할 수 있는 기회를 제공해 주었다. 본문의 말미에는 싱 가폴 미취학 아동들의 중국어 한자 교육에 대한 반성과 새로운 대안을 제시하였다.

The purpose of this investigation is to enhance the survival rate of patients by transporting them to the hospital within the golden hour through the operational improvement of emergency dispatch instruction. To this end, problems and improvements of current operating system were derived by carrying out a survey against paramedics of Incheon city in 2012 and analyzing the current emergency dispatch instruction. This study analyzed the emergency activity daily reports for one year from January 1 through December 31, 2012 and researched the consciousness of 119 emergency medical technician. According to the analysis of the survey, there were no meaningful differences in the on-site arrival times per triage. Therefore, the item of 'Emergency Classification' specified in the emergency dispatch instruction needs to be integrated in the scheme of "triage". Also, the feedbacks of the emergency action log and the emergency dispatch instruction are necessary for 'duty for operation' to review the adequacy to the severity after the end of emergency operation. Finally, the improvement of the system for the continuous communication between the paramedics and the command staff is necessary. This improvements as stated above are expected to contribute to raise survival rate of patients.

본 연구는 해양경찰조직의 사회자본 인식에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대해 실증적 분석을 실시하였다. 선행연구 검토를 통해 사회자본에 영향을 미치는 변수들을 검토하여 리더십 유형과 제도적 환경을 독립변수로 설정하고, 사회자본의 구성요인으로 신뢰, 참여, 네트워크를 설정하였다. 분석결과를 살펴보면 신뢰와 네트워크를 형성하는데는 제도적 환경으로서 제도 공정성과 성과관리가 높을수록 효과적이라는 결과가 나왔으며, 참여를 형성하는데는 리더십 유형 중 변혁적 리더십과 거래적 리더십이 효과적이라는 사실이 확인되었다. 이는 선행연구의 결과를 부분적으로 지지하는 결과이며, 이를 근거로 해양경찰의 사회자본을 효과적으로 구축하기 위한 리더십의 변화와 제도적 환경의 변화가 필요하다는 사실을 알 수 있다.

This study examined the utilization of processed food and the recognition of food labels among 257 university students (201 females and 56 males) in Seoul and Kangwon-do. The results of the study showed that the most important considered information on food labels are shelf life, nutrition facts, and price in sequential order. Female students’recognition of nutrition facts was significantly higher than that of male students (p<0.05). Female students more attentively checked the manufacturer, origin of the products, and shelf life information on food labels than did the male students. In checking out the food labels information, the most checked items on food labels were calories, trans fatty acid and cholesterol in that order and the least checked information was the sodium contents. Among processed foods, male students’consumption was dominant in instant noodles, frozen dumplings, and canned goods, while female students had more candies/chocolates. In selecting processed foods, male students showed strong preference for cheaper and quantitative products, while female students chose more tasty, brand new, well-known brand, and products of domestic origin. Frequency of canned and frozen food consumption showed a positive correlation with BMI, while candies/chocolates showed a negative correlations with BMI. Negative correlations were found in the attitude of selecting food with longer shelf life and BMI. The results of this study suggest that university students need to be well informed to make wise food choices that contribute to a healthy diet. Additionally, food manufacturers and government authorities concerned should make certain that consumers know how to use food label information more easily and effectively through proper education.

In this study, the eating out behavior and recognition of salinity in restaurant food in Jecheon area were examined. Demographic characteristics of the subjects, eating out behavior and perception of salinity in food purchased in restaurants were surveyed. Also salinity of the high Na-containing menus were measured using salimeter. Exactly 51.6% of the study subjects usually ate out more than one to two times per week. A large percentage (88.6%) of the subjects mentioned that they ate more than half the amount of liquid in their dishes. The study participants recognized that the salt concentrations of stews, soups and noodles in their orders were high. JJamppong was recognized as the most salty among nine kinds of eating out menus, whereas mulnaengmyeon was the least. Although the recognized salt concentration of mulnaengmyeon was relatively low, this dish had the highest salinity out of nine eating out menus. Relative salinities of eating out menus were higher than absolute salinity mostly except yukgaejang. It is necessary to supply exact nutrition information and widely implement nutrition labeling. Furthermore, consumers should personally be careful to limit consuming food with high sodium levels when dining at restaurants and eat less liquid in dishes.

The purpose of this study is to provide compared evidences on the definition and variables of intrinsic motivation of French and English learners. In spite of its prevalence and importance, intrinsic motivation in learning has been underestimated and ill-defined. This study highlights the limitations of contemporary studies and suggests implications for further research. In this article, studies on intrinsic motivation in learning are reviewed around two main issues: First, the types and characteristics of student’s motivation; then, the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation to learn. The findings showed that, set aside intrinsic values, all the variables for learning English are significantly higher than those for learning French. However, the results indicated that the intrinsic motivation for learning French is significantly higher than that for learning English.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among recognition, preference, and purchasing characteristics for Changnyeong onions and garlic as well as festival satisfaction among participants at agricultural product festivals in the Changnyeong region. Results showed that festival satisfaction of ‘place of festival’ was highest while ‘convenience facility & event contents’ earned the lowest scores. Most subjects (90.5%) had purchased Changnyeong agricultural and processed products. A major purchasing type was fresh agricultural products (66.7%). The pathways to recognize Changnyeong agricultural products were mostly ‘promotion by related institutions’ (22.0%), ‘family · relatives’ (20.8%), ‘mass media’ (16.6%), and ‘festivals and events’ (16.1%). The most considered factors for purchasing regional products were ‘geographical origin’ and ‘ingredients’. Changnyeong onion showed higher scores for recognition and preference and rate of purchase experience and intention than for garlic. The correlation coefficients of recognition and preference for onion and galic were 0.603 (p<0.001) and 0.598 (p<0.001), respectively. The explanation power (R2) of related variables for purchase of Changnyeong onions was 0.258. The regression coefficients (β) for ‘recognition’, ‘preference’ and ‘convenient facility & event contents’ were positive, whereas the regression coefficient for ‘price’ was negative. Recognition, preference, and convenient facility & event contents with garlic purchase showed a positive relationship (R2=0.253). The most effective promotion method to increase sales of Changnyeong agricultural products was ‘local festivals and events’ (27.8%).

고속 주행하는 차량의 움직임은 영상에서 흔들림으로 나타난다. 이러한 흔들림은 번호판 인식의 경우에 오인식률을 높이는 원인이 된다. 이때 흔들림에 대한 사전 정보 없이 흔들림을 복원하는 방법을 블라인드 디컨벌루션이라고 한다. 본 논문에서는 블라인드 디컨벌루션 방법으로 고속 주행으로 인한 흔들림을 복원하여 차량의 번호판을 인식하는 방법을 제안한다. 이를 위해 흔들림이 없는 영상의 통계를 이용하여 흔들림 복원을 수행한다. 다음으로 템플릿 정합을 이용하여 번호판 인식 과정을 수행한다. 실험을 통해 흔들림 보정 전에 인식하지 못하던 데이터에 대하여 흔들림 복원 후 인식률의 향상을 확인하였다.

The purpose of this article is to search stakeholders' recognition related to Fire Construction Surveillance system; a client(order), fire fighting officer, supervision company, construction company, design company, other. The paper provides 4 important things. Firstly, a client(order) suggested the lowest recognition in the needs about the need of separation order, that of contract for any construction work limited registered companies, and that of standard price for engineering.. Secondly, the design company is lowest recognition in guidance and control participating in construction-design phase. Thirdly, the design company is lowest in adjustment about manpower-allocation according to allocation criteria of technical manpower. Fourthly, a client(order) and supervision company are relatively lower than other stakeholder in necessity on special education and training system for auditor in fire protection construction. Almost all related matters are related to more or less stakeholders' interest.

Recently, the field of emotional ICT which recognizes human's emotion is a rapidly growing interest. For example, various products applying emotion are being released and Softbank's robot, Pepper, is the one of those. This robot can recognize human's emotion through facial expressions and have conversations accordingly. By reading emotion through facial expressions, communication with humans become more natural. In addition, the emotional interface between machines and humans in various areas are applied to show a more intimate interface such as emotional application games that respond differently based on the emotion. In this paper, a system applying special effects on images based on recognition of six emotions from the facial expressions is proposed. A more friendly content can be produced by applying an appropriate emotional effect on the image loaded by the user with the user's facial expression. The result of this paper can be very appropriate to game scenarios and developing game program stages with the recognition of human emotion.

To contribute to the globalization of Korean food, a Korean food culture publicity event was conducted at Hayabusa Station, Tottori Province, Japan. This study investigated and analyzed recognition and preferences towards Korean food in participants at the event. The method of information acquisition was also analyzed. Most participants had prior experience eating Korean food. As for information, participants responded that they were affected by public media such as dramas, and the most effective way of getting information was participating in lectures. This study also investigated intake of 20 kinds of Korean food and found highest preferences for bibimbap, kimchi, naengmyeon, and galbigui, in that order. The main motive for participating in the Korean food culture publicity event was a desire to experience a new culture. Further, satisfaction, intention to participate, and intention to recommend Korean food were high. These attitudes had significant effects on the intention to visit Korea. In the future, Korean food culture publicity events held in foreign lands can contribute to Korean tourism.

In 2013, for the 130th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Korea and Germany as well as the 50th anniversary of the dispatch of Korean workers to Germany, a survey on the recognition and preferences related to Bibimbab was carried out among students in Bayreuther, Germany majoring in hotel management who had not tried Korean food before. As part of the globalization of Korean food, 10 different foods that Germans might like were prepared, and the survey took place after food tasting. In the results, 44% of students noted that their first impression of Bibimbab was good, and impression was more favorable after tasting than before. The preference for nine foods other than Bibimbab was in order of Kimchi, Bulgogi, Mandu, Modum-jeon, Samgyetang, Gimbab, Japchae, Tteokbokki, and Sangchu-muchim. Students liked Bibimbab due to its healthiness, and most students showed interest in Korean food after tasting Bibimbab. To improve Bibimbab, most students answered diversifying sauces.

Most Japanese Researchers and Business Practitioners recognize that Japanese department stores are in a period of decline. In spite of this decline, department stores in Japan still represent a six trillion yen market. Although department stores comprise a significant sector of the Japanese economy, there remain few studies dedicated to research on department stores. In contrast to the extant research, the current study relates to consumer behavior as it relates to the decline in department store sales. This focus is poorly represented in the literature. Specifically, the current study addresses two key problems. First, there exists a lack of discussion related to the category under which department stores can be classified. Second (and as alluded to above), there is a lack of unified research on department stores in the fields of commercial science, business administration, and marketing. To redress these shortcomings, the current study seeks to elucidate the factor of internal and external competitive superiority about the business category of Japanese department store. First, however, it is necessary to verify whether consumers recognize differences between department stores and other retail categories. Further, it is necessary to explain the nature of that difference. Using a sample of 246 Japanese respondents with internet research, I explore the degree to which consumers recognize department stores and Shopping Centers. Respondents were generated using service provided by Macromill.inc. The sample for this study consisted of internet users from randomly selected in Hyogo, Osaka, and Kyoto prefectures, in which the competition between department stores and Shopping Centers is keenest. And, this study adhere fundamentally to the scales of store images developed by Sakai (2012). The scales consisted of 28 items were measured on 7-point Likert-type opinion statements ranging from strongly agree (7) to strongly degree (1). I then performed t-test and a confirmatory factor analysis on participants’ responses. Results of this analysis served to identify differences in participants’ recognition of department stores and Shopping Centers. Result of t-test analysis demonstrated that 18 of 24 items are significantly different between them. Results of the factor analysis further demonstrated that department stores are characterized by Reliability of goods and services and Popular. Shopping Centers are also characterized by Reliability of goods and services and Popular, but are also perceived to have Convenient locations or institutions.

An evidence suggests that even low-dose irradiation can lead to progressive cognitive decline as well as memory deficits in both humans and experimental animals in part due to hippocampal dysfunction. To determine whether or not green tea (GT) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) could attenuate memory impairment as well as suppress hippocampal neurogenesis, passive avoidance and object recognition memory test as well as TUNEL assay and immunohistochemical detection with markers of neurogenesis (Ki-67 and doublecortin (DCX)) were performed using adult mice treated with relatively low-dose gamma irradiation (2.0 Gy). GT was administered intraperitonially at a dosage of 50 mg/kg of body weight at 36 and 12 hr pre-irradiation and at 30 minutes post-irradiation, or orally at a dosage of 250 mg/kg of body weight/day for 7 days before autopsy. EGCG (25 mg/kg of body weight) was administered intraperitonially at 36 and 12 hr pre-irradiation and at 30 minutes post-irradiation. In the passive avoidance and object recognition memory test, mice trained for 1 day after acute irradiation (2 Gy) showed significant memory deficits compared with sham controls. The number of TUNEL-positive apoptotic nuclei in the dentate gyrus increased by 12 h after irradiation. In addition, the numbers of Ki-67- and DCX-positive cells significantly decreased. GT treatment prior to irradiation attenuated memory defects, blocked apoptotic death, as well as reduced the number of DCX-positive cells. Therefore, GT may attenuate memory defects in adult mice exposed to a relatively low dose of radiation possibly by inhibiting the detrimental effects of irradiation on hippocampal neurogenesis.

이 연구는 치매환자 가족을 대상으로 치매노인을 위한 정책에 관해 인식과 태도가 어떤지 분석하고자 하였으며, 이는 치매정책을 만들기 위함이다. 가족 중 부양자의 부담은 노년의 치매환자와 그의 가족뿐만 아니라 고령화 사회에 살고 있는 모든 사람에게 해당되는 문제이다. 이 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 치매환자 가족들은 치매 증세에 대한 인지정도에 있어서는 전체 79.6%가 치매 증세에 대해 알고 있는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 둘째, 치매정책에 대한 치매환자 가족들의 인식 및 태도를 분석한 결과, 노인보호시설 확대 필요성(M=4.64)이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 유․무료 노인요양시설 확대(M=4.63), 타 환자와 마찬가지로 치매노인을 위한 국가의 지원 확대(M=4.62), 주간 보호시설 확대(M=4.53), 치매전문병원 확대(M=4.52), 건강보험예산 확대(M=4.50), 단기보호시설 확대(M=4.46) 순으로 나타났다.

본 연구는 홍콩에 있는 12곳의 유치원에서 한자 인지 독해 정도를 실험한 것이다. 이 연구의 목적은 중국인 학생들과 비중국인 학생들이 한자를 인지하고 독해하는데 차이가 있음을 살펴보고, 비중국인 학생들에게 중국어 교육을 시행하는데 있어 교육용 한자가 지니고 있는 영향 관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 비중국인 학생들이 12곳의 유치원에서 접하게 되는 언어(광동어)의 시간은 매주 가장 많게는 840분이었으며 가장 적게는 150분이었다. 실험을 통해 우리는 같은 반에 있는 학생들 사이에서도 한자에 대한 인지와 독해 능력에 매우 큰 개별적 차이가 있음을 발견하였다. 통계를 통해 알 수 있듯이, 비중국인 학생들과 중국인 학생들의 한자 인지와 독해 능력에 대한 실험 결과는 확실한 차이를 보이고 있다. 광동어를 비교적 많이 사용하는 세 곳과 영어를 기본적으로 많이 사용하는 대부분의 학교와의 비교에서는 학생들의 한자 인지와 독해에 큰 차이를 보이지 않고 있다. 다만 완전히 영어만을 사용하는 한 곳의 학교의 유치원과 비교해 보면 학생들이 인지하고 사용하는 한자의 수량에 차이가 있었다. 또한 이 연구를 통해 비중국인 학생들은 이전에 써보았던 한자를 인지하고 독해하는 능력이 중국인 학생들보다 낮았으며, 쓸 수 있다고 하여 반드시 소리 내어 읽을 수 있음도 아니기 때문에 교사들의 더 많은 주의가 필요하다라는 사실을 발견하였다.

인간의 감정을 인식하는 기술은 많은 응용분야가 있음에도 불구하고 감정 인식의 어려움으로 인해 쉽게 해결 되지 않는 문제로 남아 있다. 인간의 감정 은 크게 영상과 음성을 이용하여 인식이 가능하다. 감정 인식 기술은 영상을 기반으로 하는 방법과 음성을 이용하는 방법 그리고 두 가지를 모두 이용하는 방법으로 많은 연구가 진행 중에 있다. 이 중에 특히 인간의 감정을 가장 보편적으로 표현되는 방식이 얼굴 영상을 이용한 감정 인식 기법에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행 중이다. 그러나 지금까지 사용자의 환경과 이용자 적응에 따라 많은 차이와 오류를 접하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 감정인식률을 향상시키기 위해서는 이용자의 내면적 성향을 이해하고 분석하여 이에 따라 적절한 감정인식의 정확도에 도움을 주어서 감정인식률을 향상시키는 메카니즘을 제안하였으며 본 연구는 이러한 이용자의 내면적 성향을 분석하여 감정 인식 시스템에 적용함으로 얼굴 표정에 따른 감정인식에 대한 오류를 줄이고 향상 시킬 수 있다. 특히 얼굴표정 미약한 이용자와 감정표현에 인색한 이용자에게 좀 더 향 상된 감정인식률을 제공 할 수 있는 방법을 제안하였다.

We present a Microsoft Kinect-based hand recognition algorithm for an interactive image clipping system, which is widely used for environments such as public facilities and security environments where personal capturing devices including mobile phones are not allowed. User-friendly interface and accurate image capturing function are required for an image clipping system. We build the system by combining Microsoft Kinect, HD webcam and projector. The Kinect and webcam are used to capture the motions of users' hand and project is to display the user-selected area from the capturing material. Hand recognition is composed of three steps: (i) the region occupied by users' hand is extracted from an image, (ii) the fingertips of the extracted hand region are analyzed using k-curvature algorithm, and (iii) the height of the fingertip is estimated using the depth image from Kinect. The height of the fingertip informs whether users' finger touched the surface of the target. The region captured by the fingertip is clipped from the image and stored as the target image. The excellence of our hand recognition algorithm is proved through a user test.

본고는 한국문학사에서 프로문학 운동을 주도했던 문제적 비평가이자 작가인 김남천의 기독교 인식의 특징을 작품을 통해 살펴보았다. 이러한 작업은 기존의 김남천 연구에서는 간과되었던 부분으로 식민지 시대 프로문학 계열의 작가, 작품 연구에서 일반적으로 배제되는 영역이다. 대부분의 프로문학 작가들이 기독교에 반감을 갖고 기독교를 사회주의 운동이 타개해야 할 대상으로 언급했기 때문에 개개인의 의식 속에 있는 기독교 인식의 다양한 측면은 간과되었다. 그러나 김남천의 경우 개인적 체험과 삶의 과정 속에서 경험한 기독교에 대한 긍정적 인식이 작품을 통해 형상화되어 여타의 프로문학 작가들과는 변별되는 특징을 보인다. 김남천의 소설에서 기독교적 요소와 긍정적 인식이 드러나는 것은 주로 카프 해체 이후 1939년경부터이며 전향소설로 규정되는 작품들 가운데서 찾을 수 있다. 그는 기독교를 자아 각성과 민족개화의 매개사상으로 인식하면서 기독교가 한국사회에 미친 긍정적인 영향을 작품에 표현하거나, 기독교인을 개화인의 표상으로 묘사하고 있다. 그러나 기독교를 종교적 차원의 개인적 신앙으로 승화시키지 못했기 때문에 기독교인으로서 행동의 변화와 깊이 있는 종교 인식은 부재한 양상을 보인다.

We present a palm recognition system that can be used for developing an interactive amusement including game contents. The first step of our system is to capture palm photographs using web camera and to extract hand region using YCbCr color transformation and the active contour model. In the second, we build a template that formulates the conditions for recognizing palm lines. We apply Hough transform to the hand region to extract line information and match the extracted lines with the template to recognize palm lines. We further build a series of fortunetelling stories that match the shape and organization of palm lines to complete the amusement system based on palm recognition.