This study assessed suitable lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivars and lighting conditions for indoor hydroponic cultivation in Mongolia, examining their applicability in a household-scale vertical farming system. Three cultivars— ‘Jeokchima,’ ‘Cheongsangchu,’ and ‘Meiguodashusheng’— were grown under two lighting treatments: LEDs and T5 LEDs. ‘Jeokchima’ demonstrated the most consistent and superior growth across both harvests, exhibiting significantly higher leaf length, SPAD value, dry weight, and leaf number compared to the other cultivars. The use of LED lighting enhanced all growth parameters, except for petiole length, compared to T5, highlighting its advantages in arid indoor environments. Based on these findings, a compact three-tier Deep Water Culture (DWC) system was designed as a model for urban households, facilitating year-round lettuce production in limited indoor spaces. This model shows promise for enhancing vegetable self-sufficiency and food security in Mongolia. Further research on optimizing light spectra, managing photoperiods, and diversifying cultivars is recommended.

This study aimed to identify and evaluate potential alternative substrate materials for the cultivation of Lentinula edodes (shiitake mushrooms) to address the growing instability in the supply of oak sawdust. A selection of locally abundant resources, including citrus branches, buckwheat hulls, Cryptomeria japonica sawdust, Miscanthus, and Sasa quelpaertensis, was evaluated as potential substitutes for oak sawdust. The results indicated that Miscanthus is rich in iron and manganese, which are essential cofactors for lignocellulose-degrading enzymes, such as cellulases, laccases, and peroxidases. In vitro mycelial growth assays (column tests) indicated that Miscanthus facilitated the most rapid growth among the alternative substrates for the shiitake strains ‘Chamaram’, ‘L808, ’ and ‘Haleumang’.’ For the strains 'Sanjo 701' and 'Nongjingo’, both oak sawdust and Miscanthus demonstrated comparable mycelial growth rates. Further cultivation tests with the strain ‘L808’ revealed that Miscanthus, whether used independently or in combination with oak sawdust, resulted in cultivation periods, primordia formation, and yield characteristics comparable to those achieved with the oak sawdust medium. These findings suggest that Miscanthus has significant potential as an alternative substrate for shiitake cultivation. However, as the study employed small, laboratory-scale blocks weighing approximately 300 g, while farm-scale blocks typically weigh 1.3–1.5 kg, fruiting was limited to a first flush harvest. Consequently, additional validation using farm-scale blocks is necessary to assess their practical applicability.

본 연구의 목적은 영어전공 대학생의 전공선택 동기와 사회적 지지 가 학습성과에 미치는 영향을 파악하는 데 있다. 연구대상은 영어전공 대학생 160명이었다. 자료 분석에는 SPSS 25.0 통계 프로그램을 활용하여 빈도분석, 신뢰도 분석, 기술통계분석, 상관관계 분석, 다중회귀 분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 전공선택 동기(내재적·외재적 동기)는 학습성과에 유의한 정적 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 사회적 지지 중 물질 적·평가적·정서적 지지는 학습성과에 긍정적 영향을 보였으나, 정보적 지지는 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 따라서 영어전공 대학생의 학습성과 제고를 위해서는 전공선택 동기 강화와 사회적 지지 체계 구축이 핵심적인 방안이 될 수 있음을 시사한 다. 본 연구 결과는 학습성과 향상을 위한 실증적 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대 된다.

초순수(UPW) 생산 공정에서는 이온과 유기물의 효과적인 제거가 필수적이며, 그 핵심 공정으로 역삼투(RO)가 활용된다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 RO 막 모듈의 성능을 평가하여 생산수 수질을 비교⋅분석하였다. 실험 결과, 모든 막에서 생산수 전기전도도(EC)는 거의 동일하게 나타나 염 투과 특성이 일정함을 확인하였다. 반면, 생산수 총유기탄소(TOC) 농도는 막 모듈 간 뚜렷한 차이가 관찰되어, 유기물 제거 효율이 막 모듈 특성에 크게 의존함을 보여주었다. 흥미롭게도, 원수의 농도가 높아질수록 생산수 TOC 품질이 개선되거나 저하되지 않는 경향을 나타냈으며, 이는 2차 RO 공정에서 높은 회수율을 유지하면서도 TOC 제거 효율을 저하시키지 않을 수 있음을 시사한다. 또한, 막 성능은 수 투과계수(A)와 염 투과계수(B)를 이용해 표준화하였으며, 이를 통해 막 간의 성능 비교가 가능함을 확인하였다. 분석 결과, 특히 B값이 낮은 막일수록 생산수 TOC를 더 효과적으로 감소시키는 우수한 성능을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 염 투과 성능이 비교적 균일한 반면, 유기물 제거 효율이 모듈 선택의 핵심 기준임을 강조한다. 따라서 A 및 B값을 활용한 표준화된 비교는 유기물 제거에 효과적인 막 모듈을 합리적이고 정량적으로 선택할 수 있는 근거를 제공하며, 초순수 제조 공정의 효율성과 신뢰성을 향상시킬 수 있음을 보여준다.

To proceed an efficient acquisition program, a variety of factors such as acquirement of excellent weapon system, research and development of defense technology for independent national defense and efficient obtainments are needed to be considered. But present evaluation system of weapon is not enough to include them all. Therefore this study aims to design weapon evaluation system to overcome the cognitive error of decision makers and to cope with the complexity and uncertainty in national acquisition field. To accomplish the goal, the researchers derive 4 factors (compatibility of hierarchy, extensibility, compromise between cost and non-cost factors and aggregation of evaluation criteria and group) based on AHP. And the research intends to present rational weapon evaluation structure which can include national security environment to analysis and guarantee the objective setting of weights through empirical tests.

온실 딸기의 주요 해충인 점박이응애(Tetranychus urticae Koch)는 짧은 생활 주기와 살비제에 대한 지속적인 노출로 인해 약제에 대한 저항 성이 빠르게 발달된다. 이에 따라 점박이응애의 지속적인 방제를 위해 트랩식물과 같은 새로운 해충 방제 전략이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 10종의 콩과식물에 대한 점박이응애의 기주 적합성 및 선호도를 실내검정하여 트랩식물을 선발하였다. 기주 적합성 실험 결과, 병아리콩을 제외한 팥, 서리 태, 서목태, 누에콩, 강낭콩, 녹두, 완두콩, 땅콩, 작두콩에서 대조구(아크릴판)보다 유의하게 높은 점박이응애의 유인 및 산란이 확인되었다. 기주식 물 9종에 대한 선호도 조사에서는 강낭콩, 서리태, 팥 순으로 점박이응애의 유인력이 가장 높게 나타났다. 또한 선발된 강낭콩, 서리태, 팥에 대한 점박이응애의 선호도가 암조건에서도 확인되었으며, 특히 강낭콩은 딸기보다 점박이응애의 유인력 및 산란이 3배 높게 나타났다. 최종 선발된 강낭 콩에서, 점박이응애는 초장 150 mm 강낭콩 모종보다 300 mm 강낭콩 모종을 더욱 선호하는 경향을 보였다. 본 연구 결과는 강낭콩 모종이 점박이 응애의 트랩식물로써 활용될 가능성이 있음을 나타낸다.

In small and medium-sized enterprises and small service enterprises, environmental, social and governance(ESG) is perceived as an abstract and broad in perspective of management, and there is lack of specific methodologies to implement ESG management philosophy. Especially in safety-prioritized industries such as manufacturing, construction, and electricity where the Severe Disaster Punishment Act directly applied, many companies are studying which aspect should be emphasized to establish practical safety culture and system in the organization. This research suggests the evaluation items, using the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP), to settle the industrial safety and the safety culture that a small size enterprise executes ESG management.

This study was conducted to evaluate the germination rate, chemical composition, and in vitro digestibility of sprouted barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) sprouts depending on cultivar and growth duration. Four cultivars Keunalbori1ho, Saekeumkang, Arijinheuk, and Jokyoung were tested under hydroponic and nutrient solution conditions. The germination rate was significantly higher under hydroponic conditions compared to nutrient solution treatment. Sprouts were harvested at 0, 4, 6, and 8 days for subsequent analysis. Chemical compositions, such as dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), and crude ash (CA), were analyzed following AOAC (2005) protocols, while neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents were determined according to the method of Van Soest et al. (1991). In vitro digestibility was assessed by incubating ground samples with rumen buffer in DaisyII incubators for 48 h. At day 6 of growth, Keunalbori1ho showed the highest NDF and ADF concentrations (48.6% and 26.2%), reflecting its high structural fiber and the lowest digestibility (IVDMD 52.2%, IVNDFD 37.2%). However, it maintained consistent nutritional characteristics across all growth stages, suggesting potential as a stable forage source. In contrast, Saekeumkang exhibited the highest IVNDFD (59.1%) along with relatively low NDF (30.5%) and ADF (16.7%) values (p<0.05), indicating superior digestibility likely attributed to a simpler cell wall structure and higher NFC availability. Notably, digestibility sharply declined by day 8, implying that the optimal harvest window lies around day 6. Therefore, this study suggests that the cultivars Keunalbori1ho and Saekeumkang possess complementary strengths in terms of chemical composition and digestibility, underscoring the importance of optimizing cultivar selection and harvest timing to enhance the potential of cereal sprouts as high quality forage.

The selection of topics to be included in the long-term program of work is a part of the working methods of the International Law Commission. A good selection of topics provides a good start to the Commission’s work and fulfills its double function of the progressive development and codification of international law. The process of selecting works for the longterm program of work now faces numerous challenges such as the appearance of new areas of international law and the increased engagement of States and international organizations in the preparation of new conventions outside the Commission’s channel. The challenges call for further improvement of criteria for the selection of works to preserve and enhance the quality of the Commission’s work. This article will briefly highlight the process of the selection of works in the Commission’s history and focus on the implementation of criteria for the selection of topics used during various times, and their advantages and limitations.

오늘날 과학기술 혁신은 경제 발전의 핵심 요소로 작용하며, 이에 따 라 이공계 인재 육성이 국가적 차원에서 중요한 과제로 떠오르고 있다. 그러나 대학 교육과정에서 이공계 학생들은 성적에 맞춰 진학하는 경향 이 있어, 이후 학문의 높은 난이도와 기초 학력 부족으로 중도 탈락하는 경우가 증가하고 있다. 본 연구는 전공선택동기가 학습몰입을 넘어 전공 몰입으로 이어지는 주요 매개 요인을 규명하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 전 공선택동기의 내재적 및 외재적 요인이 전공몰입에 미치는 영향을 분석 하고, 그 과정에서 그릿의 하위 요인인 노력지속과 흥미유지가 매개변수 로 작용하는지 검토하였다. 본 연구는 B시 소재 K대학 공대 대학생들을 대상으로 진행되었으며, 104부의 설문을 분석하였다. SPSS 29.0 프로그 램을 사용하여 변수 간 상관관계를 분석하고, 가설 검증을 위해 위계적 회귀분석과 부트스트랩을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 첫째, 내재적 전공선택 동기만이 전공몰입에 유의미한 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 내·외재적 전공선택동기가 전공몰입에 미치는 영향에서 그릿(노력지속)의 부분 매개 효과가 확인되었다. 본 연구는 공대 대학생들의 전공몰입을 촉진하기 위 해 내재적 전공선택동기를 강화하고, 그릿(노력지속) 역량을 함양하는 것 이 중요함을 제시한다.

This study aimed to provide information useful for product development and strategies for the commercialization of weak flower tea through literature research and empirical analysis. The effect of the selection attributes for weak flower tea on loyalty according to quality was analyzed. The subjects surveyed included those in their 20s to 50s who preferred weak flower tea. The survey was conducted from January 5, 2024, to February 20, 2024. The results revealed that not only those in their 40s and 50s, but younger people also prefer weak flower tea these days. In the future, it is hoped that in addition to modern tea and coffee, research on flower tea will continue.

Background: This study aimed to select high-quality spermatozoa by fresh domestic feline semen using sperm separation by magnetic activation (MASS), compared to density gradient centrifugation (DGC), and to evaluate cell quality after selection. Methods: Semen was collected from ten domestic felines by pharmacological sampling using dexmedetomidine and ketamine followed by urethral catheterization. The following parameters were analyzed: motility (computer assisted semen analysis), concentration (Neubauer chamber), semen morphology (humid chamber), and supravital test (eosin/nigrosine staining). In DGC, 20 × 106 spermatozoa were used in a gradient of Percoll at 90% and 45%, centrifuged at 900 g for 5 min, and the pellet was diluted in HEPES buffer. In MASS, 10 × 106 spermatozoa were diluted in HEPES buffer, centrifuged at 300 g for 10 min. The pellet was then resuspended in HEPES buffer with nanoparticles bound to annexin V, incubated for 15 min, and then filtered in the magnetic separation column. Results: The total abnormalities in the fresh semen were 47.9 ± 4.47%, with DGC and MASS being effective in reducing sperm abnormalities by 15.4 ± 0.95% and 29.80 ± 4.90%, respectively. Conclusions: This nanotechnological method is efficient in producing high-quality semen samples for assisted reproduction.

This study aimed to identify the selectivity of catches according to mesh size of gillnets, and to collect basic data for fisheries resource management plans for gillnets. The mesh selectivity test was conducted with five different mesh sizes (60, 66, 69, 75, and 96 mm) gillnet in coastal sea of Mukho port and the selectivity was analyzed using the Kitahara method. In results of the selectivity test, a total of 143 (36,249 g) of atka mackerel were caught and the 60 mm gillnet was the highest at 83 (18,596 g), which is about 58.0% of the total catch. The relative growth equation between body length and weight showed that weight tends to increase proportional to body length. The maximum length/mesh size value was showed 0.490 by the master curve of selectivity, and the 50% selection range was showed 0.138. Therefore, it was found that the size of the caught fish increased proportional to the mesh size. The results of this study were intended to be used as data for establishing a plan for efficient management of atka mackerel resources.