파밤나방은 파, 배추, 수박 등에 다발생하여 큰 피해를 주는 대표적인 농업 해충이며 화학농약에 대한 저항성이 강한 대표적인 해충으로, 본 연구에서는 생물적 방제인자로 방제하고자 Bacillus thuringiensis(이하 Bt) 균주를 선발하여 살충효과를 검정 하였다. 파밤나방은 살충효과검정과정에서 내성이 강한 해충과 비슷한 양상으로, 다른 나비목 해충과 다르게 Bt에 대한 살충활성이 늦게 나타나는 지효성을 나타냈다. 이러한 원인으로 유충 중장의 프로테아제에 의해 cry 독소가 과분 해 되는 것으로 가정하고 protein inhibitor로 알려져 있는 tannic acid를 선발하 여 실내 실험과 야외 포장 실험을 수행하였다. 그 결과 Bt 단독처리보다 Bt와 tannic acid를 혼합처리 했을 때 더 높은 사충율을 나타냈다. 이 같은 결과에 대해 원인을 규명하고자, 몇 가지 가설을 세워 실험을 수행 하였다. 첫 번째 tannic acid가 Bt균 자체에 영향을 미치는 영향을 확인 하기 위해, Nutrient Agar(NA)배지에 tannic acid를 처리했을 때, Bt균의 생장여부와 생장정도를 확 인하고, 중장액과 Bt, tannaic acid를 각각 또는 혼합처리 했을 때의 중장내 Bt crystal의 형태적 변화를 관찰하기 위해 주사전자현미경 관찰을 수행 하였다. 두 번째로 중장 프로테아제가 130kDa의 불활성 독소를 60kDa의 활성독소로 분해한 후, 더 과분해 하는 것을 tannic acid가 억제할 것이라는 가설을 증명하 기 위해 SDS-PAGE를 수행하여 tannic acid의 억제정도를 확인했고, 이 결과를 토대로 40mM tannic acid를 전처리 한 후 Bt처리를 했을 때, 동시처리보다 약 5% 더 높은 사충율을 나타냈다.

The repellency to female Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) of 21 essential oils alone or in combination with Calophyllum inophyllum nut oil (tamanu oil) was examined using a skin bioassay. Results were compared with those following treatment with the commonly used repellent DEET (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide). As judged by the protection time (PT) to first bite at 0.5 mg cm-2, patchouli (3.67 h) was the most effective essential oil, followed by clove bud, lovage root, clove leaf and thyme white essential oils (3.50-2.12 h). Thyme red, oregano and geranium essential oils exhibited moderate protection time (PT, 1.24-1.11 h). At 0.25 mg cm-2, effective protection time of clove bud, clove leaf and lovage root essential oils was about 1 h. The protection times of DEET were 4.47 and 2.17h at 0.5 and 0.25 mg cm-2 respectively. The remarkable increase in the protection time were produced by binary mixtures of five essential oils (clove bud, clove leaf, thyme white, patchouli and savory) and tamanu oil (0.25:2.0 mg cm-2) compared with those of either the constituted essential oil, tamanu oil or DEET alone, indicating the involvement in synergy. These essential oils, tamanu oil and binary mixtures did not cause any adverse effects on the human volunteers at 0.5 mg cm-2 except savory oil. Thus binary mixtures of essential oils and tamanu oil described merit further study as potential insect repellents for protection from humans and domestic animals from biting and nuisance caused by S. calcitrans.

The toxicity of Asarum heterotropoides root steam distillate compounds to third instar larvae of Culex pipiens pallens, Aedes aegypti, and Ochlerotatus togoi (formerly Aedes togoi) was examined using a direct contact mortality bioassay. Results were compared with those following the treatment with fenthion and temephos. A. heterotropoides root steam distillate exhibited good larvicidal activity (21.07-27.64 ppm), based on LC50 values. Potent activity was produced by safrole (LC50, 8.22-16.10 ppm), terpinolene (11.85-15.32 ppm), -terpinene (12.64-17.11 ppm), (–)-β-pinene (12.87-18.03 ppm), (+)-limonene (13.26-24.47 ppm), 3-carene (13.83-19.19 ppm), and α-phellandrene (13.84-23.08 ppm), although the larvicidal activity of these compounds was less toxic than either fenthion (LC50, 0.023-0.029) or temephos (0.016-0.020). A. heterotropoides root steam distillate and its constituents described merit further study as potential mosquito larvicides for protection from humans and domestic animals from vector-borne diseases and nuisance caused by mosquitoes.

The toxicity of Kaempferia galanga rhizome-derived methanol extract (RME), powder (RP) and steam distillate (RSD) to Meloidogyne incognita second-stage juveniles (J2) and eggs and their effects on Lycopersicon esculentum germination and growth were examined in vitro and in pot experiments. Results were compared with those of three nematicides. In contact+fumigant bioassays with J2, RME applied at 1, 0.5 and 0.25mg/g soil exhibited 92, 88, and 73% mortality, respectively. The lethality of RME was almost similar to that of carbofuran but lower than that of either fosthiazate or metam-sodium. RSD and RP were less active than RME. In vapor-phase mortality bioassayswith J2, the test materials were effective in closed container than in open one, indicating that mode of delivery was, in part, a result of vapor action. RME, RSD, and fosthiazate treatments resulted in 91, 100, and 95% inhibition of egg hatch at 250μg/ml and 82, 88, and 81% inhibition of egg hatch at 100μg/ml, respectively. In filter-paper bioassays with L. esculentum seed at 8.8μg/cm2, RME and RP did not cause germination inhibition, while RSD and fosthiazate treatments resulted in 84 and 13% germination inhibition. In pot tests, RME and RSD applied at 8mg/g soil reduced galling caused by M. incognita significantly and fosthiazate at 0.02mg/g soil reduced galling completely. Rhizome materials did not cause any adverse effect on growth of L. esculentum, while fosthiazate application caused significantly reduced root weight. K. galanga rhizome-derived materials, particularly methanol extract, merit further study as potential nematicides and hatching inhibitors for the control of M. incognita populations as fumigants with contact action.

진단할 수 있는 검정 키트를 개발하기 위하여 소나무류에서 휘발되는 18 종류 휘발물질의 소나무재선충에 대한 유인력을 실험하였다. 실험 물질 중에 서 α-pinene, β-pinene 및 camphor가 하루 동안 절식시킨 증식형 소나무재선충 에 대해 유인효과가 있었으나, 절식하지 않은 증식형 소나무재선충에 대해서 는 유인효과가 없었다. 그러나 분산형 유충에 대해서는 절식여부와 관계없이 세 물질의 유인력이 높았다. 이들 세 물질로써 소나무재선충 감염 검정 키트 를 만들어 인공 용실과 감염목에서 소나무재선충에 대한 유인력을 실험하였 다. 인공 용실에서 실험한 결과 휘발성 물질 처리 24시간 후 보다는 48시간 후의 유인력이 더 좋았고, 담체로서는 filter paper보다 cotton ball이 유인 효과 가 더 좋았다. 소나무재선충에 감염되어 고사한 소나무에 휘발성물질을 처리 하여 유인력을 실험한 결과 8시간 후부터 소나무재선충이 유인 되었으며, camphor의 유인력이 가장 좋았다.

Body lice (Pediculus humanus humanus), obligatory human ectopasites, differ from conspecific head lice (Pediculus humanus capitas) in the choice of habitat and the capacity of disease transmission. Only body lice are known to naturally transmit a variety of human diseases, including epidemic typhus, trench fever and relapsing fever. Such differences in vectoral capacity are expected to be due to their differences in immune responses during pathogen invasion. Here, we annotated 94 immune related genes from the body louse genome and determined the differences in the transcription profiling of immune related genes between the head and body lice by qrt-PCR. In general, head louse females showed more sensitive immune responses than body louse females to Staphylococcu. aureus dermal challenge as judged by selective induction of defensin 2 in head lice. In contrast, when the 3rd nymphs were orally challenged, body lice exhibited more sensitive immune responses than head louse to Escherichia coli as judged by selective induction of defensin 1 and PGRP in body lice. These stage- and pathogen-specific differences in immune responses should provide basic insight on the vector competencies in the head and body lice.

돼지 콜레라 바이러스(CSFV)는 Flaviviridae과, Pestivirus속으로 세가지 구조 유전자인 gE0, gE1 및 gE2 그리고 비구조 유전자로 이루어져 있다. 본 연구에 서는 세가지 구조유전자 중 표면항원으로써 기능이 가장 좋아 백신으로써 많 은 개발이 이루어지고 있는 gE2의 구조분석 및 베큘로바이러스를 이용하여 그 발현을 확인하였다. CSFV로부터 gE2를 클로닝 하고 염기서열 및 아미노산 서열을 분석한 결과, 기존에 보고된 돼지콜레라 바이러스의 다른 계통과 약 96%이상의 비교적 높은 상동성을 나타내었다. AcNPV 전이벡터를 이용하여 gE2를 가진 재조합 바이러스를 제작하고 SDS-PAGE 및 Western blot 분석으로 그 발현을 확인한 결과, 목적단백질은 Western blot 분석에서만 접종후 3일째 부터 발현이 확인되어 5일째 최대 발현하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 발현 수준을 향상시키기 위하여 목적단백질의 발현 환경 조건인 세포주와 세 포배지를 교체하였을 때 어떠한 양상을 나타내는지 조사하였다. 그 결과 High-Five 세포에서 가장 높은 발현 수준을 나타내었고 배지에서는 혈청 배지 인 TC-100 곤충배지와, Grace's Insect Media에서 가장 높은 발현 수준을 나타 내었다. 이와 같이, 베큘로바이러스를 이용한 각 구조단백질의 발현은 돼지 콜레라 바이러스의 효과적인 백신 개발 가능성을 시사해준다.

돼지 생식기 호흡기 증후군 바이러스(PRRSV)는 당단백질(GP)2, 3, 4, 5, 및 막단백질(M), 그리고 뉴클레오캡시드(N) 등 6개의 구조단백질을 내포하고 있 으며 이들은 각각 ORF2-7 으로부터 암호화된다. 본 연구에서는, 누에 핵다각 체병 바이러스(BmNPV)의 다각체 단백질 프로모터와 6개의 히스티딘 단편이 부착된 새로운 전이벡터인 pBmKSK4를 제작하여 각각의 구조단백질을 발현 시켰다. 목적유전자와 재조합된 전이벡터는 Bm5 세포에 bBpGOZA와 cotransfection 시킨 후, 순수 재조합 바이러스를 정제하여 사용하였다. 발현된 각각의 단백 질은 SDS-PAGE 분석 및 항-히스티딘 항체와 PRRSV 항체를 사용한 Western blot 분석으로 확인하였다. 그 결과, N 단백질만이 SDS-PAGE 상에서 발현이 가능하였고 나머지 구조 단백질은 항체수준에서만 발현을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 GP5는 다른 단백질에 비해 발현이 매우 저조하게 나타났는데, 그 이 유는 GP5 단백질의 Bm5 세포에 대한 독성으로 추정되었다. 각 단백질 발현 율의 향상을 위해 SUMO 유전자를 도입한 결과, 항원단백질의 발현율이 기존 보다 높아짐을 알 수 있었다. 이와 같이, 베큘로바이러스를 이용한 각 구조단 백질의 높은 발현은 돼지 생식기 호흡기 증후군 바이러스의 효과적인 백신 개발 가능성을 시사해준다.

딱정벌레목의 곤충의 페로몬은 나비목의 페로몬과는 달리 매우 다양한 구 조를 보이고 있으며, 그 생합성 과정에서도 이러한 다양성을 보이고 있다. 거 저리과(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)의 페로몬 또한 다양성을 보여, Tribolium castenum, T. confusum, T. freemani의 4,8-dimethyldecanal, Tenebrio molitor의 4-methyl-1-nonanol, (Z)-3-dodecenyl aceatate, Gnatocerus cornutus의 (+)-acoradiene, a-cedrene-14-al이 페로몬으로 이용되며, Te. molitor의 페로몬은 지방산 경로를 통해, G. cornutus 는 테르펜 경로를 통해 생합성 되는 다양함을 보인다. 한편, Tribolium spp.의 페로몬은 4,8-DMD의 구조로부터 지방산 경로 또는 mevalonate를 경유하는 테 르펜 생합성 경로로부터 생합성 될 수 있음을 보인다. 이에 Tribolium spp.의 집합 페로몬 4,8-DMD의 생합성 과정을, T. castaneum을 대상으로 대사 저해제 를 통한 생합성 경로의 유추, 동위 원소 표식된 생합성 구성 단위(building block)에 의한 생합성 경로 확인 및 합성된 동위원소 표식 예상 전구 물질를 통한 생합성 대사과정의 확인을 통해 구명하였다. 본 소모임에서는 페로몬 생 합성 과정을 구명하기 위해 행하여진 위 실험들에 관하여 소개하고자 한다

국내 과수원에 발생하는 잎말이나방류는 애모무늬잎말이나방, 차애모무늬잎 말이나방, 사과애모무늬잎말이나방, 갈색잎말이나방, 사과잎말이나방, 검모무 늬잎말이나방, 사과무늬잎말이나방, 왕사과잎말이나방, 차잎말이나방, 매실애 기잎말이나방 등이다. 이들의 암컷 성페로몬 성분은 Z9-14:OAc, Z11-14:OAc, E11-14:OAc, Z11-14:OH, Z9-12:OAc 등이며, 서로 다른 종들 간의 교미전 생식 격리에 있어 가장 중요한 요인은 각 종이 이용하는 페로몬 주성분의 종류와 비율이다. 특히 애모무늬잎말이나방류(Adoxophyes spp.) 3종은 발생량이 많고 일부 지역에서는 두 종이 공존하고 있는데, 이들의 생식격리에는 주성분인 Z9-14:OAc와 Z11-14:OAc의 비율뿐만 아니라 10me-12:OAc, Z9-14:OH 등과 같 은 부성분의 존재유무가 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 조사되었다. 한편, 사과 잎말이나방과 검모무늬잎말이나방의 경우에는 암컷이 생산하는 페로몬 주성 분의 종류와 비율이 거의 동일한데, 이것은 성페로몬 성분이외에 일일 교미주 기와 연중 발생시기의 차이 등과 같은 공간적인 요인이 두 종간의 생식격리 에 가치 있는 역할을 하고 있음을 암시한다.

A cDNA of PBAN receptor (Plx-PBANR) isolated from female pheromone gland of the diamondback moth (DBM, Plutella xylostella (L.) encodes 338 amino acids. Plx-PBANR includes 7 transmembranes, indicating it belongs to G-protein coupled receptor family. Plx-PBANR showed high similarities with other moth PBANRs and its expression was only found in female pheromone gland, demonstrating that pheromone gland is the only molecular target of Plx-PBAN. To accomplish the funcional expression of Plx-PBANR, Human uterus carcinoma was stably transfected with Plx-PBANR gene and Plx-PBANR expression was confirmed by RT-PCR analysis. Plx-PBANR expressing cells increased level of Ca2+ influx when challenged with Plx-PBAN and Hez-PBAN from Heliothis zea, as ionomycin as a positive control does. To inhibit Plx-PBNAR expression in vivo, RNAi fragment for Plx-PBANR was injected into pupae. Suppression of PBANR expression was confirmed by RT-PCR and also induced inhibition of mating behavior in adults, revealing that reproductive organ of the female has no spermatocyte and that there are no successful reproductive behaviors. RNAi-treated adults showed reduced pheromone production. These results suggests that inhibition of PBANR expression affects the molecular biological events of PBAN and eventually suppresses mating behavior.

Viruses employ host translational machinery to synthesize their own proteins while negatively controling host protein translation. Endoparasitoid wasp (Cotesia plutellae) parasitizes young larvae of the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) larvae and possesses at least 27 genome segments. Two viral genes (CpBV15α and CpBV15 β) were obtained from cDNA library of the parasitized larvae showing no homology with any known polydnaviral genes. The parasitized larvae did not produce storage protein 1 (SP1) among at least three polypeptides (SP1, SP2, and SP3) at the stage of polydnaviral CpBV15β synthesis. When CpBV15β protein, which was expressed in Sf9 cells, was incubated with fat body isolated from nonparasitized larvae, SP1 synthesis was markedly inhibited. In vitro translation of mRNAs from nonparasitized larvae using rabbit reticulocyte lysate with CpBV15β significantly resulted in inhibition of SP1 synthesis, suggesting a negative role of CpBV15β in host protein synthesis.

A monoterpenoid, benzylideneacetone (BZA), is synthesized by an entomopathogenic bacterium, Xenorhabdus nematophila K1, and known to suppress insect immune responses by inhibiting phospholipase A2(PLA2). This was designed to test its effect of insect digestion by oral administration. The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, was tested by treating its artificial diet with different doses of BZA. The second instar larval were treated with the diets and monitored in their pupation, pupal weight, and adult emergence. BZA gave significant adverse effects on the larval development and subsequent adult metamorphosis. Digestive lumen of the fifth instar larval of S. exigua possessed activity, which was significant inhibited by BZA. These results support that BZA can be developed as a novel feeding deterrent.

An entomopathogenic bacterium, Xenorhabdus nematophila, induces an immunosuppression by inhibiting phospholipase A2 (PLA2), which results in a fatal septicemia. PLA2 is an enzyme responsible for eicosanoid biosynthesis and the pathogenic molecular target of this bacterium. A PLA2 gene of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, was expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant T. castaneum PLA2 (TcPLA2) showed enzyme activity, which was specifically inhibited by bromophenacyl bromide (specific inhibitor to secretory PLA2) and ditheothreitol (reducing agent of disulfide bond). It was sensitive to pH (optimum at pH 7.0), temperature (optimum at 30°C), substrate specificity and calcium dependency. X. nematophila released compound(s) inhibiting TcPLA2during its stationary growth phase. The active compound (s) was resistant to heat treatment and could be extracted separately into both organic and aqueous phases. This PLA2 inhibitory fraction showed significant effect on immunosuppression of T. castaneum. These results suggest there may be several PLA2 inhibitors synthesized by X. nematophila and released into culture broth. The recombinant TcPLA2 was also used to screen potent PLA2 inhibitor compounds, which were designed based on a common chemical structure (a pentenebenzene ring) of two peptide inhibitors, proline-tyrosine (PY) and acetylated phenylalanine-glycine-valine (AcFGV). Alterations were made on amino acid sequence or specific functional groups on the pentenebenzene ring. Among 7 different peptides, AY and FGV showed the most potent effects on TcPLA2activity and also resulted in significant reductions in hemocyte spreading behavior of Plutella xylostella. The potent candidate molecules would be applied to control various insect pests to be developed into novel insecticides.

Upon oviposition, parasitoid wasps inject their eggs along with venom, teratocytes and polydnavirus (PDV) on the host. Among these parasitic factors, PDVs are known to suppress the host immune system and utilize the host translational mechanisms allowing the juvenile parasitoid to develop. Polydnavirusencoded genes can selectively inhibit host translation and still use the translation machinery of the host to synthesize their own proteins. In this study, we utilize a proteomic approach involving two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) that couples isoelectric focusing (IEF) and SDS-PAGE to resolve complex protein mixtures that results from the parastization of Cotesia plutellae on the lepidopteran host, Plutella xylostella. We specifically analyze the changes in protein synthesis using this technique after treatment of HTIFs that has been previously identified on C. plutellae. The difference in protein profile due to parasitization was confirmed by in vitro translation assay using rabbit reticulosyte lysate.

Three venom peptides, OdVP1, OdVP2, and OdVP3 were isolated from the venom of the solitary wasp Orancistrocerus drewseni (Hymenoptera: Eumenidae). The venom peptide amino acid sequences were determined by Q-TOF/MS/MS. The OdVP1, 2, and 3 with amidated C-terminals showed similar peptide sequences to the mastoparan from Vespula lewisii or the protonectin from Protonectarina sylveirae, suggesting that they adopt an amphipathic α-helix secondary structure. The amidation of C-terminal Leu of the venom peptides have been known to be required for their biological activities. The full-length open reading frame (ORF) sequences of the OdVP1, 2, and 3 were analyzed by 5’- and 3’-rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The overall gene structure of OdVPs showed a high homology to that of mastoparan B from Vespa basalis by containing signal sequence, prosequence, mature peptide and C-terminal glycine, but the mature peptide sequences were distinct from each other. The toxicological property and antimicrobial activity of OdVPs were characterized using synthetic peptides. This study on the venom peptides from O. drewseni should promote further studies on bioactive ingredients in the venom of solitary hunting wasps.

An endoparasitoid wasp, Cotesia plutellae, parasitizes larvae of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, with its symbiotic polydnavirus, C. plutellae bracovirus (CpBV). This study analyzed the role of Inhibitor-kB (IkB)-like genes encoded in CpBV in suppressing host antiviral and antimicrobial responses. Identified eight CpBV-IkBs are scattered on different viral genome segments and showed high homologies with other bracoviral IkBs in their amino acid sequences. Compared to an insect ortholog (e.g., Cactus of Drosophila melanogaster), they possessed a shorter ankyrin repeat domain without any regulatory domains. The eight CpBV-IkBs are, however, different in their promoter components and expression patterns in the parasitized host. To test their inhibitory activity on host antiviral response, a midgut response of P. xylostella against baculovirus infection was used as a model reaction. When the larvae were orally fed the virus, they exhibited melanotic responses of midgut epithelium, which increased with baculovirus dose and incubation time. Parasitized larvae exhibited a significant reduction in the midgut melanotic response, compared to nonparasitized larvae. Micro-injection of each of the four CpBV genome segments containing CpBV-IkBs into the hemocoel of nonparasitized larvae showed the gene expressions of the encoded IkBs and suppressed the midgut melanotic response in response to the baculovirus treatment. When nonparasitized larvae were orally administered with a recombinant baculovirus containing CpBV-IkB, they showed a significant reduction in midgut melanotic response and an enhanced susceptibility to the baculovirus infectivity. The transiently expressed CpBV-IkB3 inhibited expression of hemolin, but did not those of lysozyme and cecropin in P. xylostella, while both lysozyme and cecropin were inhibited in the treated Spodoptera exigua. When the recombinant AcNPV was mixed with Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Bt), the bacterial pathogenicity was significantly enhanced in a dose-dependent manner, compared to a Bt mixture with an AcMNPV recombined with an enhanced green fluorescence protein gene.

Local and seasonal populations of the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta, were monitored with sex pheromone trapping and RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) molecular marker to analyze their movement in apple orchards. To detect their movements among farms, pheromone traps were placed at regions between apple farms ('outside-farms') as well as within-farms ('inside-farms'). Four seasonal adult peaks were evident in apple-cultivating fields from April to October in both trappings of inside- or outside-farms. After overwintering generation, populations of inside-farms were significantly reduced with frequent insecticide applications, compared to populations of outside-farms. Within apple farms, G. molesta tended to be unevenly distributed because of significant sublocal preference. Active movements of local and seasonal populations of G. molesta were supported by gene flow analysis using RAPD marker. Monitoring data using sex pheromone and seasonal reduction in initial genetic differentiation detected in the overwintering populations suggest that there must be significant movement of G. molesta among different orchards in apple-cultivating areas.

Mitochondrial genome is inherited in maternal origin without recombination by mating and its specific regions have been used to monitor insect pest populations in agriculture. The oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta, is a serious pest on apple industry by its direct damage on fruits. This study reports a full sequence of mitochondrial genome of G. molesta. Sequence contigs were made by primary PCRs on conserved regions and subsequent PCRs to fill the gaps. Annotated genes were highly matched to the sequences of other lepidopteran species. However, a few positions of tRNA genes on the genome were different to other mitochondrial genomes.

(E,E)-8,10-dodecadienyl acetate (E8E10-12:Ac) and (E)-8-dodecaenyl acetate (E8-12:Ac) have been selected as the candidate chemicals for sex pheromone components of the M. phaseoli, female through GC-EAD tests, whereas the two compounds and an additional candidate, (E,Z)-7,9-dodecadienyl acetate (E7Z9-12:Ac), have been found at a ratio of 7:1:1 in the abdominal tip extract (Yum et al., 2008). In order to determine the actual composition of sex pheromone, therefore, several blends using the three chemicals were evaluated for attractiveness to males of M. phaseoli around red bean and soybean fields. Individual components as well as two blends consisted of E8E10-12:Ac/E7Z9-12:Ac and E8-12:Ac/E7Z9-12:Ac did not show attractiveness, whereas the blend of E8E10-12:Ac/E8-12:Ac showed an increased effect in male capture. Of the tested blends with all three chemicals, the 7:1:2 composition of E8E10-12:Ac, E8-12:Ac and E7Z9-12:Ac attracted the most number of males. The results suggested that E7Z9-12:Ac is one of the sex pheromone components and may act as a synergist.