인터넷을 통한 상거래가 활성화되면서 상표가 기존의 상표권 제도하에서는 예상할 수 없었던 새로운 형태로 사용되고 있다. 이 글에서는 포털사이트의 큰 수익모델이 되고 있는 키워드광고(인터넷 이용자가 검색어를 입력하면 그 검색어에 광고를 연결해줄 것을 미리 신청한 광고주의 광고가 검색결과를 보여주는 화면에 나타나게 해주는 광고기법)에 대하여 다룬다. 타인의 상표를 검색사이트를 통하여 소비자에게 쉽게 접근할 수 있는 매개수단으로 사용한 경우 상표권 침해 또는 부정경쟁행위에 해당하는지에 대하여 광고주와 검색사이트로 나누어 검토한다.

In order to know the degenerating state of postnatal cleft lip tissue, total 23 cases of lip biopsy obtained from cleft lip surgery were collected and examined pathologically. The cleft lip tissues characteristically disclosed epithelial hyperplasia (13/23), stromal myxoid degeneration (20/23), salivary gland degeneration (1/23), muscular degeneration (11/23), and sebaceous gland hyperplasia (15/23), melanocytic infiltration (5/23). The epithelial hyperplasia was marked with hyperkeratosis and basal hyperplasia, which was usually coincident with the myxoid degeneration of underlying connective tissue. The myxoid degeneration was diffuse in the deep connective tissue with chronic inflammatoryreaction, and followed by extensive muscular degeneration. The sebaceous gland hyperplasia was usually predominant in the skin area of the cleft lip. In this study the lip biopsy from 30years old patient still showed remarkable retrogressive degeneration of lip tissue. Therefore, it is considered that the postnatal cleft lip tissue is continuously degenerative, and its retrogressive change gradually affects the deterioration of perioral muscular structures, consequently resulted in the failure of lip functions as well as further bizarre malformation of oro-facial shape during the postnatal period. These data also indicate that the biopsy of postnatal cleft lip should be recommended to know its variable degenerating status and to perform the proper rehabilitation surgery of cleft lip.

A case of chronic osteomyelitis caused by prolonged intake of bisphosphonate showed multiple recurrences involving extensive area of mandibular body. After saucerization the removed bony fragments were decalcified, microsected in 4 ㎛ thickness, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson trichrome, von Gieson, and periodic acid Schiff reaction. The inflammatory lesion contained fragile osteophytes easily propagated into sequestra. Histologically, this osteomyelitis was relatively less suppurative but almost granulomatous, highly infiltrated with small round cells and macrophages. The osteophytes were frequently deposited on the old lamellate bone, but their ossification was extremely immature and frequently filled with sclerosed collagen bundles positive for von Gieson stain. In the polarizing microscope observation under Masson trichrome stain the newly deposited osteophytes were lack of birefringence image of Haversian system contrast to the old bone nearby. Therefore, we presume that the prolonged intake of bisphosphonate may induce the immature osteophytes lack of Harversian system, which are partly filled with sclerotic collagen bundles, and the immature bone is easily undergone extensive degeneration and necrosis, resulted in the inflammatory foci for multiple recurrent osteomyelitis.

This study was conducted to develop the unique native local foods of Namwon and to provide basic data needed to reinvigoratethe tourist industry and local economy. Perception and satisfaction with native local foods of Namwon were surveyed in 483 tourists (246 men and 237 women 53% visiting Namwon for the first time). Of the participants, 41.2% did not stay or eat in Namwon. Most tourists visited with other family members and spent approximately 20,000 won per capita on food. Of the foods sampled for the first time, preferred foods were (in order of preference and intention to order again) Chueo-tang, Hanjeongsik, wild edible greens-jeongsik, and black pork. The degree of food satisfaction was relatively favorable (3.54±0.08 points on a 5-point satisfaction scale), with taste being the most important factor affecting the degree of satisfaction for 92.9% of the subjects. However, willingness to revisit Namwon on the basis of the local foods was not as high as the degree of satisfaction with the foods. Insufficient information and publicity concerning Namwon local foods were cited as impediments, and suggested improvements included taste, sanitation and food-based tourism. The degree of satisfaction was higher in men than in women. Age, residence, and occupation were not related to the degree of satisfaction. But, the willingness to revisit Namwon to sample local foods was related with gender (men more willing) and occupation (public service personnel, business owners, salaried employees, professionals, and housewives more willing, in order). Women in general and housewives in particular were most critical in food assessment.

In this study, we investigated the unit process parameters in spherical kernel preparation. Nearly perfect spherical microspheres were obtained from the 0.6M of U-concentration in the broth solution, and the microstructure of the kernel appeared the good results in the calcining, reducing, and sintering processes. For good sphericity, high density, suitable microstructure, and no-crack final microspheres, the temperature control range in calcination process was , and the microstructure, the pore structure, and the density of kernel could be controlled in this temperature range. Also, the concentration changes of the ageing solution in aging step were not effective factor in the gelation of the liquid droplets, but the temperature change of the ageing solution was very sensitive for the final ADU gel particles

Although the sparganosis involving soft tissues, i.e, tongue, cheek, etc., has been frequently reported, the mandibular involvement of sparganosis is not reported up to date. We present a case of intraosseous sparganosis involving whole mandible, which was clinically diagnosed as chronic osteomyelitis. After surgical operation of saucerization for the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis the removed specimens were pathologically examined and finally turned out intraosseous sparganosis. Radiological findings showed irregular multiple radiolucencies in round to ovoid shape throughout both mandibular body areas, of which peripheral rarefying radiopacity was less remarkable compared to the ordinary osteomyelitis. However, the radiolucencies of periapical granuloma, #34-36, were closely associated with the osteolytic lesions of mandibular body. Pathological examination showed a tunnel like space for the passage of sparganum larva, and heavy infiltration of eosinophilicleukocytes. And more, the parasitic tegument materials were found admixed with eggs in the granulomatous lesion, which were gradually degraded and resolved. Taken together, we presumed that the mandibular inflammatory lesion was primarily involved with sparganosis and secondarily aggravated by the periapical infection of #34-36.

We conducted growth inhibition tests on oral microorganisms using three strains of Lactobacillus spp. which are widely known as their probiotic properties. In these experiments, we measured the number of oral microorganisms after directly contacting lactobacillus with them. In addition, we conducted a similar study using yogurts which are well known as a p robiotic food. I n these yogurts, w e identified t he t ype o f lactobacilli by 1 6s r RN A nucleotide analysis. In o ur study, the growth of most of oral microorganisms were inhibited by lactobacilli, and we also found that yogurts had the highest effectiveness in inhibiting the growth of most of oral microorganisms. The lactobacilli contained in the yogurts were identified as Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus casei, and Lactobacillus helveticus

The polarizing images of hard tissues including bone and cementum show characteristic features of different birefringence fortheir microstructures. Nevertheless, the clear mechanism of the amplified birefringence under polarizing microscope has not been well understood. We hypothesized that the unique polarized light could be accumulated in the microtubules due to the decreased refractory angle by the inside lower-density matrix, and then the accumulated light in the microtubules could be dispersed brightly. In order to elucidate the polarizing effect on the microtubules, the dentinal tubules in different conditions were observed, and compared with each other to explain their birefringence phenomena. In the decalcified sections of normal tooth, the dentinal tubules located near the pulp chamber showed strong birefringence, while the sclerosed dentinal tubules near the dentino-enamel junction did not show the birefringence. The birefringence was more conspicuous in the longitudinal sectionsof dentinal tubules than in the cross sections. In the decalcified sections of complex odontoma, which produced abnormal and immature dentinal tubules, the birefringence was not observed in the shrunken dentinal tubules filled with dense materials, while the peritubular matrix showed clear birefringence. The birefringence was also observed in the collagen fibers in the connective tissue, and continuously strong in the immature cemental materials containing precollagen fibers. However, the highly mineralized osteodentine did not show the birefringence. Taken together, these data suggest that the microtubules composed ofless-dense matrix than the background tissue, i.e., dentinal tubules, Haversian canals, etc., produce the amplified birefringence by the polarizing light according to the hypothesis of microtubule refraction.

53 years old female showed repeated ulceration of labial gingival mucosa at upper and lower anterior teeth, which was a partly desquamated and erythematous lesion. The lesion was slightly extended into vestibule and buccal mucosa in oral cavity, but the similar lesion was not found in other organs by medical inspection. The incisional biopsy including the border of the ulcerated mucosa and normal mucosa showed a severely inflamed mucosa, of which epithelium was gradually detached from the underlying conective tissue, so that it was diagnosed as a mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) pathologically. The epithelium was thinned, almost lost its rete pegs, and the basement membrane was completely distorted by the epithelial detachement. The inflammatory cell infiltration was mainly composed of small round cells and plasma cells. Immunohistochemistry was performed to know the expression of pathogenetic proteins using antisera of Igk, E-cadherin, laminin a5, elafin, and eIF5A. The basement membrane at the epithelial detachment was condensely positive for Igk, and the involved epithelium became atrophic but showed consistently positive reaction of matrix proteins and protein translation factor, i.e., E-cadherin, laminin a5, elafin, and eIF5A similar to the adjacent normal mucosa continuous to the MMP lesion. The Igk was also diffusely deposited on the basement membrane of nearby normal mucosa. Many plasma cells infiltrated around the lesion were strongly positive for Igk in their cytoplasms. Therefore, we suggest that the MMP be characterized by the deposition of Igk on the basement membrane of the detached epithelium in the absence of no other pathognomic changes of molecular events.

The effects of thermal treatment conditions on ADU (ammonium diuranate) prepared by SOL-GEL method, so-called GSP (Gel supported precipitation) process, were investigated for kernel preparation. In this study, ADU compound particles were calcined to particles in air and Ar atmospheres, and these particles were reduced and sintered in 4%-/Ar. During the thermal calcining treatment in air, ADU compound was slightly decomposed, and then converted to phases at . At , the phase appeared together with . After sintering of theses particles, the uranium oxide phases were reduced to a stoichiometric . As a result of the calcining treatment in Ar, more reduced-form of uranium oxide was observed than that treated in air atmosphere by XRD analysis. The final phases of these particles were estimated as a mixture of and .

The brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) has been used to select the developmental competent oocytes in pigs, goats and cows. Growing oocytes have a higher level of active glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PDH) compare to mature oocytes and are rarely stained compared to mature oocytes, because G6PDH converts BCB to colorless. First polar body extrusion regard as a guideline of meoisis completion. Selection of polar body extrude oocyte is more developmental competent to blastocyst than unselected. This study was conducted to compare the BCB test to the polar body extrusion on selection of developmental competent porcine oocytes for the production of blastocyst. Cumulus-Oocytes complex were exposed to 26uM BCB stain diluted in NCSU-23 for 90 min. There was no significant difference embryo development to blastocysts between BCB treated and not treated(19.58±1.99 vs 18.75±2.27 %), which means there was no detrimental effect of BCB exposure to oocytes. Normal fertilization is not differed among treatment groups from 70.0 to 78.4% development to blastocyst, beside polyspermy did not. To compare two different selection methods, BCB test and polar body extrusion, evaluate the developmental competent of IVP embryos. BCB+PB+(blue stained and polar body extruded, 20.71±0.45%) and BCB－PB+(colorless and polar body extruded, 20.04±1.29%) groups are significantly (p<0.05) higher developed than those of BCB+PB－(blue stained and no polar body, 13.24±0.73%) and BCB－PB－(colorless and no poladbody, 7.25±0.77%). These results showed that selection of polar body extruded oocytes method is more efficient than that of BCB test.

We have performed the flat-fielding correction for the Hα full-disk monitoring system of KASI (Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute), which is installed in the Solar Flare Telescope (SOFT) at the top of Bohyun Mountain. For this, we used a new method developed by Chae (2004), to determine the flat pattern from a set of relatively shifted images. Using this method, we successfully obtained the flat pattern for Hα full-disk observations and compared our result with the image observed in Catania Astrophysical Observatory. The method that we used in this study seems to be quite powerful to obtain the flat image for solar observations. In near future, we will apply this method for the flat-fielding correction of all solar imaging instruments in KASI.

High-pressure abrasive entrained jet have rapidly become important machining technology over the last two decades. However, suspension jet by high-pressure has been recently developed for packaging sawing. Ideally, diamond materials should be used for components in abrasive water-jet systems that are subject to high erosive conditions. Using the diamond orifices improve maintenance and extend wear part life. This paper gives insights to using an abrasive suspension jet with diamond orifice. The influences of orifice material and orifice design are evaluated.