Commercial split beam echosounder (ES70) installed on a krill fishing vessel was calibrated in order to utilize it in estimating biomass of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba). The method of calibration was to analyze the difference between the bottom backscattering strength of the commercial split beam echosounder (i.e. ES70) and the scientific echosounder (i.e. EK60) at one of transects near South Shetland Islands designated by CCAMLR. 38 kHz and 120 kHz were used for the calibration, and krill swarm signal levels obtained from multi frequencies, was examined to verify the calibration result. The analysis result indicated possibility of calibration by bottom backscattering strength, since the proportion of krill swarm signals within 2 dB < SV 120 kHz-38 kHz < 12 dB (i.e. a common SV 120 kHz-38 kHz range of 38 kHz and 120 kHz to be an indicator of Antarctic krill) over the total acoustic signals were 26.95% and 92.04%, respectively before and after the calibration.

태양광 패널의 최적 경사각은 한국의 경우 위도 범위인 30∼40도로 상당히 크기 때문에 패널을 지나가는 바람은 필연적으로 유동박리가 수반된다. 본 연구에서는 유동박리가 수반되는 대기유동장 해석시 난류강도 모델링이 우수한 대와류모사(LES)를 이용하여 풍동실험용 축소모형 및 실제규모 태양광 패널에 대한 수치해석을 수행하였다. 태양광 패널에 작용하는 풍하중이 최대가 되는 풍향인 0도와 180도에 대해 해석하고 압력계수를 실측자료와 비교하였다. 패널 경사면을 타고 올라가는 풍향 0도의 경우는 실측자료와 LES로 예측한 압력계수가 잘 일치하였으나 반대로 패널에 부딪쳐 타고 내려가는 풍향 180도의 경우는 실측값과 상당한 차이가 있었다. 패널 위, 아래면의 압력계수의 차이로 정의되는 순압력계수를 산출하고 이를 건축구조기준의 독립된 편지붕의 최소 설계기준과 비교하였으며, 설계기준 범위 이내인 것을 확인하였다.

본 연구는 불쾌감을 유발하는 구취의 자가 인지도와 의치장착의 관계를 알아보고, 일반적 특성에 따른 구강보건지수 와 의치관련 요소가 구취에 미치는 영향을 설문 및 구강검사를 통해 확인하였다. 경로당 및 노인복지관을 방문한 노인 103명을 분석한 결과 평균 연령은 75.06세 이며, 대상자들 중 의치장착 여부에서 ‘장착한 사람’이 55명(53.4%), ‘장착하지 않은 사람’이 48명(46.6%)으로 나타났다. 일반적 특성에 따른 구강보건지수를 살펴본 결과 성별에 따른 구강건강 상태의 차이는 없었지만 연령이 낮을수록 구강건강 상태가 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 ‘배우자’와 함께 거주 할수록 구강상태는 좋은 것으로 나타났으며, 칫솔질 횟수가 적을수록 구강상태는 좋지 않았다. 의치 사용 유무에서 의치를 사용하는 그룹에서 유의미하게 구취발생률이 높았고, 의치에 대한 구강지식이 높을수록 자가인지 구취의 수준 은 높았으나 구강검진을 통한 구취의 실제 발생량은 낮았다. 의치의 종류에 따른 구취발생 정도 또한 유의미하게 차이를 보였다. 즉, 구취의 발생요인을 단정하거나 단편적으로 해석하기는 어려우나, 노인을 대상으로 불쾌감을 유발하 고 대인기피증과 같은 노인성 문제를 야기할 수 있는 구취의 조절과 의치관리를 위한 구강보건 교육프로그램의 개발이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

본 연구는 구강 호흡이 뇌기능에 미치는 영향을 뇌전도(EEG : electroencephalogram)를 통해 관찰하고자 한다. 신체 가 건강한 12명의 피험자(남성: 6명, 여성: 6명, 나이: 21~27, 비흡연자)는 뇌파를 측정하기 위해 두피에 전극을 부착한 상태로 휴지기 상태에서 비강(Rest_N) 및 구강 호흡(Rest_M)을 수행하였고, 영어 대본을 사용한 청각언어자극이 주어 지는 상황에서 비강(Eng_N) 및 구강 호흡(Eng_M)을 수행하였다. 각각의 뇌파는 뇌의 기능별로 크게 4 구역(R1~R4)으로 나뉘어 FFT (Fast Fourier Transform)을 통해 각각의 채널별(e.g., Pf1 and Pf2) 및 주파수 대역별(α, β, γ, θ)로 절대 파워(Absolute Power) 비율을 살펴보았다. 도출된 결과에서는 Rest_N과 Rest_M 상태의 뇌파는 서로 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 비강 호흡 수행 중 청각언어자극이 주어졌을 때(Rest_N/Eng_N)의 뇌파를 비교했을 경우, 뇌파 의 활동이 휴지기 상태의 뇌파 활동보다 통계적으로 유의미하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 같은 조건상에서 구강 호흡을 했을 때(Rest_M/Eng_M)는 비강 호흡을 실시했을 때와 달리 대부분의 뇌 구역과 주파수 대역에서 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 동일한 조건의 자극에도 불구하고 구강 호흡을 하는 경우는 뇌기능의 변화가 비강 호흡과 다른 결과를 나타내었다.

We summarize our preliminary study on the research cooperation method in the astronomy field between Republic of Korea (South Korea) and Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea). To investigate the recent astronomical activities of North Korea, we have surveyed the published records of research papers and international collaborations associated with North Korean astronomers. We found only 4 astronomical papers among the identified 260 SCI papers related to North Korean researchers for the past 11 years. North Korean astronomers had very few interactions with the international astronomical society before rejoining IAU in 2012. Recently, North Korea made several astronomical research exchanges with China and Netherlands. They seemed to attend several international conferences and present their research results. We have studied possibilities to establish international networks to encourage the cooperation between South and North, and suggest to start collaboration in the historical astronomy. The collaboration can be expanded gradually to other fields in astronomy. There are many obvious political difficulties to have interactions with North Koreans. However, it will be necessary to make a long-term plan considering the reunification.

Analyses were performed with Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale. The population was 1,391 Korean workers in total. Subjects who get scores of self-esteem lower than those before the accidents were 539 people(42.34%). On the other hand, subjects who get the same or higher scores of self-esteem than those before the accidents were 802 people(57.66%). The average score of the whole showed 30.09 point that is higher than 29.99 points that were analyzed from primary panel data. The odds ratio of self-esteem is analyzed to find that what is the most important factor for improving self-esteem of the workers group. The result of odds ratio analysis was 1.60 in the not-to-return-to-work group, significantly higher of the score of self-esteem than the return-to-work group. The statistically significant odds ratio of unemployed workers group from the group of workers who return to work prove the academically conventional social norms. This result shows that the workers condition, whether or not they can return to their work, affects the workers‘ self-esteem. Therefore, the workers' condition for returning to the work should be considered the most important service for Korean workers' compensation and welfare services.

The purpose of this study was to determine health consciousness and eating habits of workers at Deluxe hotels in Seoul and Gyonggi-do. To determine health levels, this study focused on quality of sleep, current state of health, smoking, drinking, regular exercise, dietary behavior patterns, dietary habits, and food intake patterns. Out of 228 subjects, 145 (63.6%) were males and 83 (36.4%) were females. Majority of workers (86.9%) graduated from university. A majority (57.0%) worked more than 10 years. Average health condition was ‘little tired’, whereas 18.4% of subjects were ‘always tired’. Male percentages for smoking and drinking were higher than those for females. A total of 44.3% of workers ate twice a day. Regular physical activity was high, but regular exercise rate was slightly low. Male average eating speed was faster than that of females and had lower scores for desirable eating habits. Shift workers ate night meals more than non- shift workers. This study shows that workers at Deluxe hotels need to take better care of their health.

To determine the effect of soil salinity and crop response according to drainage methods, a field experiment was conducted in reclaimed tidal flat land adjacent to Yeongsangang located at Sanyimyon Haenamgun Jeonnam province for three years from 2012 to 2014. Three drainage methods, subsurface drainage (SD), 30 cm open ditch drainage (OD30) and 60cm open ditch drainage (OD60) tested on silt loam soil. In SD and ND, soil salinity were lower than OD30 and OD60 but there was no significant soil EC to the depth of open ditch. SD had a little effect in lowering ground water table. Waterlogging intensity in SEW30 values during the growing season was the lowest in SD 297 compared with the OD30 855, ND 1,420 and OD60 1,553 cm-day. From the above results, subsurface drainage system control soil salinity and waterlogging. Also, the open ditch drainage had an effect on drainage improvement but there was no significant effect on desalinization. So drainage and soil reclamation were essentially needed to stable upland crop cultivation at the reclaimed tidal flat land.

구제역(Foot and Mouth Disease: FMD)은 제1종 가축전염병으로 발생 시 살처분 및 이동제한 등의 방역조치로 인하여 막대한 사회경제 적 피해를 초래한다. 구제역은 일단 발생하면 매우 빠르게 확산되기 때문에 현장에서의 사후 방역활동과 함께 예방을 위한 노력 역시 필요하다. 따라서 이를 위한 중장기적 방역정책이 필요하다. 그런데 현실적으로 가용한 방역자원의 한계를 감안하면, 선택과 집중이라는 측면에서 중장 기적 방역관리가 우선적으로 필요한 지역을 파악하고 전략적으로 관리하는 것이 중요하다. 이 지역들은 잠재적으로 구제역 발생위험이 높은 지리적 권역을 의미한다. 이 연구의 목적은 국지적 공간통계량을 이용한 실증분석을 통하여 국내의 구제역 발생 가능성이 높은 잠재적 고위험지역을 탐색적으로 파악하는 것이다. 분석에 사용된 국지적 공간통계량은 스코어 통계량(Score statistic)으로 이를 국내에서 2014년 12월부터 2015년 4월까지 발생한 구제역 자료에 적용하여 실증적 분석결과를 도출하였다. 분석결과 잠재적 고위험지역의 뚜렷한 공간적 군집을 확인할 수 있었다. 아울러 실증결과를 토대로 중장기적 측면에서의 방역활동과 관련된 정책적 함의를 논의하였다.

This paper is a study on the nonlinear behavior of polyhedron curved space roof as building structures of quasicrystal system. The quasicrystal is made up of two kinds of parallel hexahedrons, and all the line elements of the parallelepiped have the same length. The quasicrystal design grid dome has a pentagonal symmetry and all members have the same length. This paper described form of design gird dome, and showed the analysis conditions. Also, The displacement-load curve is shown through the analysis and we grasped the flow of the load and forces through analysis of design grid dome applied quasicrystal system.

This paper is a study on Development of polyhedral surfaces Quasicrystal System. Quasicrystal is the quasi-crystalline material, which is the intermediate material of the crystalline material and non-crystalline material. Quasicrystal is a structures that is ordered but not periodic, the basic form is a rhombus. These studies in the field of chemistry will proceed actively studied, in the field of construction a situation that still insufficient research. Therefore, in this paper, we presents the analysis of Quasicrystal system, and the research on the applicability of as dome structures. This paper described some examples of polyhedron form, and method of applying Quasicrystal system.

This study aimed to examine the quality and sensory properties of yackwa using baking soda (BS), baking powder (BP), and yeast (YE) instead of alcohol in order to make a Halal standard product. The moisture content of yackwa was the highest when BP was used, while the fat content of yackwa was the lowest at 1.5% BP, and the highest at 1.5% YE. The chromaticity values (L, a, b) were the most similar to those of the control when BP was used. The L and b values increased when BP was used, and decreased when YE was used. The swelling ratio was the highest at 257.3±2.7% in comparison with the control when 0.9% YE was used. The leavening ratio was similar regardless of the type and content of leavening agents. Hardness was 1,179.16±184.45 kg at 0.3% BP, generally decreasing as leavening agent content increased. The resilience was 0.19±0.01% at 1.2% BP and lowest in the control, but its difference by leavening agents was not significant. The taste and preference were at 6.07±2.22 and 5.96±2.07, respectively, when 1.2% BP was used.