The purpose of this study was to evaluate the important changes and the trends in Korean newspaper articles related to 1) food habits and food consumption patterns 2) nutrition, health and diseases 3) food safety and policy. The method used in this study was content analysis of the articles pressed in Donga ilbo and Choseun ilbo from January 1960 to June 1996. Among the total 1814 articles, those on nutrition, health and disease were 922 (50.8%), food safety and policy were 490 (27%) and food habits and consumption patterns were 402 (22.2%). The articles related to food habits and consumption patterns dealt with four contents, food habits reformation, changes in food consumption patterns, nutritional status and food habits. The frequencies of food habits content were highest (51.1%) and especially increased in 1980's and 1990's as the concerns on health and pursuit of convenience were increased. Most of contents related to food habits were health and longevity diet (44%) and eating out (27.5%). The percentile of food habits reformation, the changes in food consumption patterns and nutritional status were 20.1%, 18.4% and 10.0%, respectively. The contents of food habits reformation were most interested in 1960's when food shortage and poverty prevailed. Nowadays, the major subjects of food habits reformation were changed to the problem of wastage and the use of our agricultural foods. The frequencies of change in food consumption patterns were gradually increased from 1960's (7 item) to June 1996 (34 items). And the most of contents related to nutritional status were focused on suffering from food shortage especially in 1960's.

The purpose of this study is to validate of 5 scale-MBI as ADL asessment instrument for stroke patients. The subject was 34 patients following CVA on rehabilitation ther- apy in the rehabilitation hospital, Yonsei medical center. They were assessed with FIM, and 5 scale-MBI in a day. There scores were taken statistics through SAS package, so that we have Pearson's R score. The results is following. 1) FIM and 5 scale-MBI scores averaged 86. 21, 62. 32. 2) On Pearson's R score between FIM and 5 scale MBI was 0. 9345(p(0.001). Therefore there was a very high correlation. 3) On Pearson's R score between motorFIM and MBI was 0.8565(p(0.001), between cog- nitive FIM and MBI was 0.4641(p(0.01). There was significant. 4) On Pearson's R score between same category of FIM and MBI - self care, sphincter control, mobility, locomotion - each others was 0.8960, 0.6974, 0.8585, 0.8540 (p(0.001 ) . In conclusion, 5 scale MBI was found to be useful scale to assess the stroke patients.

This study was designed to evaluate the sensory-perception and it's relation to activi- ties of daily living in stroke patients. The subjects were who had been treated at the Yonsei University Rehabilitation Hospital from march. 2, 1996 to oct. 10,1996. Sensory-Perception was measured by several test for evaluating wide range of per- ception and sensation(proprioceptipn). These test were MVPT, The Line Bisection Test, Bodyscheme & Body image Test, clinical test for proprioception and FIM(Functional Independence Measure) to evaluate activities of daily living. The results were as follows: 1. Visual perception and ADL( total& sub) scores were correlated significantly. 2. ADL(total& sub)scores were significantly different among groups which had been devided with sensory-perceptual function. 3. The factors significantly influencing total score and subscore of ADL were visual percept ion and sensory percept ion. From the results, it is necessary to emphasize the improvemet of sensory-perceeption besides visual perception in order to enhance ADL and functional level in stroke patients.

광 및 온도가 꼬마배나무이의 겨울형성충(월동형) 발생에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 수원지역(북위 16') 의 꼬마배나무이 개체군은 광길이가 14시간일 때 부터 겨울형성충이 출현하였으며 광길이가 13시간일 때 9 93% 이상의 겨울형성충이 발생하였다. 또한 , 의 두 온도조건에서 겨울형성충 발생에 차이가 없었다. 꼬마배나무이의 각 발육단계별로 단일조건에 처리한 결과 1,2령기에 처리된 것은 각각 67.2, 54.4%가 겨 울형으로 되었고, 3령기는 9.3% 였으며 4령기부터는 영향을 받지 않았다. 꼬마배나무이의 평균산란수는 겨울형성충이 486.4개, 여름형성충이 387.2개 이었으며, 산란기간은 각각 34일과 24일 이었다.

우수한 분획특성을 가지는 친수성 고분자인 poly(acrylonitrile) [PAN]을 막소재로 하여 상전환법(phase inversion method)으로 복합막의 지지층으로 사용될 지지막을 제조하였으며, 한외여과 실험을 통하여 지지막의 특성인 순수 투과도와 분획분자량을 측정하였다. 이 지지막 표면에 poly(acrylic acid) [PAA]를 dip-coating 시켜 열처리한 복합막을 제막하고 에탄올 수용액의 투과증발 분리특성을 고찰하였다. PAN 지지막의 UF 특성은 순수의 투과유속이 0.17~31mm3/m2 · s · Pa , 분획분자량이 42,000~150,000의 막을 얻었다. 복합막의 투과유속과 분리계수는 지지막의 기공구조 변화에 상당한 영향을 받고 있음을 알 수 있으며, 지지층의 분획분자량의 증가에 따라 투과유속은 감소하였고 분리계수는 공급원액의 농도에 따라 약간의 변화를 보였다.

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of equilibration time, sucrose concentration and age of embryo on survival and developmental rates of bovine IVF expanding blastocysts frozen-thawed by direct transfer method. The bovine oocytes were collected from 2~5mm follicles, matured for 20~24hrs in 5% incubator and then fertilized with frozen-thawed semen. Expanding blastocysts at day 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 after IVF were frozen in 1.8M ethylene glycol(EG). Survival and hatching rates of frozen-thawed IVF embryos were examined. The results were as follow ; Survival and hatching rate of TVF expanding blastocysts after 10, 20, 3Omin exposure in 1.8M EG were 100,0,90.9, 47.1, 85.0, 75.0 and 62.5% respectively. Survival rates of IVF expanding blastocysts frozen with 1.8M EG and various concentration(0, 0.25, 0.5, 1M) of sucrose were 73.3, 25. 0, 16.7, 9.1% respectively. Survival and hatching rates of IVF expanding blastocysts frozen-thawed according to age of embryo(Day 7, 8, 9,10, 11) were 86.1, 84.8, 79.3, 61.4, 51.3, 74.2, 76.9, 71.7, 63.0 and 65.0% respectively. In conclusion, the age of the embryo(Day 7, 8) is very important for the successful freezing of IVF bovine embryos and 1.8M ethylene glycol not containing sucrose may be effective cryoprotectant for direct transfer method.

The present study was carried out to obtain the pregnancy and delivery rate following transfer of fresh and frozen-thawed Korean native cattle(KNC) blastocysts(1~4 em-bryos / head) produced in vitro to Holstein recipients. The pregnancy rate of fresh and frozen-thawed KNC blastocysts produced in vitro was 50%(7 /14 heads) and 38.5%(5 /13 heads), respectively. The pregnancy rate of frozen-thawed KNC blastocysts produced in vitro frozen using 1.5M ethylene glycol and 1.4M glycerol for cryoprotectant was 33.3%(2 /6 heads) and 42.9 %(3 /7 heads), respectively. Seven calves including 2 sets of twin were born fiom 5 pregnant recipients receiving eleven fresh blastocysts. Three pregnant recipients were aborted among four pregnant recipients receiving twelve frozen-thawed blastocysts and one calf was born from the rest of one pregnant recipient.

The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of cryoprotectants, equilibration step, freezing rate, culture condition following in vitro fertilization, and age and development stage of embryo by freezing with conventional slow freezing and vitrification on survival of frozen-thawed Korean native cattle(KNC) blastocysts produced in vitro. The KNC blastocysts produced in vitro were equilibrated in 1.8M ethylene glycol or 1.4M glycerol and cooled from -6 to -35 at -0.3 or -O.6 /minute. When equilibrated in 1.8M ethylene glycol, survival rate of fiozen4hawed blastocysts was sarne in both -0. 3 /min and -0.6 /min cooling rate(71.4%). With the equilibration in 1.4M glycerol, survival rate was higher in -0.3 /min(63.6%) than in -0.6 /min cooling rate(53.8%). For vitrification of the KNC blastocysts produced in vitro, they were equilibrated in 2-step or 3-step exposure to vitrification solution(25% ethylene glycol + 25% glycerol). Survival rate was sirilar in both 2-step(45.0%) and 3-step exposure(47.4%). According to culture condition following in vitro fertilization, higher survival rate was obtained for blastocysts co-cultured with bovine oviductal epithelial cell(BOEC, 77.3%) than for those cultured with epidermal growth factor(EGF, 65.7%) or for those co-cultured with BOEG + EGF (54.8%). According to embryo age and development stage, higher survival rate was obtained for 7-day ernbryos(70.0%) than 8-day(56.8%) or 9-day(20.0%) for blastocyst stage and obtained for 8-day embryos(74.3%) than 7-day(62.5%) or 9-day(42.9%) for exponded blastocyst. In surnmary, higher survival rate of frozen4hawed KNC blastocysts produced in vitro were obtained by using ethylene glycol for cryoprotectant and -0.3 /min for cooling rate. And higher survival rate were obtained with co-culture with BOEC for culture condition following in vitro fertilization and with 7-day blastocyst or 8-day expanded blasto cyst for embryo age and development stage.

The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of co-culture cells and growth factors on in vitro culture of Korean native cattle(KNC) embryos fertilized in vitro. Two-eight cell embryos were cultured in vitro using 4 types of co-culture cells and 3 growth factors singly or in combination. The results were as follows, In the co-culture of 2~8 cell embryos with bovine oviductal epithelial cell(BOEC), granulosa cell(BGC), uterine epithelial cell(BUEC) and mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) monolayers, the developing rate to blastocysts was significantly(P<0.05) higher with BUEC(32.1%) than with MEF(15.3%), BGC(13.2%) and non co-culture control(11.6%). When the morula co-cultured with BOEC for 5 days following in vitro fertilization were co-cultured with BOEC continuously or with BUEC, respectively, the developing rate to blastocysts was higher with BUEC(73.9%) than with BOEC(56.0%). To examine the effects of growth factors on in vitro development of 2~8 cell embryos, epidermal growth factor(EGF), transforming growth factor-l(TGF-l) and insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) were added singly or in combination to TCM 199 maturation medium with respective concentration. In a addition of each 10, 30 and SOng /rnl EGF, the developing rate to blastocysts was the highest in lOng /ml EGF(25.3%). In addition of each 1, 2 and Sng /mi TGF-1, the developing rate to blastocysts was the highest in lng /ml TGF-1(28.8%). In addition of each 50, 100ng/ml JGF-l, the developing rate to blastocysts was higher in 100ng/ml IGF-l(16.5%) than in SOng/mi IGF-1(12.9%). When lOng /ml EGF and lng /ml TGF-l was added singly or in combination, the developing rate to blastocysts was similar in groups added singly or in combination with EGF and TGF-l (23.l~24.6%), although higher than in control(16.7%). In the co-culture of 2~8 cell embryos Wth BOEC + each 10, 30 and 5Ong /rnl EGF, the developing rate to blastocysts was significantly(p<0.05) higher in BOEC + long /ml EGF(32.3%) than in BOEC + 3Ong /ml EGF(18.9%) and BOEC + song /ml EGF(9.7%). In the co-culture of 2~8 cell embryos with BOEC + each 1, 2, Sng /ml TGF-l the developing rate to blastocysts was higher in BOEC + Sng/rnl TGF-l(28.2%) than in BOEC + lng /ml TGF-l(21.7%) and BOEC + 2ng/ml TGF-l(21.4%). In summary, higher developing rate to blastocysts were obtained with co-culture of BUEC for co-culture system, with addition of lOng /ml EGF or lng /ml TGF-l for growth factor culture system, and with co-culture of BOEC + lOng /ml EGF or BOEC + Sng /ml TGF-l for co-culture + growth factor culture system.

적외선 센서의 재료로 활용되고 있는 PLT박막 (두께:8000Å-9000Å)을 Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si와 Pt/M?의 하부 구조상에 500˚C, 550˚C 및 600˚C에서 스퍼터링 증착하여 결정성 및 전기적 특성을 조사하였다. 600˚C로 in-situ 성장된 PLT박막은 Si기판을 이용한 경우 randomly oriented perovskite 결정구조를 나타내었으며, Pt/MgO 구조위에서는 c-축(00ι)방향으로 배향 성장되었다. 600˚C에서 in-situ 성장된 PLT박막의 비유전상수(εr)와 유전정접(tan δ)을 10kHz-100kHz의 주파수에서 측정한 결과 Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si 구조상에 증착된 박막은εr=90과 tan δ=0.02의 값을 Pt/MgO 구조상에 증착된 박막은 εe=35와 tanδ=0.01의 값을 나타내었다. 잔류분극량(2Pr)과 초전계수(γ)는 상온부근에서 Si 기판을 이용한 경우 각각 0.6μC/cm2.。C과 0.5x10-8C/cm2.。C정도로 매우 작게 나타났으나 PLT/Pt/MgO 구조에서는 2Pr=5μC/cm2, r=4x10-8C/cm2.。C로 비교적 양호한 초전박막의 전기적 특성을 나타내었다.

Chitosan itself has been prepared using chitin, one of the most abundant compounds in nature, as a starting material. We have synthesized the water-soluble chitosan derivative, N-dithiocarboxy chitosan sodium salt, through the reaction of water-soluble chitosan with carbon disulfide in the presence of alkali metal hydroxide. To elucidate this natural polymer capacity of adsorbing heavy metal ions, we have performed adsorption experiments using the water-soluble chitosan derivative various average molecular weight and of different percent contents of sulfur. The effect of pH, adsorption time and temperature on adsorption efficiency was also studied. The adsorbent derived from water-soluble chitosan of average molecular weight ranging 9,000~120,000 was shown to have the highest capacity of adsorbing heavy metal ions. On the whole, adsorbing efficiency was increased as the reaction time goes longer and also increased as the reaction temperture goes higer in temperture range of 15℃~45℃. The adsorption capacity at various pH, however, was appeared to vary depending on the heavy metal ions studied Judging from these finding, water-soluble N-dithiocarboxy chitosan sodium salt, a derivative of a biodegradable nature polymer, is believed to be a potential adsorbent for heavy metal ions since it not only is shown to lower the concentration of heavy metal ions to below the drainage quality standard, but also it would not cause acidification and hardening of soil which is one of the detrimental effects of synthetic macromolecular adsorbents present.

도시의 환경문제가 인구와 시설의 증가에 의해서 점점 더 심각해짐에 따라 도시내 산림을 도시에서 가장 중요한 부분으로 인식하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 대전지역에서 도시내 또는 도시외곽에 위치한 산림을 합리적으로 관리하고 이용하기 위한 기본적 분석 단계로서 산림지역의 지형환경을 Landsat - 5 TM데이타와 수치지형자료를 이용하여 분석하였다. Landsat - 5 TM의 영상자료로부터 산림지역을 추출하였고, 수치지형자료를 이용하여 표고, 경사도, 주경사향의 분포를 분석하였다. 영상자료로부터 추출한 산림지역에서 특히 보문산, 봉산, 갑하산, 식장산과 계족산의 5개 지역을 대상으로 지형환경 분석이 이루어졌다. 대전지역에서 산림지역이 차지하는 면적비율은 55.1%로 도심지역보다 약 5배 많은 며적이다. 전체 산림지역의 표고 분포는 200m 이하가 70.8%이고, 400m 이상은 4.8%이다. 5개 지역에서 계족산은 100~200m 지역의 전체의 45.7%, 보문산은 300m 이하 지역이 92.4%이다. 갑하산과 식장산에서 300m 이상되는 지역은 각각 20.4%와 46.6%이다. 도시내에 위치하고 있는 봉산을 제외하고 모든 지역에서 50% 이상이 경사 20˚ 이상의 급경사지로 구성되어 있다. 특히 식장산에서는 30˚ 이상의 절험지가 35.2%나 분포하고 있다. 식장산과 갑하산은 보문산, 계족산보다 고도, 경사도 변화가 심한 것으로 나타났다.

nptype Si(100)웨이퍼를 precleaning하고 HF 용액에 dip etching한 후 E-beam dvaporator에 장착하여 Co 단일막(170Å, 340Å)과 Co/Ti 이중막(200Å/ (50-100)Å)을 성장시켰다. 시편의 RTA 과정에서는 N2분위기에서 direct annealing 방식으로 열처리 온도와 시간을 변화시켜가며 Co-silicidation 공정을 수행하였다. Co 단일막으로 형성된 Co-실리사이드의 면저항은 500˚C≤T≤850˚C범위에서 열처리 온도와 시간의 변화에 관계없이 거의 일정한 값을 나타내었다. Co/Ti 이중막의 경우 Co-실리사이드의 형성온도가 Co 단일막의 경우에 비해 높게 나타나고 낮은 비저항의 CoSi2를 얻기 위해서는 800˚C이상의 온도로 열처리해야 함을 알 수 있었다. XRD 분석결과, Co 단일막으로부터 얻어진 CoSi2는 (111) 및 (220) 결정상을 나타내었으나, Co/Ti 이중막에 의한 CoSi2는 (200)결정상만이 나타나서 Si(100)기판과 에피층을 이루고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 본 실험에서 CoSi2의 비저항은 약 18μΩ.cm로 나타났으며, TEM 및 AES 분석으로부터 Co/Ti bilayer-실리사이드가 다량의 Si과 Ti 외에 소량의 Co가 섞여있는 표면 복합층과, Si과 Co만이 존재하는 내부 에피층으로 구성됨을 확인하였다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate several aspects of eating out behavior especially in relation to Korean food. Self-administered questionnairs were completed by 700 adults living Seoul and Kyunggi-do area from June to July 1994. The results were as follows: 1. The 68.4% of subjects ate outside home either frequently or occasionally. Lunch-eat-out was the most frequent and breakfast-eat-out, the least. Male subjects, adults under the age of 50, and students ate out more frequently. 2. The 70.3% of subjects spent less than 5000 won for the expense of eating out. Those under the age of 25 and students considered reasonable the expenditure of less than 3000 won for lunch and less than 5000 won for supper. But older adults and workers and housewives prefered 3000~5000 won for lunch and 5000~15000 won for supper. 3. Nayngmyun, bibimbap, jajangmyun, pizza, Broiled galbi, and pork cutlet were favorite eat-out dishes. Among Korean foods, bibimbap, Broiled galbi, nayngmyun, bulgogi and galbitang were frequently selected menues. While Korean dishes had a tendency to be selected as a first choice, noodle type dishes and western style fast food were prefered as a second and third choices. 4. Korean food restaurants received highest score in the food taste and familiarity evaluations. They also received good grade in such points as the nutritive value of food, amount of serving portion and the variety of menu. But as for the sanitation and food price, Korean restaurant scored the lower mark in comparison to noodle restaurant and fast food restaurant.

InGaAs/InGaAsP 다층박막을 corrugation이 형성된 InP 기판위에 MOVPE 방법을 이용하여 성장 시킨 후 성장조건에 따른 corrugation 높이의 변화와 석출상에 대하여 투과전자현미경을 이용하여 시킨 후 성장조건에 따른 corrugation 높이의 변화와 석출상에 대하여 투과전자현미경을 이용하여 연구하였다. Corrugation이 형성된 InP 기판을 PH3 및 AsH3가스를 동시에 공급해 주었는데 AsH3 가스의 압력이 높으면(1.8x10-2torr)많은 양의 As를 포함한 In1-xAsxP(x=0.3)석출상이 격자결함과 더불어 형성되었다. 반면에 AsH3 가스의 압력이 낮을때는 (1.0x10-3torr) corrugation의 높이가 30nm이었고, 적은 양의 As를 포함한 In1-xAsxP(x<0.1)석출상이 격자결함이 없이 형성되었다.

본 실험은 벌꿀이 흰쥐(Sprague-Dawley, ♂)의 당대사에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 설탕, 아카시아, 붉나무 그리고 잡화벌꿀을 각각 10%와 20%의 수용액으로 만들어 7주간 투여한 후 벌꿀의 효과를 비교한 바 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 벌꿀식이에 의한 혈액 중 glucose함량은 증가되었으나 붉나무꿀 용액에서만 예외적으로 낮았다. 벌꿀식이군은 정상식이군, 대조군, 설탕식이군 보다 혈청중 fructosamine 함량을 증가시켰고 그 순서는 설탕용액<붉나무꿀<잡화꿀<아카시아꿀 순으로 증가되었다. 정상군과 대조군에 비하여 설탕식이군과 벌꿀식이군의 pyruvate, lactate 함량을 감소시켰다. 정상군과 대조군보다 설탕식이군과 벌꿀식이군에서 혈청중 β-hydroxybutyrate 함량이 증가하였다.

경구면역 관용은 egg albumin 경구 투여 후 2차에 걸쳐서 EA ＋ Alum를 복강 투여하여 유발시켰다. 인삼 엑기스가 경구면역관용 유발과정에 혈중 항 EA 항체, 비장 T cell subset에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해서 수행되었으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 생리식염수군은 면역관용이 일어나지 않았으며 EA ＋ Ext.는 면역관용이 5주 까지의 실험을 통해서 지속적으로 유지되고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 인삼 엑기스 단독에 의해서는 1차 면역응답에서 면역 관용의 유도가 장해되었으나, 2차 면역 이후에서는 면역관용을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 비장 T 세포 CD^＋, CD 4^＋ subset가 감소하였다. 이는 인삼 엑기스의 면역관용에는 T 세포의 분화 증식에 영향을 미치고 있음을 보여주고 있으며, 특히 세포의 분화 억제에 의한 면역관용임을 추측케하고 있다.