We conducted two experiments to evaluate effects of feeding various types of red ginseng marc and Houttuynia cordata (H.cordata) on blood profiles of poultry in a completely randomized design. In experiment 1 (28 d), a total of 240 broilers (Arbor acres) were used. Four dietary treatments (15 broilers per pen with four replicate pens per treatment) were included: (1) control, (2) 2% red ginseng marc, (3) 1% fermented red ginseng marc with red koji, and (4) 2% liquid red ginseng. There were no significant differences in HDL and LDL-cholestrol among treatments (P > 0.05), but total cholesterol and triglyceride decreased in diets supplemented with red ginseng marc and 1% fermented red ginseng marc with red koji compared to that in the control treatment (P < 0.05). In experiment 2 (38 d), a total of 240 Pekin ducks were randomly divided into 4 groups by dietary treatments (control, 1% fermented H. cordata powder with red koji, 1% fermented H. cordata pelleted with red koji, and 1% fermented H. cordata coated with red koji) with 4 replicates of 15 ducks in each group. Total cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol were not affected by diet with various types of H. cordata. However, increase in HDL-cholesterol and decrease in LDL and VLDL-cholesterol were greater in treatments with different types of H. cordata than in the control treatments (P < 0.05). In conclusion, using various types of red ginseng marc and H. cordata in poultry diets was effective for increasing HDL-cholesterol and decreasing total, LDL, and VLDL-cholestrol or triglyceride.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of various types of fermented red ginseng marc with red koji to laying hens on eggshell and egg yolk quality characteristics. A total of 240 Hy-line Brown laying hens (40 wk of age) were randomly allotted to 24 pens (6 replicates per treatment and 10 laying hens per replicate). Experimental diets consisted of 4 treatments containing basal diet (control), 1% fermented red ginseng marc powder with red koji, 1% fermented red ginseng marc pelleted with red koji and 1% fermented red ginseng marc coated with red koji. During the 8-wk feeding trial, there were no significant differences in eggshell strength, eggshell thickness and eggshell color among the treatments, except for eggshell strength at 4 and 8 wk and eggshell thickness at 0 wk. In addition, no differences in egg yolk color and egg yolk index were found for all treatments throughout the 8-wk feeding period, except for egg yolk color at 0 wk. Thus, using various types of fermented red ginseng marc with red koji to laying hens did not improve eggshell and egg yolk quality characteristics.

친환경 벼 재배농가에서 혼합유박비료를 관행적으로 이앙 3일 전에 사용함에 따라 분얼 기 이후에 비료효과가 나타나므로 수량이 감소하는 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 연구를 수행 하였다. 실내에서 조사한 혼합유박비료의 무기화는 담수조건에서 7주까지 NH4-N가 증가하 였고, 비담수 조건에서 5주까지 NO3-N가 증가하였다. 벼 이앙 20일에 논토양의 질소무기화 는 이앙 20일 전 처리구가 0.85%로 가장 높았다. 수확기 토양특성은 혼합유박비료 시비시 기에 따라 토양유기물함량을 제외하고 차이가 없었다. 이앙 60일에 초장, 간장, 수장은 이 앙 20일 전 처리구가 가장 길었다. 또한 이앙 20일 전 처리구에서 수수, 등숙비율, 천립중이 높게 나타나 백미수량이 관행처리(이앙 3일 전)에 비해 9% 증가하였다. 백미의 백도와 amylose는 차이가 없었지만, 단백질 함량과 식미치는 이앙 20일과 30일전 처리에서 같은 수 준이었다. 쌀 수량과 품질 등을 혼합유박비료 시용시기와 관계식으로 산출하면 혼합유박비 료의 적정 사용 시기는 이앙 21.3일 전으로 나타났다.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of duck litter in ducks fed diets containing Houttuynia cordata powder. One-day-old ducklings (Pekin) were randomly divided into two groups and fed a control or 1% H. cordata powder-containing diet for an experimental period of three weeks. The results showed that pH for 1–2 weeks and total nitrogen for 1–3 weeks in duck litter were affected by dietary treatments with 1% H. cordata powder (P < 0.05). For Volatile Fatty Acids (VFAs), there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between ducks fed 1% H. cordata and control diets, as shown in the results for acetic acid and propionic acid in duck litter over three weeks; but, this was not the case for propionic acid at 3 weeks. The inclusion of 1% H. cordata powder in the diet had a the positive effect on increasing the total nitrogen and decreasing pH and VFAs in duck litter.

This experiment was carried out to determine the treatment interval on neem product for control of Bemisia tabaci on eggplant using eco-friendly agriculture. We have investigated the control effect of B. tabaci, growth characteristics of eggplant, economics according to neem product treatment interval on eggplant. The longer neem processing interval tended to decrease control effect on nymphs of B. tabaci. Control effect of nymph of B. tabaci according to treatment interval of 3 days, 5 days, 7 days, 10 days, and 15 days were 96.7%, 89.7%, 76.1%, 73.4%, and 51.0%, respectively. This result was the same tendency in adult of B. tabaci control effects on eggplant. Growth characteristics of eggplant according to neem the treatment interval of 3 days, 5 days, and 7 days, was less damaged on of B. tabaci. However, the 10 days, 15 days, and untreated of neem treatment intervals were badly damaged by B. tabaci. Therefore, neem treatment interval of 3~7 days for control of B. tabaci was high control effect. However, it is considered to be the most suitable to process every seven days considering the economics and so on. The results of economic analysis from income of 7 days neem treatment interval was the most high as 19.505 thousand won per 10a and the most economical treatment for control of B. tabaci.

As a first step of mapping genes conferring resistance to the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål, in Gayabyeo using a population derived from a cross between Gayabyeo and Taebaegbyeo, we performed the whole genome resequencing of these two Tongil-type rice varieties. The amount of raw sequence data was about 18.5X109 bp and 17.9X109 bp in Gayabyeo and Taebaegbyeo, respectively. After quality trimming and read mapping onto Nipponbare reference genome sequence, 9.3X109 bp was mapped in Gayabyeo with mapping depth of 25.0X, and 9.5X109 bp was mapped in Taebaegbyeo with mapping depth of 25.5X. Between Gayabyeo and Nipponbare, 1,585,880 SNPs were detected, while 1,416,898 SNPs were detected between Taebaegbyeo and Nipponbare. Between Gayabyeo and Taebaegbyeo, 284,501 SNPs were detected. Among the SNPs between Gayabyeo and Taebaegbyeo, 21.2% were in genic region and 78.8% were in intergenic region. In CDS region, 15,924 SNPs were detected, among which synonymous SNPs covered 47.3% and non-synonymous SNPs covered 52.7%. We designed Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequences (CAPS) markers with SNPs in the restriction enzyme recognition sites, and 20 CAPS markers were tested. Of the 20 markers, 19 markers showed polymorphism and one marker showed monomorphism between Gayabyeo and Taebaegbyeo. It is expected that sufficient DNA markers for mapping genes with a population derived from a cross between Gayabyeo and Taebaegbyeo can be developed based on the results of the study.

This study was carried out to evaluate the proximate contents and compositions of amino acids and fatty acids in Korean 6 dent, 2 intermediate, and 3 semiflint maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids. The protein content of 11 Korean maize hybrids ranged from 9.0% (Pyeonggangok) to 11.5% (Jangdaok). The crude fat content varied from 4.0% (Pyeonggangok and Yanganok) to 5.6% (Kwangpyeongok), and the crude ash content was 1.3 (Jangdaok) ~ 1.6% (Cheonganok). Total starch contents of maize hybrids were determined in the range of 51.4% (Jangdaok) to 70.9% (Cheonganok). Major amino acid in maize varieties were glutamic acid (27.28~28.68%) and followed by proline, alanine, and aspartic acid. Fatty acid were mainly composed of oleic acid (C18:1, 23.55~31.47%) and linoleic acid (C18:2, 47.55~56.64%) in maize hybrids. Cheonganok, Cheongdaok, and Kwangpyeongok had high oleic acid composition among Korean maize hybrids. Also, Gangdaok and Kwangpyeongok had high composition of saturated fatty acid. Because kernel composition affects maize quality, it is important data for the maize breeding program and food processing.

Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) has been used as a rapid analysis tool to many components in cereal grains. This study was to investigate the potential NIRS application for determination of components in Korean wheat. Main components of wheat quality are protein content, moisture content, SDS-sedimentation volume and ash content. Wheat has screened for quality, hardness of seed by NIRS in CIMMYT (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center). NIRS calibration was used as a rapid and simultaneous analysis method to determine the wheat quality components. A total of 282 wheat samples, collected from a wide range of Korean wheat cultivation region for 2 years, were analyzed by NIRS. NIRS calibration of individual components were developed using first derivation, second derivation and modified partial least-squares regression and internal cross validation method. As a result, calibration formula of protein was y=0.937x+0.786, calibration formula of moisture was y=0.922x+0.911, calibration formula of ash was y=0.933x+0.08, calibration formula of SDS-sedimentation volume was y=0.947x+2.150. NIRS calibration for wheat quality may be useful for determining protein(R2 = 93.6), moisture(R2 = 91.6), SDS-sedimentation volume(R2 = 94.3), and ash(R2 = 93.4). This study shows that 4 calibrations of NIRS is a useful application in the accurate and rapid determination of wheat quality. Therefore, NIRS could be used to rapidly determine the quality contents of wheat for grade evaluation in a purchasing of wheat cultivation region.

In this study, the image processing technique referred as night vision was introduced in order to measure the displacement of structure during the nighttime. The validation of the reliability and the applicability of proposed method was evaluated by the scaled model test.

‘Geonhwangmi’, a new sweetpotato variety, was developed for table use by Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), and RDA in 2013. This variety was derived from the cross between ‘Singeonmi’ and ‘Mokpo34’ in 2005. The seedling and line selections were performed from 2006 to 2008, preliminary and advanced yield trials were carried out from 2009 to 2010. The regional yield trials were conducted at five locations from 2011 to 2013, and it was named as ‘Geonhwangmi’. This variety has five-lobed leaf, and its leaves, stems, and petioles are green. Storage root of ‘Geonhwangmi’ has an elliptical shape, red skin, and light orange flesh. ‘Geonhwangmi’ was moderately resistant to fusarium wilt, and resistant to root-knot nematode. Dry matter content was 29.4%, and texture of steamed storage root was intermediate. Sucrose content of steamed storage root of ‘Geonhwangmi’ was higher than that of ‘Yulmi’, and steamed storage root palatability of ‘Geonhwangmi’ was better than that of ‘Yulmi’. β-carotene content of ‘Geonhwangmi’ was 3.4 mg/100g DW, which was 7.8% of ‘Juhwangmi’. Yield of marketable storage root over 50 g of ‘Geonhwangmi’ was 23.0 MT/ha under the early seasonal cultivation, which was 39% higher than that of ‘Yulmi’. The number of marketable storage roots per plant was 2.6 and the average weight of marketable storage root was 151 g under the optimal and late seasonal cultivation. Marketable storage root yield of ‘Geonhwangmi’ was 24.2 MT/ha under the optimum and late seasonal cultivation, which was 45% higher than that of ‘Yulmi’. (Registration No. 5853).

The effects of weather variations on winter hulless barley were analyzed using data obtained from winter crop situation test at Iksan from 1985 to 2015. The wintering stage in the 16 years from 2000 to 2015 has become colder and shorter than that in the previous 15 years from 1985 to 1999. This has resulted in an early sequence of regrowth date, heading date, and ripening date. Heading date of hulless barley was mostly influenced by regrowth date and period of stem elongation. Futher, the regrowth date and period of stem elongation were strongly negatively correlated with the average air temperature in February and the maximum air temperature in March, respectively. The number of spikes per m2 and 1000-grain weight of Saechalssal cultivated from 2003 to 2015 showed strong positive correlations with yield. In early heading years, yield increased with extended ripening period and with increased 1000-grain weight. There was a strong negative correlation between 1000-grain weight and the average temperature during the ripening period. In the 15 years from 1985 to 1999, warm winters contributed to yield increase with increase in the number of spikes per m2 and a long ripening period. In contrast, in the recent 16 years from 2000 to 2015, the large variability in air temperature during the wintering stage, the decreasing number of spikes per m2 and the steadily increasing air temperature and decreasing precipitation during the ripening stage have caused high temperature stress and yield loss in late heading years.

Three-way Philadelphia (Ph) variant translocation is rarely found in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We report a 3-way Ph variant t(1;9;22)(p22;q34;q11.2) which was detected for the first time in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and a combined novel variant t(1;15)(q11;q24). The patient was a 56-year-old woman and was diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Karyotypic analysis showed 46,XX, t(1;9;22)(p22;q34;q11.2),der(15)t(1;15)(q11;q24). t(1;9;22)(p22;q34;q11.2) was reported only in patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Additional FISH showed 1q trisomy and supported the accurate detection of der(15)t(1;15)(q11;q24). Further studies are necessary to discover genes involved in development of the novel variant and the significance of the novel variant.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of replacing 40% corn meal with three different types of barley (Youngyang, Wooho, and Yuyeon) on the chemical compositions, microbial indices, gas emission, and volatile fatty acid (VFA) content in feces of growing pigs. Sixteen pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) with an initial average body weight of 71 ± 2 kg were maintained in metabolic cages and randomly allotted to four treatments containing different sources of barley, for 23 days. The treatment with three different barley types replacing 40% ground corn showed no effect (P>0.05) on fecal chemical compositions, microbial indices, gas emission, and VFA. However, some differences (P<0.05) were noted in the chemical compositions of crude fiber and ash, and in the levels of Lactobacillus and Salmonella in the feces of the growing pigs. In conclusion, methane and hydrogen sulfide decreased by replacing 40% corn meal with Youngyang and Wooho barley, respectively.

Male sterile line in onion is essential to the development of hybrid varieties. Onion male sterile line 'Wonye30005' was developed by Bioenergy Crop Research Center, NICS, RDA in South Korea in 2010. Lodging date of 'Wonye30005' is May 15th and it belongs to the early maturing type in Korea. We found the male sterile plants in ‘Hamasodachi’, early maturing open-pollinated variety, and the male-sterile plants were cross-pollinated with male fertile line, ‘M330’, the population of F1 showed 100% male sterility and the F1 plants were subsequently backcrossed for five generations. 'Wonye30005' was numbered as ‘MMS77’ in 2009 and the corresponding male parent is called MMSB77. 'Wonye30005' has round bulb shape (Bulb index, 97), cold resistance, and excellent storage quality and average bulb weight is 253g. Flowering date is May 25th and flower bud size is 84 mm in full bloom. The number and length of flower stalks per bulb are 4 and 134 cm, respectively. 'Wonye30005' has been filed in Korea Seed and Variety Service in 2010. Overall, 'Wonye30005' is promising male sterile line for early maturing type hybrid seed production and breeding program. (no 4673)

Ninety ducks (one-day-old Pekins, 45 males and 45 females) were used to evaluate the effects of supplementing diets with Houttuynia cordata powder on the fatty acid profiles of duck breast meat. The ducks were allotted to one of the three treatment diets using a completely randomized design, each treatment-group containing three replicate pens with ten birds each (five of each gender). The experimental diets were: 1) Control (basal diet), 2) T1 (Control+ 1% Houttuynia cordata) and 3) T2 (Control+2% Houttuynia cordata). In spite of significant difference, the addition of Houttuynia cordata resulted in higher unsaturated fatty acid and lower saturated fatty acid contents than in the Control group. However, no remarkable difference was observed between 1% and 2 % Houttuynia cordata groups for fatty acid profiles.

본 연구는 수증기 증류법을 이용하여 추출한 산국화 유래 hydrosol의 피부각질형성세포(HaCaTs) 증식 및 이주 유도 활성 평가를 통해 피부재상피화 및 상처치유 활성을 확인하였다. 산국화 hydrosol은 HaCaTs의 증식과 이주를 농도 의존적으로 유도하였으며, 특히 1 μg/mL에서 음성 대조군(control)에 비해 143.71 ± 3.37%의 증식과, 139.98 ± 5.72%의 이주 유도 활성을 나타내었다. 또한, 산국화 hydrosol은 extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk 1/2)와 serine/threonine-specific protein kinase (Akt)의 인산화를 유 의하게 증가시켰을 뿐만 아니라 collagen sprout out growth를 농도 의존적으로 유도하였다. 이러한 결과들을 통해서 산국화 hydrosol은 정상적인 재상피화 과정과 상처치유 등의 활성이 있음을 확인하였고, 향후 화장품 소재로서 응용가능성을 검증하였다.

‘Jungmo1024’ is a blast resistant early maturing rice cultivar with high temperature tolerance during grain filling stage. ‘Jungmo1024’ was derived from a sodium azide treatment on ‘Suweon472’, a high yielding japonica elite line which was latterly registered as ‘Namil’. Comparison with the agronomical traits of ‘Namil’, ‘Jungmo1024’ was uniquely characterized as the induced gained function due to the reduced culm length, increased tiller number, strong blast resistance and especially high temperature tolerance during grain filling stage. The high temperature tolerance of ‘Jungmo1024’ was supported by two years experiments by comparing the head rice ratio produced in ordinary paddy field and green house condition. The heading date of ‘Jungmo1024’ was July 29 in central plain area, which was 9 days earlier than that of ‘Hwaseong’. The milled rice yield performance of ‘Jungmo1024’ was about 4.98 MT/ha in local adaptability test for three years. ‘Jungmo1024’ had 69 cm in culm length, which was 15 cm shorter than that of ‘Hwaseong’, 20 cm in panicle length, 16 in tiller number, and 22.3g in 1,000 grain-weight of brown rice. ‘Jungmo1024’ exhibited strong rice blast resistance, but do not have any clear resistance gene sources against bacterial blight, viral diseases and insect fests. ‘Jungmo1024’, nevertheless, would be a useful rice cultivar could be used as a donor line for the breeding programs for developing southern plane adaptable early maturing rice cultivars with enhanced rice blast resistance, lodging tolerance, and especially high temperature tolerance during grain filling stage.

The objective of this study was to evaluate quality properties, including amylopectin content, and texture analysis of brown rice and germinated brown rice cultivars in Korea for rice processing products. The amylopectin short chain content of germinated brown rice was significantly higher than that of brown rice. Texture analysis test showed that germinated brown rice Jinbo had the lowest hardness and toughness as well as and highest stickiness and adhesiveness. The correlation between degree of polymerization of amylopectin and texture analysis was also evaluated. In particular, germinated brown rice, short-chain amylopectin showed a negative correlation with hardness and toughness, whereas long-chain amylopectin showed a positive correlation with hardness, toughness, and adhesiveness. These results indicate that there is a relationship between degree of polymerization and texture analysis.

This study investigated the effect of electron beam (EB) treatment on the microbial reduction of dried laver (Porphyra tenera) and identified EB-resistant bacteria from the treated dried laver. After EB treatments of 4 kGy and 7 kGy, the numbers of total bacteria and EB-resistant bacteria were measured using tryptic soy agar and mannitol salt agar, respectively. The morphological and biochemical characteristics of each isolated EB-resistant bacteria were investigated and these bacteria were identified. Compared to the control (1.5±0.2)×106 CFU/g, the total bacterial number was significantly decreased to (5.4±0.5)×104 CFU/g and (1.1±0.6)×104 CFU/g after EB treatments of 4 kGy and 7 kGy, respectively. With a higher EB dosage, the number of red colonies was almost same, whereas the number of yellow colonies was significantly decreased to (3.3±1.2)×103 CFU/g and 0 CFU/g for 4 kGy and 7 kGy, respectively. All red and yellow colonies were gram-positive cocci, catalase-positive, and resistant to 3% and 5% NaCl media. From the 16S rDNA sequence analysis, yellow and red colonies were identified as either Micrococcus flavus or M. luteus, with 99% similarity for the yellow colonies, and Deinococcus proteolyticus and D. piscis, with 99% and 97% similarity for the red colonies, respectively.

The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of soil microbial agent with red ginseng marc on growth of watermelon during 5 months. The three treatments were distributed in a completely randomized design with four replicates per plot. After 1 week in planting dates, the growth of watermelon (full length, stem thichness, leaf length and lead width) showed no significant difference in all treatments. During elongation stage (20 days), soil microbial agent with red ginseng marc was increased by 5% in leaf thickness (May 23) and 7~14% in leaf length (May 16 and 23) when compared to other treatments. For changes in fruit bearing thickness, there were no differences among treatments. Characteristics of watermelon in harvest season have an effect on harvest and length, stalk length, naval length, weight, sugar content and yield, except for harvest and width. In particular, yields increased with treatments with two soil microbial agent (7~12%), indicating that soil microbial agent with red ginseng marc showed higher yield than the other treatments. In conclusion, red ginseng marc-treated soil microbial agents have a positive effect on the harvest season of watermelon and can provide useful information for the selection of the functional microbial properties and the registration of microbial fertilizer.