This paper investigates the downwash effect of a rooftop structure (RTS) representing a typical RTS with jet diffusion. The effect of rooftop structure height on the severity of the downwash effect is assessed. As a result, design guidance provided for determining structure height required to avoid the downwash effect.

본 논문에서는 불확실성을 확률변수로 가정하고 구조물의 파손기준을 한계상태식(Limit State Equation)으로 정의하였다. 한계상태식을 Fleishman의 3차 다항식으로 근사하고 이론적인 확률 모멘트(Moments)를 계산하였다. Fleishman은 표준정규 분포 확률변수에 대해서만 3차 다항식을 제시하였으나, 본 논문에서는 이를 확장하여 베타, 감마, 균일 분포 등 다양한 확률변수에 적용하였다. 확률 모멘트를 계산하기 위해서 누률(Cumulants)과 정규화된 한계상태식을 활용하였으며, 피어슨 시스템(Pearson System)을 통해 한계상태식의 확률분포를 근사하였다.

The paper introduces Multi-Platform Analysis (MPA) for the seismic performance of a structure controlled by Magneto-Rheological (MR) dampers and presents analytical assessment of the effect of MR damper when taking into account nonlinear behavior of the structure. This paper introduces the MR Damper Plugin that can facilitate communication between MATLAB/Simulink and a finite element analysis tool in order to account for more complex inelastic behavior of the structure with MR dampers. The MPA method using the developed MR Damper Plugin is validated with experimental results from the real-time hybrid simulation. By utilizing the proposed MPA method, the three-story RC structure controlled by MR dampers is more realistically modeled and its performance under seismic loads is investigated. It is concluded that MR damper designed for a linear structure is not effective in a nonlinear structure and can overestimate the effect of MR damper. This work is expected to overcome difficulties in the analytical assessment of structural control strategies for complex and nonlinear structures by obtaining more reliable results.

There are a number of construction methods to build spatial structures such as erection method, Element method, Block method, Sliding method, Lift-up method and Push-up method. These methods are uneconomical and low accuracy, and require long construction duration because of a need of a scaffold or a tower crane to build spatial roof frame. In this study, the construction method to erect a truss structure was proposed as an economical and easy installation method. The proposed method has end hinges of keel truss and winches with horizontal cable. This method makes safe and accurate production and reduces construction duration because trusses are built on the floor or supporter. The goal of this study is to verify the validity of construction method by building scale model using the proposed method.

For each cable component in a cable dome structure, pre-tension is needed for stability of whole the structure. The summation of these pre-tension at each joint should be zero to achieve the self equilibrium structure. The first step in cable dome structure analysis is to find the ratio of pre-tension in each member which can produce a stable and structure on self-equilibrium. In this paper, a new method based on the basic principle of closed force polygon for equilibrium system is proposed for the determination of self-equilibrium mode of cable dome structure. A single layer cable dome and two multi layer type domes have been analyzed. The ratios of cable members are determined by the presented method, and check the validation of the results by numerical calculation.

PURPOSES: This paper aims to give a guideline and the way to apply the advanced composite materials theory to the road structures with different cross sections to the practicing engineers. METHODS: To simple but exact method of calculating natural frequencies corresponding to the modes of vibration of road structures with different cross sections and arbitrary boundary conditions. The effect of the D22 stiffness on the natural frequency is rigorously investigated. RESULTS: Simple method of vibration analysis for calculating the natural frequency of the different cross sections is presented. CONCLUSIONS: Simple method of vibration analysis for calculating the natural frequency of the different cross sections is presented. This method is a simple but exact method of calculating natural frequencies of the road structures with different cross sections. This method is extended to be applied to two dimensional problems including composite laminated road structures.

PURPOSES: Current theories for composite structures are too difficult for design engineers for construction. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate to the practicing engineers, how to apply the advanced composite materials theory to the road structures. METHODS: Some laminate orientations have decreasing values of D16, B16, D26 and B26 stiffnesses as the ply number increases. The plate aspect ratio considered is from 1 to 5. In order to study the effect of Mx on the equilibrium equations, two cases are considered. Mx term is considered or neglected. RESULTS: Most of the road structures have high aspect ratios, for such cases further simplification is possible by neglecting the effect of the longitudinal moment terms. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the road structures have plate aspect ratios higher than 2. It is concluded that, for all boundary conditions, neglecting the longitudinal moment(Mx) terms is acceptable if the aspect ratio (a/b) is equal to or higher than 2. This conclusion gives good guide line for design of the road structures.

본 연구에서는 자유낙하 하는 쐐기형 구조물의 슬래밍 충격압력 및 유동특성을 알아보고자 실험을 수행하였다. 유동장의 계측은 2-프레임 그레이레벨 상호상관 PIV 기법을 이용하였으며, 자유낙하 하는 구조물의 충격압력은 압력 계측장비인 Dewetron System을 이용하였다. 모델과 자유수면간 이루는 각도는 15˚, 25˚, 35˚ 및 45˚를 적용하였으며 중량과 자유낙하의 높이에 대해서 다양성을 주어 실험하였다. 속도장은 접수보다 이수에서 빠른 유동특성을 나타냈으며, 접수에서 보다 이수에서 시간이 더 소요됨을 보였으며, 모델 하부에서의 충격압력은 모델의 45도에서 보다, 입수각이 작은 15도와 P1 지점에서 높게 나타났다.

면진장치는 상부구조물의 지진력을 감소시키는데 크게 기여하지만, 고감쇠고무 적층받침에 사용되는 고무재료는 시간이 경과함에 따라 열화되어 상부구조물의 동특성과 기기들의 지진응답에 영향을 줄 수 있다. 따라서 면진장치의 경년열화를 고려한 구조물의 지진응답을 분석하는 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 기존 문헌을 통하여 분석된 고무의 경년열화 특성을 사용하여 면진장치를 모델링하였다. 면진된 원전의 지진응답을 평가하기 위하여 격납건물과 보조건물을 대상 구조물로 선정하고, 진동수 성분이 다양한 입력지진동을 사용하여 구조물의 고유진동수, 최대지진응답, 층응답스펙트럼을 시간의 경과에 따라 분석하였다. 해석결과에 의하면 면진장치의 경년열화에 의하여 지진응답이 소폭 증가하였으며, 면진장치가 설치된 후 20년까지 지진응답의 증가율이 크게 나타나므로 이 기간에 상세한 검사가 시행되어야 할 것이다.

An application of the EQS (Eradi Quake System) bearings to a short period building structure and the structure earthquake responses according to the design parameters of the EQS are studied by the ICT Center case study. The features of the EQS application to seismic isolated building structures are investigated, and the design procedure to determine the yield load and the secondary stiffness of the EQS is also studied. A computational analysis is performed to confirm the applicability of the EQS to the building structure and the earthquake responses according to the design parameters. The ICT Center in Indonesia is adopted as an application case of the EQS. The application of the EQS is found to extend the fundamental period of the ICT Center. Three types of EQS with different yield loads and secondary stiffness are designed and applied in the earthquake response analyses. The analysis results show the response of the structure with respect to the design parameters and which type of EQS is suitable for the ICT Center.

Several researches have been studied to enhance the seismic performance of nuclear power plants (NPPs) by application of seismic isolation. If a seismic base isolation system is applied to NPPs, seismic performance of nuclear power plants should be reevaluated considering the soil-structure interaction effect. The seismic fragility analysis method has been used as a quantitative seismic safety evaluation method for the NPP structures and equipment. In this study, the seismic performance of an isolated NPP is evaluated by seismic fragility curves considering the soil-structure interaction effect. The designed seismic isolation is introduced to a containment building of Shin-Kori NPP which is KSNP (Korean Standard Nuclear Power Plant), to improve its seismic performance. The seismic analysis is performed considering the soil-structure interaction effect by using the linearized model of seismic isolation with SASSI (System for Analysis of Soil-Structure Interaction) program. Finally, the seismic fragility is evaluated based on soil-isolation-structure interaction analysis results.

Almost all buildings and infrastructures made of advanced composite materials are fabricated without proper design. Unlike airplanes or automobiles, prototype test is impossible. One cannot destroy 10 story buildings or 100-meter long span bridges. People try to build 100-story buildings or several thousand meter long span bridges. In order to realize "composites in construction", the following subjects must be studied in detail, for his design. Concept optimization, Simple method of analysis, Folded plate theory, Size effects in failure, and Critical natural frequency. Unlike the design procedure with conventional materials, his design should include material design, selection of manufacturing methods, and quality control methods, in addition to the fabrication method. In this paper, concept optimization and folded plate theory are presented for practicing engineers.

In this paper, the relation between the applied load distribution and the natural frequency of vibration of some structural elements is presented. In this paper, the effects of the loading sizes on the natural frequency of vibration of some structural elements is presented. Many junior engineers get confused on such relations. This method extended to two dimensional problems including advanced composite laminated structures. It is hoped that this paper gives some guideline to such junior engineers.

This study is on the seismic response of new buckling-restrained braced frames(BRBFs) with superelastic SMA bracing system. The superelastic SMA materials can return to undeformed shape without additional heat treatments only after removal of applied loads. 6-story braced frame buildings were designed in accordance with the current design specifications in order to verify the performance of such bracing systems. Based on the anlysis results, Superelastic SMA bracing systems were also compared to those with conventional steel bracing system. And at last, analysis results show that the superelastic SMA bracing systems are very effective to reduce the residual inter-story drifts.

In this study, we conduct the economical analysis about the floating tracking PV generation structure manufactured by steel, aluminum, and GFRP (glass fiber reinforced polymeric plastic) structural member. The structural safety of floating PV generation structure has been proved through numerous previous researches. Moreover, the generating efficiency of tracking PV generation system can be more larger than immobile system. In this study, structural analysis using the FEM method has been performed to establish the safety of the floating tracking PV generation structure and commercial viability evaluation has been performed through the cost of materials.

본 연구에서는 원형실린더 후류 와류에 의한 진동을 제어를 위해 적용되는 나선형 뱃전판의 효율향상을 위해 다양한 회전각에 대해 모델실험을 실시하였다.실험은 회류수조에서 레이놀즈수 Re=4.0×10³,Re=5.5×10³ 및 Re=7.0×10³에서 균일유입유동에서 2-프레임 그레이레벨 상호상관 PIV기법을 이용하였다.실험결과 원형실린더와 뱃전판을 부착한 실린더와의 비교를 통해..

군위댐 건설이 하천 상하류의 저서성대형무척추동물 군집구조에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여, 댐 건설 공사 기간인 2006년부터 완공 이후인 2012년까지 7년 간 댐 조성지의 상류와 하류 각 2개 지점에서 저서성대형무척추동물 군집을 조사 하였다. 군위댐 조성 완료 이후, 조성지의 하류 수계는 정수역으로 변화됨과 동시에 유량 이 증가하였으며, 공사 이전에는 서식하지 않았던 Parafossarulus manchouricus, Caridina denticulata 등의 호정수성 종들이 유입되기 시작하였다. 이와 동시에 유 수역에 주로 서식하는 Baetiella tuberculata, Neoperla coreensis 등의 종들은 줄어 들면서 후반기 공사 시점인 2009년부터 종수와 개체수가 꾸준히 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 또한, 공사 후반부로 접어들수록 상류수계와 하류수계에 공통으로 서식하 는 종의 수가 2007년 52종에서 2012년 26종으로 점차 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 저항력과 회복력에 의한 군집안정성은 상류수계에서는 공사 진행 기간 동안에 는 큰 변화를 보이지 않았으나, 공사 완료 이후부터 저항력과 회복력이 낮은 Group Ⅲ에 속하는 종(Muljarus japonicus, Nemoura tau, Amphinemura coreana etc.)의 출현이 조금씩 증가하였다. 하류수계에서는 공사 시행 초반부터 공사 완료 이후까 지 Group Ⅲ에 속하는 종(Laccotrephes japonensis, Rhyacophila brevicephala, Perlodes stigmata etc.)이 꾸준히 감소하는 경향을 보였다.