This study surveyed the reading discomforts and the reasons for discomfortable reading of the safety and health information (texts and icons) presented on the agricultural vehicles/machines, pesticides, fertilizers, and feeds. Eighty seven people residing in rural area participated in the survey interview. Questionnaire survey showed that the most discomfortable product in reading the texts was pesticides. Forty three (49%) among participants had very-discomfortable or discomfortable in reading the texts used in the label of pesticides, and the main reason for the discomfort was small text size. The reading discomforts in reading the texts (varied from 4 point to 19 point and presented in 50 cm reading distance) showed different pattern according to the age groups. Three age groups (50s, 60s and older than 70s) showed a similar discomfort pattern, but different from the group of 30s and 40s. Forty four people (51%) had a problem in understanding the meaning of the icons and the main reasons were the small size and the difficulty in inferring the meaning of the icons. Thus, the more detailed and practical guidelines for the presentation format, particularly about the text heights and the size of icons, are required. Also, more comprehensive research is needed to investigate the readability and legibility of texts and icons.

This study was evaluated the indicators of GRI guideline LA6-LA9 for industrial safety sanitation field on 22 domestic sustainable management reports and 46 overseas reports published by companies in 2007 and 2008, was developed new indicators with emphasis on industrial safety sanitation act, and was assessed whether they are released. As a result, LA6(Percent of total workforce represented in formal joint management-work health and safety committees that help monitor and advise on occupational health and safety programs) was evaluated highest in release ratio on whether to release the reports by each indicator of industrial safety sanitation field using domestic sustainable management report GRI guideline, and in the case of overseas companies, it was evaluated that there is no companies that release all from LA6 through LA9 among GRI guideline, but it was grasped that the ratio of partial release is high. As for the release of indicators was developed with the use of industrial safety sanitation act of 22 domestic companies, the release of indicator No. 1(report and industrial disaster record) and 10(health diagnosis) of industrial safety sanitation act was high. This study is meaningful in that it analyzed the industrial safety sanitation field of sustainable management report(CSR) that has not been attempted so far with the use of new indicators developed with emphasis on GRI guideline and industrial safety sanitation act.

1994년 무역관련 지적재산권에 관한 협정 [Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (이하‘TRIPs협정’)] 하에서의 강화된 특허보호가 세계무역기구[World Trade Organization (이하‘WTO’)] 회원국의 공중보건보호를 취하는 것을 방해하지 않는 것으로 TRIPs협정에서는 세가지 유형의 특허규정1)을 두고 있다. 그런데 문제는 이 조항들이 상당히 간략하고 애매모호하게 규정되었다는 점이다. 조약법에 관한 비엔나협약 [Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties(이하‘VCLT’)] 제31조와 제32조에 비추어 그 의미를 해석하면 다음과 같다. TRIPs협정 제27.2조 하에서 WTO 회원국은 ‘공공질서’또는‘공서양속’에 관한 자국의 정의에 따라 특정종류의 의약품을 특허대상으로부터 일괄적으로 제외할 수 있으나, 의약품의 가격이 높다는 이유는 특허대상 제외의 정당한 사유가 되지 못한다. 또한 개인적, 학술적 그리고 실험적 용도로 이용하는 경우‘공공질서 또는 공서양속의 보호’에 위배되지 않는 발명에 대해서는 WTO 회원국은 특허대상에서 제외할 수 없다. TRIPs협정 제27.3조 (a)호 하에서 기존의 물질에 대한 새로운 치료방법, 유전자 치료방법의 특허 대상으로부터 제외여부는 WTO 회원국의 재량권에 속하는 사항이다. TRIPs협정 제27.3조 (b)호 하에서 특허신청 시 유전자원의 출처공개 조치는 특허신청 허여에 있어서 필수요건으로 요구되어서는 아니 된다. TRIPs협정 제30조에서는 허여된 권리에 대한 예외를 규정하고 있다. 특허권자의 배타적인 권리에 대한 예외조치는 TRIPs협정 제30조의 3단계 요건을 만족하여야 한다. 첫 요건인‘제한된’은“ 범위가 한정된”의 의미이다. 두 번째 요건은‘통상적인 이용에 불합리하게 저촉되지 아니’하여야 한다. ‘불합리한 저촉’에 대한 해석에 있어서 각 국가는 특허권자의 배타적인 권리보호에 대한 서로 다른 철학을 가지고 있다는 점을 염두에 두어야 한다. TRIPs협정 제30조에서의 세 번째 요건은‘제3자의 정당한 이익을 고려’한 특허권자의‘정당한 이익을 불합리하게 저해해서는 아니 된다.’는 것이다. 동 조항에서의‘특허권자의 정당한 이익’은 특허권자의‘법적인 이익’보다는 더 넓은 의미이며, ‘제3자의 정당한 이익’은 공중의 의약품에 대한 접근의 권리를 포함하는 이익이다. 강제실시에 대하여 규정한 TRIPs협정 제31조를 살펴보면 강제실시 조치를 취함에 있어서 공중보건위기와 관련되는 질병은 만성병일 수 있다. TRIPs협정 제31조는 강제실시 허여 이유에 대하여 제한하지 않는다. 강제실시 협상에 실패한 동일한 특허대상에 대하여 강제실시를 허여한다면 사용자와 특허권자사이의 서한이나 연락 등을 참조하여 사안에 따라서는 강제실시 사용예정자의 사전협상 의무는 면제될 수 있다고 본다. TRIPs협정 제31조 (h)항에서의‘승인의 경제적 가치를 고려한 적절한 보상’에 있어서 WTO 회원국의 동 조항에 대한 신축적인 이행이 가능하다. 공중의 의약품에 대한 접근을 보장하는데 있어서 상당히 중요한 조치임에도 불구하고 기존의 TRIPs협정 특허제도에서 허용되지 않는 공중보건보호 조치는 TRIPs협정 특허규정에 대한 해석이 아니라 개정작업을 통하여서만 그 정당성이 보장된다.

Healthcare organizations need mutual cooperation among various medical professionals in order to carry out the performance of their duties spite of having a strong job specialization and independence based on license. However, spite of the importance of l

The present management of the domestic and international advanced enterprises is transferring the systems and the regulations to the prevention system management. Expecially, KOSHA (Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency) in Korea has supported to set up the OSHMS (Occupational Safety & Health Management System) by KOSHA 18001 since 1997. But small & medium enterprises (SMS) has many difficulties to set up the OSHMS system because of limited natural and human resources. In this study, the rating system as a judgment method of an OSHMS based on the certification standard of the OSHMS, which was suggested in previous study, was developed for SMS to adopt voluntarily the OSHMS, certify KOSHA 18001, and improve the safety and health level.

The safety & health can not be accomplished by only one side's effort of labor and management. To establish high level of occupational safety & health system, we have to recognize the extent of participance and need to study about how to keep the labor-management cooperation in good condition. The purpose of this paper is to make better suggestions such as how to improve the labor-management cooperation and how to establish the efficient occupational safety & health law through studying the labor-management cooperation system in the occupational safety & health.

최근 들어 사회가 복잡해지고 도시화, 기계화됨에 따라 각종 스트레스가 증가하고 사회병리현상도 증가했다. 또한 의학발달과 함께 질병에 대한 치유율이 높아지고 그로 인해 장애인은 증가하는 추세이다. 그러나 전통적인 지역사회의 사회통합력이 약화되면서 정신장애인들에 대한 사회적 지지는 오히려 감소하고 있다. 정신장애인들은 의료서비스를 받은 후 일차적인 증상이 없어졌다 하더라도 지역사회에서 생활할 때 많은 어려움이 따른다. 또한 지역사회에서 생활하고 있는 정신장애인은 복합적인 사회적 기능장애를 가진 상태이기 때문에 다양하고 복잡한 문제에 적응하기가 더욱 취약하다. 정신장애가 있는 사람들이 지역사회에서 최대한 신체적, 정신적, 사회적 능력과 그들의 취미, 직업, 교육 등의 잠재적 능력을 발달시켜 최대한 정상에 가까운 풍요로운 삶을 살 수 있도록 지원되어야 한다. 따라서 본 연구는 미국 지역사회 정신보건 재활프로그램(Program of Assertive Community Treatment)과 선진국의 정신보건정책 등을 통해 정신장애인들이 지역사회에서 적응할 수 있는 정신보건서비스 구축을 위한 방안을 제시하려고 한다.

The present management of the domestic and international advanced enterprises is transferring the systems and the regulations to the prevention system management. Expecially, KOSHA (Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency) in Korea has supported to set up the OSHMS (Occupational Safety & Health Management System) by KOSHA 18001 since 1997. But small & medium enterprises (SMS) has many difficulties to set up the OSHMS system because of limited natural and human resources. In this study, the rating system as a judgment method of an OSHMS based on the certification standard of the OSHMS was suggested for SMS to adopt voluntarily the OSHMS, certify KOSHA 18001, and improve the safety and health level.

The government separated and established the industrial safety and health law from the Labor Standard law since 1981 to promote the labor's working environment and to improve the conditions of laborers. The government made a lot of effort to discharge the industrial safety and health law by continuous revision of the law thereafter. it is, however, difficult to establish clear-cut lines of authority and responsibility due to the fact that the substantial application of the industrial safety and health law is adapted by enterprise's autonomous management. There are frequent industrial disasters on the small and medium enterprises which have financial difficulty and it means this causes much more social cost. Finally, for the improvement of laborer's safety, health and working environment in the small and medium enterprises we need to raise the effectiveness of the industrial safety and health law through enhancing a government-office's administration and surveillance with the changing mind of a business proprietor. On this paper, we research on the actual condition of the administration, inspection and regulation of safety and health by means of the industrial safety and health law. Thereafter we analyze how much the Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency and vicarious businesses of safety & health management help. we used the survey method to gather data from 380 laborers directly and analysed the data by SPSS v17.0.

The present management of the domestic and international advanced enterprises is transferring the systems and the regulations to the prevention system management. Expecially, KOSHA (Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency) in Korea has supported to set up the OSHMS (Occupational Safety & Health Management System) by KOSHA 18001 since 1997. But small & medium enterprises (SMS) have many difficulties to set up the OSHMS because of limited natural and human resources. Therefore, this study is developed and proposed the certification standard of an OSHMS for SMS based on the case study on advanced countries, actual conditions of SMS in Korea, and opinion of specialists.

In order to develop a protective carrier scaffolder for the external usage of medical and hygienic materials, three essential protective elements existing in nature, i.e., algin, cellulose, and calcium phosphate apatite, were investigated. The algin is a main skeletal component of sea weeds, the cellulose is of vegetables, and the calcium phosphate apatite is of vertebral animals. In the present study we select the agarose which is a derivative from algin, the cellulose fiber obtained from skin of sea squirt, calcium oxide purified from shell powder, and tricalcium phosphate apatite purchased commercially. Consequently, the agarose-cellulose hybrid was made by the hydrogen bonds intermediating the calcium phosphate apatite between agarose and cellulose molecules. As the calcium phosphate apatite is formed by the addition of calcium hydroxide into tricalcium phosphate solution, we used calcium oxide to accelerate the hybridization between the agarose and calcium phosphate apatite and also between the cellulose and calcium phosphate apatite. In the phase contrast microscopic observation the agarose-cellulose hybrid showed more compact matrix structure than the mixture of agarose and cellulose. The agarose-cellulose hybrid showed increased storage modulus but decreased loss modulus in Rheometer test compared to those of the other materials tested in this study, representing that the agarose-cellulose hybrid has the highest elasticity among them and similar water capacity to agarose. The agarose-cellulose hybrid showed the strongest antimicrobial effect in bacteria killing assay than the other materials, and also it showed a potent blood clotting effect but no immunological hypersensitivity on the human skin. From the above results we presumed that the nobel material, agarose-cellulose hybrid, is a compact scaffolding matrix which has proper elasticity, high capacity to hold substrates, and antimicrobial and blood clotting property potent enough to carry the bio-medical and hygienic materials for external treatment safely.

In today's industrial society, one observes fierce competition aiming at profit generation among companies, and the utilization of complex machineries and cutting edge science and technology constitutes a constant threat to the life, body, and health of employees. In such a context, it is precisely the purpose of the Industrial Safety and Health Act that is in force to provide protection to the life and health of employees against hazardous and harmful environment and the role of enterprises becomes more and more important in the law. The Industrial Safety and Health Act places the responsibility for preventing industrial accidents on the shoulders of the business employer by providing safety and health information relating to current employees and creating an appropriate work environment. The employer must recognize the importance of prevention of industrial accident and must possess a business philosophy that places top priority on safety when it comes to company management. In light of such practical considerations, the present study approaches to find out the influence of safety and health management on business management from a statistical sample survey point of view. By doing this, the study hopes to show that a through safety management serves to protect the life and health of employees and raise profit for businesses. What is more, the study hopes to demonstrate that promoting a sound business culture can act as fertilizer that promotes the ushering in of a bright society.

초 록 현재 우리나라는 1997년 7월부터 KOSHA18001 인증제도를 운영하여 사업장의 안전보건경영시스템 구축을 지원하고 있다. 그러나 사업장 규모에 따라 그 수준이 현저하게 차이가 있을 뿐만 아니라 안전보건경영시스템의 평가기준이 복잡하고, 어렵기 때문에 담당자들이 시스템 인식에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 특히, 중소규모 사업장은 한정된 자원과 인력으로 자율안전보건경영체제를 구축하기에는 더욱 어려움이 크다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국내 중소규모 사업장의 자율안전보건경영체제 구축을 지원하기 위해 선진국의 안전보건경영 관련 사례와 국내 사업장의 의견을 바탕으로, 중소규모 사업장용 안전보건경영시스템 인증기준(안)을 개발하였다.

목적 : 본 연구는 현행 실시되는 보건소의 지역사회중심 재활 사업에 작업치료사 인력 보급의 필요성과 역할의 중요성을 밝히고자 한 것이다. 연구방법 : 이를 위해 대구시에서 CBR 사업을 시범적으로 운영하는 보건소를 중심으로 지역사회재활 사업에 참여한 장애인 73명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하고, 같은 지역 장애인 중 20명을 대상으로 작업치료 프로그램개입 후 환자의 변화를 비교하고, 사업의 현실적인 문제를 조사하기 위해 담당관과의 심층 면담을 실시하였다. 결과 : 설문조사에서 지역사회장애인들이 전문재활치료를 필요로 하였고, 작업치료 프로그램이 포함된 지역중심 재활사업에 만족도가 높았다. 작업치료 프로그램 전 후 비교에서는 중재 전후 일상생활활동과 삶의 질에서 의미 있는 차이가 있었다(p<.01). 결론 : 장애인들의 일상생활활동을 향상시키고, 사회적 참여를 통한 삶의 질을 향상시키기 위해 서 지역사회중심재활 사업에 작업치료사의 개입이 필요하다. 그리고 CBR사업의 활성화를 위해 보건소에 작업치료사 배치를 위한 절차적인 기준을 마련해야 한다.