본 연구는 졸참나무의 건전한 1-1 조림용 묘목을 생산하기 위해 초기 묘고가 다른 묘목에서 적절한 단근의 강도를 구명하기 위해 실시하였다. 이를 위해 1-0 노지묘의 크기를 구분하여 단근(5, 10, 15 cm)을 실시하였다. 1년의 생육기간이 지난 시점에서 묘고를 비롯한 지상부 생장량과 주근 및 측근의 발달 특성을 비교 분석하였다. 지상부의 생장은 초기 묘목 크기와 단근에 의해 다양한 차이가 나타났으며, 측근의 발달은 묘목 크기에 따른 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 초기 묘고가 큰 묘목군에서는 15 cm로 단근된 묘목이 가장 우수한 지상부 생장량을 나타내었으며, 초기 묘고가 작은 묘목군에서는 15 cm와 10 cm로 단근된 묘목이 우수한 생장량을 나타내었다. 묘목 크기에 따른 생장은 초기 묘고가 큰 묘목이 작은 묘목보다 우수한 지상부 생장을 나타내었으며, 주근의 재생산량과 새롭게 발달된 측근의 수도 많았다. 하지만 측근의 길이 및 무게 생장은 작은 묘목이 더 많았다. 결론적으로 본 연구결과를 종합해 보면, 고품질의 묘목을 생산하기 위해서는 묘고가 큰 1-0묘를 생산하는 것이 다양한 장점을 가지며, 초기 묘고가 26 cm 이상의 큰 묘목은 15 cm로 단근하고, 초기 묘고가 24 cm 이하의 묘목은 10 cm로 단근하는 것이 가장 이상적인 단근길이라고 판단된다.

본 연구에서는 폴리에틸렌아디페이트와 폴리메틸메타크릴레이트로 구성된 고분자 마이크로입자에 닥나무 뿌리 추출물을 함유시켜 닥나무 뿌리 추출물의 안정도와 상용성을 성공적으로 향상시켰다. 마이크로입자를 구성하는 고분자의 비율에 따라 마이크로입자에 함유된 닥나무 뿌리 추출물의 장기안정도에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 폴리에틸렌아디페이트 마이크로입자의 물리적 강도를 높여주기 위하여 폴리메틸메타크릴레이트를 도입 하였으며, 이는 마이크로입자에 안정화시킨 닥나무 뿌리 추출물의 안정도에는 큰 영향이 없었다. 광학현미경, 편광현미경, 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 고분자 마이크로입자의 물리적 안정도를 관찰하였고, in vitro 실험을 통하여 고분자 마이크로입자로 안정화된 닥나무 뿌리 추출물의 미백 효과도 잘 유지되고 있음을 확인하였다.

This study was conducted to investigate the extraction characteristics including total polyphenol compound content (TPC) and the antioxidative effect of Rumex crispus root extract on commercial corn oil. Extraction yield was increased with extraction temperature but decreased with extraction ratio. No significant differences in aromatics content were found among the extracts prepared with various extraction conditions; extraction ratio, extraction temperature, extraction pH and composition of extractant. Total flavonoid content of the extract was increased with extraction temperature and extraction pH, and highest value of it was found when extractant composition of ethanol in water was 75%. Total polyphenol compound content (TPC) of the extract with 10 fold extraction ratio showed the highest value, but no significant difference in TPC was found with extraction temperature. Reducing power and DPPH (α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging ability (RSA) of the extract in spectrophotometric absorbance were decreased with extraction ratio but increased with extraction temperature and showed 63.1%~98.4% and 67.6%~86.7% of those of ascorbic acid in reducing power and DPPH RSA, respectively. The antioxidative effects of the extract on corn oil were 84.8~93.0% of that of commercial butylated hydroxytoluene, the antioxidant index value was highest when the ethanol composition to water in extractant was equal ratio.

This experiment was conducted to verify whether one time feeding of Lythrum salicaria root crude extract (LSR extract) exhibits liver protecting activities in acutely ethanol administrated rat. Experiment groups were composed of normal, negative control (alcohol control), 2 positive control (Hovenia dulcis extract 900 mg/kg and milk thisle 100 mg/kg), betulinic acid (20 mg/kg), a compound separated from LSR, and 3 LSR (100, 300, 900 mg/kg) groups. LSR treated groups showed decrease (p < 0.05) in serum triglyceride by dose-dependent manner. The content of serum albumin and the activity of ADH and ALDH in LSR extract fed rats were increased (p < 0.05) dependently on the administration amounts. Our study indicated that one time supplement of LSR downregulates oxidative stress and shows liver protective activity in the acute alcohol-fed rats.

The antimicrobial activities of Smilax china L. against spoilage bacteria isolated from Mang-gae rice cake were investigated and the storage stability of the Mang-gae rice cake was enhanced. Spoilage bacteria, which cause Mang-gae rice cake to rot, were isolated from commercial Mang-gae rice cake, and most of the isolated strains were identified as Bacillus sp. After the leaves, roots, shoots, and stalks of the Smilax china L. were extracted using 50% ethanol as the solvent, their antimicrobial activities were investigated using the paper disc method by treating them with 50 μL of Bacillus cereus, which is known as a major pathogenic micro-organism in foods that contain starch, as the test organism. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts were compared according to the size of the clear zones around the paper discs. The root extract showed significant antimicrobial activities. When red beans, which are used as stuffing for Mang-gae rice cake, were treated with the root extract of the Smilax china L., the viable cell count of the Mang-gae rice cake was 5.04 Log CFU/g after 48-hr storage, and the cake showed significantly slower growth of bacteria than with commercial products. These results show that treatment of red beans with Smilax china root extract could improve the storage stability of Mang-gae rice cake.

In this study, to develop hair growth agents using natural products which has excellent ability to promote hair growth effect and fewer side effect, animal experiment and clinical trials was performed to evaluate hair growth promotion effect of herbal product containing Rosa mutiflora roots extracts as a main component (RMHP). 4-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were removed the dorsal hair using thioglycolate, and applied 15% EtOH solution as a negative control, 5% minoxidil as a positive control and RMHP to dorsal skin. In the results of macroscopy and photo-interpretation, RMHP group recorded 100% (+++++) of hair growth was proved to significantly stimulate hair growth against 80% (++++) negative control group. 37 patients were treated with RMHP and evaluated the therapeutic effect at 16 weeks. Hair density was significantly increased at 16 weeks after applying RMHP (125.0±4.9 FU/cm2) compared to before treatment (104.3±4.7 FU/cm2, p 〈 0.05), and hair thickness were also significantly increased (0.066±0.003 mm) than before treatment (0.055±0.002 mm, p 〈 0.05). The result of clinical photo-interpretation using 7-point rating scale assessment, after 16 weeks clinical symptoms were evaluated to significantly improve with 1.23±0.05 (p 〈 0.05). Therefore, the results of this study were observed that RMHP have hair loss prevention effect and hair growth promotion effect to hair loss patients.

본 연구는 우엉추출물의 항염증효과를 측정하였다. 인간 유래 폐상피세포 A549를 이용하여 염증반응을 유발하고 유지시키는데 중요한 역할을 나타낸다고 알려진 ICAM-1의 억제적 조절 효과를 평가하였으며, 염증매개인자로 알려진 NO와 이의 생성에 영향을 미치는 iNOS의 발현조절에서도 억제효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 또한, 우엉추출물이 인간각질형성세포주의 세포증식에 효과가 있음을 나타내었다. 본 연구에서 사용되는 폐상피세포는 호흡기질환의 천식 등의 알러지 및 만성염증연구에 주로 활용되고 있으며, 각질형성세포는 아토피 피부염의 만성 염증반응에서 주요하게 확인하는 요소이다. 따라서 본 연구결과에서 나타난 우엉추출물의 항염증 효과는 다양한 염증반응에서도 특히, 알러지 및 아토피 피부염 질환을 더욱 악화시키는 만성 염증에 있어서 우엉추출물이 유용한 소재로 사용될 수 있음을 시사한다고 할 수 있다.

In this study, the extraction characteristics of soluble solid from Rumex crispus(Curled dock) was studied from the investigation of the effects of experimental conditions on extraction rate; extraction ratio, composition of extractants, extraction time and pH of extractant, etc. The proximate composition of Rumex crispus was 2.58% crude lipid, 5.59% crude protein, 7.39% crude ash, 6.13% moisture and 78.31% carbohydrate, respectively. Turbidity of extract by distilled water was higher and increased with extraction time and extraction temperature, where as the turbidity didn't increase by ethanol and methanol in 20 folds of extraction ratio. Turbidity was inversely proportional to the extraction ratio for the three extractants at 25℃ and 1 hour extraction. But turbidity of extract was highest by composition of 50% methanol-water extractant than any other compositions of extractants. Eighteen and fifteen free aminoacids were detected in extracts with distilled water, methanol and ethanol extractant, respectively, and it's contents were order of glutamic acid>proline>aminobutyric acid>alanine. The extraction rate of soluble solid from Rumex crispus was order of distilled water>methanol>ethanol within experimental extraction ratio. In extraction with distilled water, the contents of soluble solid was inversely proportional to the pH of extractant.

This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of Rhizome rot incidence of Platycodon grandiflorus by cultivation period and ridge width and furrow depth. The three types of ridge width 0.8, 1.0, and 1.2 m and several levels of furrow depth and 6 levels cultivation period. This experiment was done in farmer's farm and the treatments were also classified in the same spot. In this investigation, ridge width, soil water content, soil hardness, and cultivation period were positively related with Rhizome rot incidence, however, furrow depth was negatively related with that. So this experiment could draw a conclusion : excess water damage and soil hardness could directly or indirectly effect on the Rhizome rot incidence, so cultivation method should be developed such as making underground ditch or cultivation in well draining soil for escaping excess waster damage.

신선한 울릉도 민들레 뿌리를 70% ethanol로 침지 추출하여 얻어진 추출물을n-hexane, EtOAc, n-BuOH로 순차용매 분획하였다. 이중 상대적으로 높은 pancreatic lipase 저해활성을 나타낸 EtOAc 분획에 대해 Toyopearl 및 겔을 활용한 column chromatography를 수행하여 5종의 페놀성 화합물을 분리하였다. 각 화합물의 화학구조는 NMR 스펙트럼 데이터 해석 및 표품과의 HPLC 직접 비교를 통

청미래덩굴 뿌리(Smilacis rhizoma)로부터 칼슘과 결합하는 물질을 분리하고자 열수로 추출한 추출물을 ion exchange, normal-phase HPLC 및 gel filtration chromatogarphy를 이용하여 칼슘 결합 물질을 순차적으로 분리하였다. 그 결과 ion exchange chromatography에서 7개의 major peaks를 얻었으며, 이 중 F6 fraction이 0.083 mM로 칼슘과 가장 높은 결

Root extract of Lythrum salicaria reported a hepato-protective effect on CCl4-induced liver toxicity of rat was prepared into fractions such as n-hexane up layer (HA), n-hexane down layer (HB), diethyl ether (E), ethylacetate (EA), n-butanol (B) and water (W). Fractions prepared were tested their activities in vitro and in vivo condition. All of the fractions showed effective antioxidant asctivities on DPPH radical and CuSO4-induced oxidation of human low density lipoprotein and E fraction showed the highest inhibitory effect (98.1% at 50 μg/ml) on linoleic acid autoxidation at 40℃, which was more effective than α-tocopherol (82.4%). Five fractions (H = HA plus HB, E, EA, B, and W, 150 mg/kg/day) were fed into Sprague Dawley, male rats for 4 days, which were intoxicated with intra-peritoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (1 ml/kg in corn oil) at the 4th day and were sacrificed in 24 hrs. Serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), a proinflammatory cytokine, elevated with CCl4-intoxication in negative control group (83 pg/ml) was significantly decreased in E fraction-supplemented group (18 pg/ml). Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased in negative control group (0.12 U/mg protein) was decreased in E fraction (0.07 U/mg protein). From the results, it is suggested that ether fraction from root extract of L. salicaria would be a potent antioxidant candidate for ameliorating liver injury induced by chemical intoxicant.

식물의 뿌리 및 줄기에 대한 개념의 이해 정도를 파악하여 개념 연구를 위한 기초적 자료를 제공할 목적으로 초등과학의 뿌리 및 줄기 관련 단원에서 개념을 추출하고 초등학생 800명을 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시하였다. 전체 20개 검사문항의 평균 오답율은 47.3%로서 초등학생들의 뿌리 및 줄기에 대한 과학적 개념 정도는 낮은 편이었다. 40% 이상의 오답율을 보인 문항은 줄기에서 8개 문항, 뿌리에서는 5개 문항이었다. 이러한 높은 오답율은 좁은 범위의 경험이나 자료를 가지고 성급한 판단에 의해 개념을 일반화하거나 무분별한 유추, 지각 우위의 사고, 낮은 인지발달 단계 등으로 인해 생긴 결과이다. 전체 문항에 대한 도시학생과 농촌학생, 남학생과 여학생, 5학년과 6학년 등의 평균 정답율은 유의한 차이가 없었으나 문항별 비교에서는 각각의 그룹에서 2내지 3개의 문항에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 초등학생들의 뿌리와 줄기 개념에 대한 이해를 향상시키기 위해서는 야외에서 직접 관찰하는 체험학습이 무엇보다도 중요하며, 다양한 경험을 위하여 식물에 관한 그림책이나 인터넷을 활용하여 학습하는 것이 필요하다. 아울러 교사는 오답율이 높은 문항에 대하여 구성주의와 같은 학습모형을 적용하여 적절한 인지갈등을 유발할 수 있는 방안을 강구해야 할 것이다