Glycoside fatty acid esters were synthesized by lipase-catalyzed glycosylation of fatty acids with methyl glycoside in solvent and solvent free process. Optimum condition of solvent process using 2-methyl-2-propanol were : moral ratio of methyl glycoside to fatty acid 1:3: initial concentration of methyl glycoside 50g/l:enzyme(immodilized lipase Novozym 435 from Candidia antarctica) content 1%(w/v) : desiccant content 9%(w/v); reaction temperature 60℃: reaction time 10hrs. The yield of 99% was obtained. Solvent-free process was carried out in total absence of solvent at 70℃ under reduced pressure, 5-20mmHg. To give meximum yield of 99% at the optimum condition of molar ratio of methyl glycoside to fatty acid 1:3, enzyme content 10%(w/w), and reaction time 10hrs. The glycosylation reactivity of different glycosylation agents were sequent to Methyl-β-D-fructofuranoside. Methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside. Methyl-β-D-fructofuranosi de, and Methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside.

This study was designed to examine the effect of Ω-3 fatty acid, linlenic acid, EPA, DHA on serum lipid and cytokines of male rats(Sprague-Dawley). Animals of 3 groups were administrated perilla oil, salmoon oil, and tuna oil of 0.4 ml/day for 8 weeks respectively. These oils were used for a source of linolenic acid, EPA and DHA. Ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid decreases significantly body weight, serum PGE2 content and serum cytokines content of the rat, and increases internal organs weight, specially liver weight and serum HDL-cholesterol level of the rat. In the results, authors propose to use perilla oil for source of effective Ω-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acid(linolenic acid) to Prevent cardiovascular and immune diseases.

본연구는 전북에 소재한 3개 중소기업의 국제화 사례를 바탕으로 지방중소기업의 국제화과 정을 연구한 것이다. 조선이기, 한독엘리베이터, 아이본 등 3개 기업의 사장과 2-3시간에 걸쳐 수출과정, 해외직접투자과정, 국제화 애로사항 등을 심층 인터뷰한 결과를 바탕으로 지방중소기업의 국제화 특징과 문제점을 파악하여 국제화이론, 기업전략 및 지방정부의 정책방안에 대한 시사점을 도출하였다. 연구결과 지방중소기업들의 국제화 특징은 개인위주의 비체계적인 국제화, 생존차원에서 부족한 부분을 보완키 위한 국제화, 신속하고 유연한 국제화, 지방비용을 안고 국제화 등으로 요약할 수 있었다. 이에 따라 지방중소기업의 국제화는 순차적이고 점진적인 국제화과정을 상정한 웁살라모델보다는 혁신채택과정을 상정하는 국제화모델로 설명하는 것이 보다 타당하다는 시사점을 도출하였다. 또한 국제화과정에서 부딪치는 문제점을 해결하기 위해서는 최고경영자의 경험지식을 내부적으로 체계화하는 작업과 지속적인 학습이 필요하며. 산업화 기반을 확충하고 지역특화산업을 육성하고자 하는 지방정부의 노력이 더욱 요구된다는 점을 제시하였다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate selected nutrient intakes, dietary atherogenesity, energy balance and activity level of college students. One hundred and thirty one students (61 males and 70 females) made their three-day dietary records and one-day activity records along with one-day dietary records. BMI of the surveyed students was 22.33 for males and 20.28 for females. Average calorie intakes of male and female students was respectively 2166.20㎉ and 1793.60㎉. Females had slightly higher fiber intakes than males in terms of fiber g/1000㎉. Carbohyrate, protein and fat ratios in energy composition of males and females were respectively 56.62 : 15.33 : 24.70 and 57.64 : 16.49 : 25.79. Average cholesterol intakes of male and female students were 295.66㎎ and 259㎎ respectively. The male showed higher saturated fat intake, and had higher atherogenic indices of diets such as cholesterol index(CI) and cholesterol-saturated fat index(CSI) than the female. Males spent an average of 1039.00㎉/day compared to females of 687.93㎉/day for all physical activities. Most students participated in light(100% of males and females) and moderate(33% of males and 3% of females) activities level. Few students spent time at severe and very severe activity level. Seventeen of the 131 students were in positive energy balance whereas 83% were in negative balance. Both genders with positive energy balance tended towards smaller weight and BMI, and larger food intakes than those with negative energy balance. Students with positive energy balance had higher saturated fat intakes and dietary atherogenic scores of CI and CSI than the counterparts with negative energy balance. Males with positive energy balance had decreased physical activity and daily energy expenditure whereas increased food and saturated fat intakes. Females with positive energy balance had significantly increased food, saturated fat and sugar intakes.

As a result of the execution of the import liberalization and local autonomy with WTO system launching, centralized rural extension service converted to localized rural extension service. This advent of globalization and localization era affects our over all agricultural condition, moreover the duty and role of rural extension organization which take complete of rural extension, is compelled to diversified and specified technology. In this study, first we will investigate the change of agricultural, rural community, and local rural extension service in globalization and localization era. Second we will analyze the confronted problems of local rural extension service. With this study's outcome for basis, we will present new role and direction of local rural extension service which can contribute to local agricultural development.

All the triacylglycerols including the molecular species having δ5-unsaturated fatty acids from the seeds of Pinus Koraiensis, were split into a mixture of diacylglycerols by a Grignard reagent prepared with allyl bromide without arousing acyl chains of a glycerol moiety to migration, and were also easily partially hydrolyzed to diacylglycerols by pancreatic lipase. (S)-(+)-(1-naphthyl)ethyl urethane(NEU) derivatives of the diacylglycerol mixture derived from the triacylglycerols were fractionated into sn-1, 3-, sn-1, 2- and sn-2, 3-DG-NEU by silica-HPLC and the fatty acid composition of these fractions was analysed. C18:1Ω9 is distributed evenly in the three positions of TG with C18:2Ω6 mainly located in sn-2 position, while δ5-unsaturated fatty acids such as δ5.9-C18:2, δ5.9.12-C18:3 and δ5.11.14-C20:3 are exclusively present in the sn-3 position. These results could be confirmed by 13C-NMR spectroscopy : the signals at δ173.231 ppm and δ172.811 ppm of the carbonyl carbon of acyl moieties indicate the presence of saturated acids and/or C18:1Ω9 (oleic acid) in the α(α')- or β- positions, and C18:2Ω6 including C18:1Ω9 in the β-position, respectively. In addition, the resonance at δ173.044 ppm suggested a location of δ5-unsaturated fatty acid moiety in the α(α')-position.

According to economical status, under-nutrition and over-nutrition coexist in preschool children in Korea. Subjects consumed more than RDA in most nutrients, and children in of the upper income class tended to have more nutrients than those of the low income class. Especially in case of energy, protein, fat, vitamin B2, and P there were significant differences among the different classes. The mean calorie compositions of carbohydrates, protein and fat were 57~59: 16~17: 26~27 and fat calorie percentage was higher than quantity recommended for Korean adults. Energy, protein, Fe, vitamin A, B1 and C intakes were taken mostly from plant food sources. In the upper income class group, intakes of protein and vitamin B2 from animal food sources were higher than in any other income classes. Intakes of iron, vitamin A, B1 and C were largely provided by plant food group. Especially 44-45% of vitamin A were taken from vegetable and fruits group, which indicated that about 50% of vitamin A intake was the form of β-carotene. Also compared with other groups, in the upper income class group, the intakes of energy, protein, Ca, p, vitamin B1 and vitamin B2 from cereal and potatoes were significantly lower, and those of Ca and P from milks and meats, fishes & eggs were significantly higher(p〈0.05). The mean fat intake in all subjects was 38~43g/day. Regardless of income class, oleic acid(6.6~8.4g) and linoleic acid(6.7~8.1g) were the most abundant fatty acids contained in the diet. The upper class group consumed significantly more total saturated fatty acids and total monounsaturated fatty acids(p〈0.05). In polyunsaturated fatty acids, there were no differences between 3 different income classes, but intakes of total Ω6 fatty acids in the upper class tended to be higher and those of total o3 fatty acids in low class tended to be higher. Therefore, Ω6/Ω3 tended to be higher in the upper class group. Regardless of income classes, P/M/S and Ω6/Ω3 ratios in all subjects were 0.9~l.3/1.0~1.1/1.0 and 5.2~7.4/1.0, respectively and were in a desirable range. Cholesterol intake of subject was 184-218 mg/day, which was comparable to the value of Korean adult intake.

인슐린 저항성이 발생된 흰쥐 골격근에서 n-3 다불포화지방산이 당수송에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 연구한 본 논문을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 5주간의 식이에 의한 각군간의 유의한 체중 변화는 없었다. 5주간의 고지방식이에 의하여 혈당은 정상식이군의 83mg/dl에 비하여 94mg/dl로 13% 더 증가하였다(p<0.05). n-3 다불포화지방산에 의하여서는 혈당의 유의적 감소는 없었으나 다소 감소하였다. 혈장 인슐린은 정상식이군의 11.6U/ml에 비하여 고지방식이군은 32.4U/ml로 높았으며(p<0.01), n-3 다불포화지방산에 의하여 28.7U/ml로 감소하였다(p<0.01). 가자미근의 당수송은 시험관 실험에서 고지방식이군이 정상식이군에 비하여 기초상태 뿐만아니라 인슐린 1, 10, 100nM에서도 현저히 감소하여(p<0.01) 인슐린 감수성과 반응도 모두 감소한 인슐린 저항성을 보여 주었다. 고지방식이군에 n-3 다불포화지방산의 첨가시 고지방식이군에 비하여 기초상태, 인슐린 1, 10, 100nM에서 유의하게(p<0.01) 증가하였으나 정상군의 그것에는 미치지 못하였다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 보아 5주간의 고지방식이시 당수송에 장애와 골격근의 인슐린 저항성이 발견되었으며, 고지방식이에 n-3 다불포화지방산의 첨가에 의해서 골격근 인슐린 저항성의 정도가 억제되므로 고지방식이에 의한 인슐린 저항성은 n-3 다불포화지방산이 효과적으로 예방이 가능할 것으로 생각되었다.

본 연구는 오르트산 투여가 흰쥐의 지방간 유발 형성과정에서 간장 및 혈청의 각 지질과 간세포의 지방산 조성에 대하여 경시적으로 함량 변화를 분석하였다. 그 결과 오로트산 투여 흰쥐의 간장 지질의 구성 지방산 중에서 리놀레산 (18:2, n-6)이 모든 각 지방질 중 가장 많이 증가하였다. 리놀레산은 간세포의 소포체 및 골지체의 트리아실글리세롤에서도 증가하였다. 이 지방산 패턴을 경시적으로 분석한 결과, 간장 트리아실글리세롤에서는 오로트산 투여 1일째부터 증가하고, 디아실글리세롤에서도 같은 결과를 나타냈다. 그러나 혈청 트리아실글리세롤에서는 오로트산 투여 1일째에서는 증가하였으나, 2일째부터는 증가율이 둔화되었고, 10일째에서는 대조군보다 저하하였다. 한편, 지방산 중에서 올레인산(18:1, n-9)은 간장 콜레스테릴 에스테르에서만 현저히 상승하였으나, 다른 것에서는 차이가 없었다. 간장 트리아실글리세롤, 디아실글리세롤, 콜레스테릴 에스테릴의 구성 지방산 중에서는 14:0, 16:0, 18:0의 포화지방산은 오르트산 투여로 저하하였고, 역으로 혈청 트리아실글리세롤에서는 이런 지방산이 증가하였다. 이러한 결과로부터, 오르트산 유발 지방간에 있어서 간장 트리아실글리세롤이 축적될 때, 간장지질의 구성 지방산 중에서 18:2의 비율이 현저하게 증가한바, 지방산의 대사 저해와, 간장에서 혈청으로 이행하는 경로가 저해되고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

돈육의 적육을 70%로 하여 등지방을 첨가하지 않고 저지방 프레스햄(A)을 제조하고, 또 돈육과 등지방 배합비를 각각 60%와 10%(B), 55%와 15%(C) 및 50%와 20%(D)로 하여 모두 4종류의 프레스햄을 제조하였다. 이 때에 적육과 등지방 이외의 모든 재료와 제조 조건은 동일하게 하였다. 제조된 프레스햄의 일반성분, 보수력 및 기호성을 비교하고, 이것을 4℃에서 60일간 냉장하면서 10일 간격으로 조직특성의 변화 정도를 비교하였다. 저지방 프레스햄(A)은 수분 71.3%, 조단백질 함량 23.4%로 다른 제품보다 높았으며, 저지방 함량은 2.8%로 현저히 낮았다(p<0.05). 저지방 프레스햄의 보수력은 74.5%로 다른 제품보다 높았다. 저지방 프레스햄의 표면색도 중 명도(L)는 61.6 황색도(b)는 5.9로 다른 제품보다 높게 나타났다. 저지방 프레스햄은 경도가 70, .2, 탄성 85%, 씹힘성 0.49㎏, 뭉침성 2.0% 및 파쇄성이 0.7㎏으로 다른 제품보다 높은 편이었고 응집성의 경우 D제품보다 낮은 값을 보였다. 저지방 프레스햄의 향과 조직감은 다른 제품보다 열등하였으나 맛이 우수하였으며 기호성도 좋은 편이었다.

The saturated fatty acids(arachidic acid, stearic acid, and palmitic acid) were repeatedly applied on water surface, and their π-A isotherms and Maxwell displacement current(MDC) were measured to identify the effect of the number of carbons of fatty acids on the properties of Langmuir films. The saturated fatty which contain higher carbon number showed higher MDC peak, and the less carbon it contains, the higher surface pressure they show. It was found the maximum of MDC peaks was as the molecular area just before the surface pressure increases in compression cycles of saturated fatty acids.

The sodium α-sulfo fatty acid vinyl ester oligomers, which are oligomer type surfactants were prepared by polymerization with fatty acid vinyl acetate. The α-sulfonation of fatty acid vinyl ester oligomers were carried by direct addition of sulfur trioxide. The dispersing performance of oligomer type anionic surfactants and sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) in the aqueous suspension of iron oxide and titanium dioxide particles was evaluated by particle size distribution and zeta-potential measurement. As results, the particles of iron oxide and titanium dioxide were flocculated by addition of small amount of oligomer type anionic surfactants and sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS), then the flocks redispersed by more addition of oligomer type anionic surfactants and SDS. The flocculation, redispersion process was observed in lower concentration range of oligomer type anionic surfactants than SDS. Especially, the dispersing action of sodium α-sulfo palmitic acid vinyl ester oligomer was better than sodium α-sulfo lauric acid vinyl ester oligomer.

In the meantime, the study of traditional and contemporary house had been produced so many achievements in korea, but modern house is yet to be solved, Accordingly, It is necessary to develop and present the basic research data in order to build up an objective study for urban house in the modern age(1910-1945), Following to a study on the foreigner's house in grid-type settlement of Open Ports, in this research is to investigate and analyze modern houses of urban areas in korean inland, and then clarify types and changes of them. In the first year(1995~96), the modern houses of Central Inland Districts(arrounding river Kumgang)-Kunsan kanggyong Puyo Kongju Pugang Chongju were investigated by the layout of room, the construction and materials, the design and style, etc. In the second year(1996~97), the modern houses of Open Market(開市場)-Seoul Taegu Kwangju Taejon Chonju were conducted to investigate as above. The traditional house transformed by differentiation and addition of room(kan), the various types were respectively adopted for the korean reforming and western cultural house. In the layout of room, the types of plan were gradually concentrated from the single wings of korean traditional house. The korean traditional house was later improved through the introduction of entrance, corridor, and internal toilet/bathroom. But the korean under-floor heating system(andal) and a series of three rooms had been entirely maintained, composed of master bedroom/living room(daechung)/room. And the traditional town house with shop and storage, being built closely to each other and walled up both sides, it had taken gradually the extensive characteristics in itself. By the displacement of shop/dwelling/ storage. the various types were respectively adopted for the separated, multi-storied, and complex type. The type of them was gradually changed to the narrow and linear form. And so with the stockpile of fundamental datas about modern houses in korean urban areas, we expect these results contribute to the knowledge of the spatial characteristics of urban house at present which are required to the understanding of transition as well as types.

In recent years, there has been considerable interest in the development of new functional surfactant including new type of anionic surfactants. Anionic surfactants, α-sulfo fatty acids that straight long chain alkyl group having from 12 to 18 carbon atoms, were synthesized with sulfur trioxide-dioxane complex to good yield. Xylitol α-sulfo fatty acid esters were obtained by reaction that the acetification and esterification of xylitol, by addition reaction with sodium chloride and hydrolysis respectively. These compounds were a new group of destructible surfactants which readily hydrolyzed and oxidized in natural water reservoirs. Physical properties of these new compounds involved surface tension, critical micelle concentration(cmc), foaming power, emulsion power, and hydrolysis properties, were measured. The cmc values of the compounds by ring method were assumed to 7.0×10-3~3.0×10-2mol/l range and surface tensions at cmc were 25~31dyne/cm respectively.