소포제의 주성분으로 소수성 알킬기 탄산수가 12에서 18까지의 고급지방알코올, 고급지방산, 고급지방산에스테르를 사용하였다. 제조한 소포제의 입도분포, 온도, 농도에 대한 소포 특성을 1L/min의 유속하의 ASTM 방식의 Air Injection Method로 측정하였고, 표면장력과 유화력을 측정하였다. 이들 소포제의 입도분포에 대한 소포특성은 입도분포가 5.5~6.8μm 범위인 소포제 조성물이 우수한 소포제 특성을 보였다. 묽은 수용액상에서 소포제의 표면장력은 농도가 10-2wt%에서 33~34 mN/m 범위였고, 고급 지방산 알코올을 사용한 소포제 조성물의 유화력이 우수하였다.

본 연구는 서로 다른 수명 패턴을 갖고 있는 누에성충 중 두가지 타입을 이용하여 수행되었다. 장명품종(성충 수명이 15일 이상, LLS), 단명 품종(성충 수명이 5일 미만, SLS). 누에성충의 노화 생리를 밝히기 위해 장단명 암수에 있어서의 지방체 미세구조를 비교해 보았다. 단명품종에 있어서는, 암컷에는 조면소포체 및 글리코겐 과립이 세포질내에서 다량 확인된 반면, 수컷에는 활면소포체만이 세포질내에서 발견되었다. 또한 단명품종에 있어서는, 성충 3일째 이후 미토콘드리아의 용적이 비대해지는 경향을 보였으며, 많은 지방구 퇴화가 관찰되었다. 단명품종에 반해 장명품종에서는, 성충 5일째의 암컷은 비교적 정상적인 미토콘드리아와 핵막이 관찰되었다. 성충 15일째에 이르러서야 대부분의 세포막이 사라졌고 미토콘드리아가 비정상적으로 비대해졌다. 장명품종 수컷(성충 10일째)의 세포질내에서 다량의 지방과립이 관찰되었으며, 이 개체는 성충 15일째에 세포내용물이 모두 고갈되어 사망하였다. 따라서, 금후 수명에 관한 조직 연구를 위해서는 조직의 변화상을 관찰하기 용이한 단명품종이 적절할 것으로 사료된다.

봄과 가을에 단기성 사료작물로 주로 재배되고 있는 귀리의 재배시기별 생육특성을 조사하기 위하여 중부지방인 수원에서 '96년부터 '98년까지 품종의 숙기군별 재배시기에 따른 생육특성 및 수량을 조사하였으며 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 출수기는 봄 재배에서는 조생종이 5월 20-26일, 중생종은 6월 5-6일 경에 출수하여 10-15일 정도 차이가 있었다.(중략)

The purpose of this study is to find the spatial factors, strucure of living and activity in traditional Korean house through the Phiysiological view, Spatial factors of the house are concerned to the interior environment and sanitary condition, The elements of respiratory, nerve, temperature sence. vision, hearing, smelling have good condition and touch, pressure sence, pain, metabolism are poor in the house, Ventilation, Lighting, pleasant condition of interior environment are concerned to the elements that mentioned above and have most important meaning in the relation rate of space as 1st factor. And 2nd factor is for metabolism, housework and rest, 3rd factor ie for temperature sence, privacy and reproduction. The relation rate of factors concering interior environment are high in the upper class house. Anbang has important meaning in the relation of living structure and relation sequence of space is anbang, Konnonbang, kitchen, toilet, water place, auxiliary buildings. The relation rate of activity is high in interior space in winter and exterior space in summer.

포도씨의 조지방질 함량을 분석한 결과 조지방질 함량은 평균 28.6%이었고, Steuben 품종이 32.0%로 가장 높았다. 지방산 조성은 리놀레인산 70.75%, 올레산 18.48%, 스테아르산 2.01%, 팔미트산 8.45%로 구성되어 있었으며 Jingyu 품종에서 스테아르산이 적었고, Fugiminori 품종은 올레산이 많았다. 중성지방질의 평균함량은 87.25%, 당지방질은 4.68%, 인지방질은 8.06%로 구성되었다. 조단백질 평균함량은 11.2%로 품종간의 차이를 나타냈으며, Neo muscat이 15.7%로 가장 높은 함량을 나타냈다. 총당은 2.35∼5.63㎍/㎎이었고 환원당 평균함량은 3.20㎍/㎎을 나타냈다. 포도씨 조지방질의 평균 검화가는 186.3㎎·KOH/g·oil이었고 Kyoho 품종이 230으로 가장 높았다. 포도씨 기름의 항산화력이 참깨보다 우수하여 DPPH 환원 능력은 평균 27%가 높았다. 그러나 180℃로 가열한 후의 포도씨와 참깨씨 조지방질들은 비슷한 산패도를 나타냈다.

냉동 검은밀복어 10개체를 반 해동상태에서 근육, 껍질, 간장 및 내장으로 분리하여 독성검사와 총지질량을 구하였고 TLC로 조성을 조사하였다. Silicic column chromatography에 의하여 간유로부터 중성지질, 인지질 및 당지질을 분리하였으며 중성지질중의 DHA 및 EPA함량을 gas chromatography로 분석하였다. 검은밀복어의 총지질 함량은 간장 29.34∼36.54, 내장 4.95∼6.11, 껍질 1.12∼1.60 및 근육 0.23∼0.38%로 나타났고, TLC 분석 결과 다양한 지질성분으로 구성되었다. 그 중에서 triglyceride가 가장 많았다. 지질 함량이 가장 높은 간장 부위의 총지질의 지방산은 주로 palmitic acid(16:0), palmitoleic acid(16:1), stearic acid(18:0), oleic acid(18:1), EPA(20:6) 및 DHA(22:1)이었다. 포화지방산에 대한 고도 불포화 지방산의 비율(0.84)은 높았고, DHA와 EPA의 함량은 각각 15.99와 3.04%였다. 간유 중의 중성지질 95.46, 당지질 1.45 및 인지질 3.09%의 함량인데, 이 중 가장 함량이 높은 것으로 나타난 중성지질을 분리하여 분석한 결과 주요 지방산은 palmitic acid(16:0), stearic acid(18:0), oleic acid(18:1), EPA(20:5) 및 DHA(22:6)로 나타났다. 그 중의 DHA와 EPA함량 비율은 각각 16.62와 2.41%로 나타났다. 한편, 간장내의 지질 추출 전과 후에 대한 독성치는 모두 무독한 것으로 판명되었다.

Phytic acid, making up 1-5% of the composition of many plant seeds and cereals, is known to form iron-chelates and inhibit lipid peroxidation. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), as an indication of lipid peroxidation, were measured in beef round, chicken breast, pork loin, and halibut muscle after the meats were stored for 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 days at various temperatures [frozen (-20℃), refrigerator (4℃), and room temperature (25℃)]. Phytic acid effectively inhibited lipid peroxidation in beef round, chicken breast, halibut, and pork loin muscle (p$lt;0.05). The inhibitory effect of phytic acid was dependent on concentration, storage time, and temperature. At frozen temperature, the inhibitory effect of phytic acid was minimal, whereas at room temperature, the inhibitory effect of phytic acid was maximal, probably due to the variation of the control TBARS values. At the concentration of 10 mM, phytic acid completely inhibited lipid peroxidation in all the muscle foods by maintaining TBARS values close to the level of the controls, regardless of storage time or temperature (p$lt;0.05). The rate of lipid peroxidation was the highest in beef round muscle, although they had a close TBARS value at 0 day. Addition of phytic acid to lipid-containing foods such as meats, fish meal pastes, and canned seafoods may prevent lipid peroxidation, resulting in improvement of the sensory quality of many foods and prolonged shelf-life.

Glycoside fatty acid esters were synthesized by lipase-catalyzed glycosylation of fatty acids with methyl glycoside in solvent and solvent free process. Optimum condition of solvent process using 2-methyl-2-propanol were : moral ratio of methyl glycoside to fatty acid 1:3: initial concentration of methyl glycoside 50g/l:enzyme(immodilized lipase Novozym 435 from Candidia antarctica) content 1%(w/v) : desiccant content 9%(w/v); reaction temperature 60℃: reaction time 10hrs. The yield of 99% was obtained. Solvent-free process was carried out in total absence of solvent at 70℃ under reduced pressure, 5-20mmHg. To give meximum yield of 99% at the optimum condition of molar ratio of methyl glycoside to fatty acid 1:3, enzyme content 10%(w/w), and reaction time 10hrs. The glycosylation reactivity of different glycosylation agents were sequent to Methyl-β-D-fructofuranoside. Methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside. Methyl-β-D-fructofuranosi de, and Methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside.

This study was designed to examine the effect of Ω-3 fatty acid, linlenic acid, EPA, DHA on serum lipid and cytokines of male rats(Sprague-Dawley). Animals of 3 groups were administrated perilla oil, salmoon oil, and tuna oil of 0.4 ml/day for 8 weeks respectively. These oils were used for a source of linolenic acid, EPA and DHA. Ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid decreases significantly body weight, serum PGE2 content and serum cytokines content of the rat, and increases internal organs weight, specially liver weight and serum HDL-cholesterol level of the rat. In the results, authors propose to use perilla oil for source of effective Ω-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acid(linolenic acid) to Prevent cardiovascular and immune diseases.

본연구는 전북에 소재한 3개 중소기업의 국제화 사례를 바탕으로 지방중소기업의 국제화과 정을 연구한 것이다. 조선이기, 한독엘리베이터, 아이본 등 3개 기업의 사장과 2-3시간에 걸쳐 수출과정, 해외직접투자과정, 국제화 애로사항 등을 심층 인터뷰한 결과를 바탕으로 지방중소기업의 국제화 특징과 문제점을 파악하여 국제화이론, 기업전략 및 지방정부의 정책방안에 대한 시사점을 도출하였다. 연구결과 지방중소기업들의 국제화 특징은 개인위주의 비체계적인 국제화, 생존차원에서 부족한 부분을 보완키 위한 국제화, 신속하고 유연한 국제화, 지방비용을 안고 국제화 등으로 요약할 수 있었다. 이에 따라 지방중소기업의 국제화는 순차적이고 점진적인 국제화과정을 상정한 웁살라모델보다는 혁신채택과정을 상정하는 국제화모델로 설명하는 것이 보다 타당하다는 시사점을 도출하였다. 또한 국제화과정에서 부딪치는 문제점을 해결하기 위해서는 최고경영자의 경험지식을 내부적으로 체계화하는 작업과 지속적인 학습이 필요하며. 산업화 기반을 확충하고 지역특화산업을 육성하고자 하는 지방정부의 노력이 더욱 요구된다는 점을 제시하였다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate selected nutrient intakes, dietary atherogenesity, energy balance and activity level of college students. One hundred and thirty one students (61 males and 70 females) made their three-day dietary records and one-day activity records along with one-day dietary records. BMI of the surveyed students was 22.33 for males and 20.28 for females. Average calorie intakes of male and female students was respectively 2166.20㎉ and 1793.60㎉. Females had slightly higher fiber intakes than males in terms of fiber g/1000㎉. Carbohyrate, protein and fat ratios in energy composition of males and females were respectively 56.62 : 15.33 : 24.70 and 57.64 : 16.49 : 25.79. Average cholesterol intakes of male and female students were 295.66㎎ and 259㎎ respectively. The male showed higher saturated fat intake, and had higher atherogenic indices of diets such as cholesterol index(CI) and cholesterol-saturated fat index(CSI) than the female. Males spent an average of 1039.00㎉/day compared to females of 687.93㎉/day for all physical activities. Most students participated in light(100% of males and females) and moderate(33% of males and 3% of females) activities level. Few students spent time at severe and very severe activity level. Seventeen of the 131 students were in positive energy balance whereas 83% were in negative balance. Both genders with positive energy balance tended towards smaller weight and BMI, and larger food intakes than those with negative energy balance. Students with positive energy balance had higher saturated fat intakes and dietary atherogenic scores of CI and CSI than the counterparts with negative energy balance. Males with positive energy balance had decreased physical activity and daily energy expenditure whereas increased food and saturated fat intakes. Females with positive energy balance had significantly increased food, saturated fat and sugar intakes.

As a result of the execution of the import liberalization and local autonomy with WTO system launching, centralized rural extension service converted to localized rural extension service. This advent of globalization and localization era affects our over all agricultural condition, moreover the duty and role of rural extension organization which take complete of rural extension, is compelled to diversified and specified technology. In this study, first we will investigate the change of agricultural, rural community, and local rural extension service in globalization and localization era. Second we will analyze the confronted problems of local rural extension service. With this study's outcome for basis, we will present new role and direction of local rural extension service which can contribute to local agricultural development.

All the triacylglycerols including the molecular species having δ5-unsaturated fatty acids from the seeds of Pinus Koraiensis, were split into a mixture of diacylglycerols by a Grignard reagent prepared with allyl bromide without arousing acyl chains of a glycerol moiety to migration, and were also easily partially hydrolyzed to diacylglycerols by pancreatic lipase. (S)-(+)-(1-naphthyl)ethyl urethane(NEU) derivatives of the diacylglycerol mixture derived from the triacylglycerols were fractionated into sn-1, 3-, sn-1, 2- and sn-2, 3-DG-NEU by silica-HPLC and the fatty acid composition of these fractions was analysed. C18:1Ω9 is distributed evenly in the three positions of TG with C18:2Ω6 mainly located in sn-2 position, while δ5-unsaturated fatty acids such as δ5.9-C18:2, δ5.9.12-C18:3 and δ5.11.14-C20:3 are exclusively present in the sn-3 position. These results could be confirmed by 13C-NMR spectroscopy : the signals at δ173.231 ppm and δ172.811 ppm of the carbonyl carbon of acyl moieties indicate the presence of saturated acids and/or C18:1Ω9 (oleic acid) in the α(α')- or β- positions, and C18:2Ω6 including C18:1Ω9 in the β-position, respectively. In addition, the resonance at δ173.044 ppm suggested a location of δ5-unsaturated fatty acid moiety in the α(α')-position.

According to economical status, under-nutrition and over-nutrition coexist in preschool children in Korea. Subjects consumed more than RDA in most nutrients, and children in of the upper income class tended to have more nutrients than those of the low income class. Especially in case of energy, protein, fat, vitamin B2, and P there were significant differences among the different classes. The mean calorie compositions of carbohydrates, protein and fat were 57~59: 16~17: 26~27 and fat calorie percentage was higher than quantity recommended for Korean adults. Energy, protein, Fe, vitamin A, B1 and C intakes were taken mostly from plant food sources. In the upper income class group, intakes of protein and vitamin B2 from animal food sources were higher than in any other income classes. Intakes of iron, vitamin A, B1 and C were largely provided by plant food group. Especially 44-45% of vitamin A were taken from vegetable and fruits group, which indicated that about 50% of vitamin A intake was the form of β-carotene. Also compared with other groups, in the upper income class group, the intakes of energy, protein, Ca, p, vitamin B1 and vitamin B2 from cereal and potatoes were significantly lower, and those of Ca and P from milks and meats, fishes & eggs were significantly higher(p〈0.05). The mean fat intake in all subjects was 38~43g/day. Regardless of income class, oleic acid(6.6~8.4g) and linoleic acid(6.7~8.1g) were the most abundant fatty acids contained in the diet. The upper class group consumed significantly more total saturated fatty acids and total monounsaturated fatty acids(p〈0.05). In polyunsaturated fatty acids, there were no differences between 3 different income classes, but intakes of total Ω6 fatty acids in the upper class tended to be higher and those of total o3 fatty acids in low class tended to be higher. Therefore, Ω6/Ω3 tended to be higher in the upper class group. Regardless of income classes, P/M/S and Ω6/Ω3 ratios in all subjects were 0.9~l.3/1.0~1.1/1.0 and 5.2~7.4/1.0, respectively and were in a desirable range. Cholesterol intake of subject was 184-218 mg/day, which was comparable to the value of Korean adult intake.