배경/목적: 담도암에서 플라스틱 스텐트 너비에 따른 스텐트 생존 차이에 대한 데이터는 부족하다. 이번 연구의 목적은 담도암에서 7-프렌치와 10-프렌치 플라스틱 스텐트의 생존 차이를 보고 어떤 인자가 개방성에 영향을 미치는지 확인하고자 한다. 방법: 2010년 1월부터 2014년 10월까지 연세대학교 원주세 브란스기독병원에서 담도암으로 담도가 막힌 환자들을 등록 하였다. 결과: 총 215명(7-프렌치:10-프렌치 = 89명:126명)의 환자 를 후향적으로 등록하였다. 암의 위치는 총담관(111명), 간문 부 담관(45명), 바터팽대부(59명)였다. 스텐트 이동이나 폐쇄는 두 군 간에 통계적 차이가 없었다. 중앙 스텐트 생존은 7-프렌치의 경우 3.3개월이었고 10-프렌치의 경우 5.9개월이었다 (p = 0.543). 플라스틱 스텐트 너비는 스텐트 생존에 영향을 미치지 않았다(Hazard Ratio: 1.11, 95% CI 0.71-1.73, p = 0.649). 결론: 담도암 치료에 있어 7-프렌치와 10-프렌치 플라스틱 스텐트는 스텐트 이동이나 폐쇄 차이가 없었고 스텐트 생존에 있어 7-프렌치 플라스틱 스텐트가 10-프렌치에 비해 열등하지 않았다

기후의 변화에 민감하게 영향을 받는 곤충들을 기후에 대한 지표 생물이라고 볼 수 있으며, 대표적인 분류군이나비류이다. 본 연구는 기 채집된 나비 날개의 길이와 채집된 지역, 시기별 평균온도와의 상관관계를 분석하는것이다. 1990-2016년까지 채집되어 표본을 소장한 서울여자대학교와 목포대학교의 나비표본 10종(긴꼬리제비나비,사향제비나비, 모시나비, 네발나비, 노랑나비, 배추흰나비, 줄흰나비, 대만흰나비, 작은주홍부전나비, 푸른부전나비),680개체에 대하여 앞, 뒷날개의 길이를 측정하였다. 평균온도와 나비 날개 길이는 월 단위로 평균 내어 분석하였다.분석 결과, 기온이 상승함에 따라 상대적으로 날개의 길이가 짧은 종(작은주홍부전나비)은 길이가 감소하였으나날개의 길이가 긴 종(작은주홍부전나비 외)은 길이가 증가하였다. 나비 날개와 평균온도에 관한 연구는 선례가적으므로, 본 결과가 나비의 기후변화 지표종으로의 가능성을 제고하고, 기후 변화 연구에 활용될 기초자료로제공될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

The organic light-emitting diodes are fabricated with six anthracene derivatives containing simple substituents such as phenyl or naphthyl group. The device structure is as in the following: Indium tin oxide (ITO) (180 nm)/4,4-4,4`,4``-tris[N-(1-naphthyl)-Nphenylamino] triphenylamine (2-TNATA) (30 nm)/4,4`-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenyl-1-amino] biphenyl (NPB) (20 nm)/Emitting compound (30 nm)/2,2′,2"- (1,3,5-Benzinetriyl)-tris (1-phenyl-1-H–benz-imidazole) TPBi (40 nm)/lithium quinolate (Liq) (2 nm)/Al (100 nm). In the emitting layer the anthracene derivatives are used without any dopant. All the six devices show blue emissions. Among the tested diodes, the one with 9-(2-naphthyl)-10-(p-tolyl) anthracene (2-NTA) exhibited luminous efficiency, power and external quantum efficiencies of 3.26 cd/A, 0.98 lm/A, 2.8 % at 20 mA/cm .

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of PM10 and O3 concentration on the symptoms of allergic diseases. The questionnaire was used to determine whether or not symptoms of allergic diseases were present from September to October 2012. The air pollution concentration data used was the corresponding point CEM (continuous emission monitoring) data. The average concentration of PM10 was 56.09 μg/m3 in the control area, and the concentration in the exposed area was 40.44 μg/m3. In the two areas, concentration of O3 was 28.73 ppb and 28.74 ppb, respectively. The total average concentrations of PM10 and O3 were 45.66 μg/m3 and 28.73 ppb in the Gwangyang area. The rate of asthma diagnosis was higher in the control area (9.6%) than in the exposed area (4.1%), but the rate of allergy eye disease was higher in the exposed area (23.9%) than in the control area (16.5%). There was a significant difference in the symptoms of some allergic diseases when the relative concentration of PM10 and O3 were high and low.

Senior citizens are reported to be highly sensitive to environmental pollutants, including fine particulate matter. The purpose of this study is to investigate the distributions of fine particulate matter concentrations in town halls and senior citizens’ halls, where senior citizens typically spend a lot of time. The results of this investigation will serve as fundamental data for conducting indoor air quality studies and establishing a regional environmental health policy governing senior citizens’ facilities in Yeongwol county in the future. From January 4 to February 1, 2017, PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in 170 seniors’ facilities located in Yeongwol county were measured. The average concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 that were measured from each seniors’ facility chosen from Yeongwol county were 25.1 ± 18.9 μg/m3and 12.5 ± 9.3 μg/m3 respectively. Average concentrations and the average of maximum concentrations were lower than the living space standard of 100 μg/m3 for PM10 and the atmospheric environment standard of 50 μg/m3 for PM2.5, which were set by the Ministry of Environment for populations vulnerable to environmental pollution. As a result of analyzing the sources in seniors’ facilities in Yeongwol county during the winter months, it was found that indoor sources of air pollution such as cooking is main sources rather than outdoor sources of air pollution.

Titanium alloys have high specific strength, excellent corrosion and wear resistance, as well as high heatresistant strength compared to conventional steel materials. As intermetallic compounds based on Ti, TiAl alloys are becoming increasingly popular in the aerospace field because these alloys have low density and high creep properties. In spite of those advantages, the low ductility at room temperature and difficult machining performance of TiAl and Ti3Al materials has limited their potential applications. Titanium powder can be used in such cases for weight and cost reduction. Herein, pre-forms of Ti-Al-xMn powder alloys are fabricated by compression forming. In this process, Ti powder is added to Al and Mn powders and compressed, and the resulting mixture is subjected to various sintering temperature and holding times. The density of the powder-sintered specimens is measured and evaluated by correlation with phase formation, Mn addition, Kirkendall void, etc. Strong Al-Mn reactions can restrain Kirkendall void formation in Ti-Al-xMn powder alloys and result in increased density of the powder alloys. The effect of Al-Mn reactions and microstructural changes as well as Mn addition on the high-temperature compression properties are also analyzed for the Ti-Al-xMn powder alloys.