기후의 변화에 민감하게 영향을 받는 곤충들을 기후에 대한 지표 생물이라고 볼 수 있으며, 대표적인 분류군이나비류이다. 본 연구는 기 채집된 나비 날개의 길이와 채집된 지역, 시기별 평균온도와의 상관관계를 분석하는것이다. 1990-2016년까지 채집되어 표본을 소장한 서울여자대학교와 목포대학교의 나비표본 10종(긴꼬리제비나비,사향제비나비, 모시나비, 네발나비, 노랑나비, 배추흰나비, 줄흰나비, 대만흰나비, 작은주홍부전나비, 푸른부전나비),680개체에 대하여 앞, 뒷날개의 길이를 측정하였다. 평균온도와 나비 날개 길이는 월 단위로 평균 내어 분석하였다.분석 결과, 기온이 상승함에 따라 상대적으로 날개의 길이가 짧은 종(작은주홍부전나비)은 길이가 감소하였으나날개의 길이가 긴 종(작은주홍부전나비 외)은 길이가 증가하였다. 나비 날개와 평균온도에 관한 연구는 선례가적으므로, 본 결과가 나비의 기후변화 지표종으로의 가능성을 제고하고, 기후 변화 연구에 활용될 기초자료로제공될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

The organic light-emitting diodes are fabricated with six anthracene derivatives containing simple substituents such as phenyl or naphthyl group. The device structure is as in the following: Indium tin oxide (ITO) (180 nm)/4,4-4,4`,4``-tris[N-(1-naphthyl)-Nphenylamino] triphenylamine (2-TNATA) (30 nm)/4,4`-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenyl-1-amino] biphenyl (NPB) (20 nm)/Emitting compound (30 nm)/2,2′,2"- (1,3,5-Benzinetriyl)-tris (1-phenyl-1-H–benz-imidazole) TPBi (40 nm)/lithium quinolate (Liq) (2 nm)/Al (100 nm). In the emitting layer the anthracene derivatives are used without any dopant. All the six devices show blue emissions. Among the tested diodes, the one with 9-(2-naphthyl)-10-(p-tolyl) anthracene (2-NTA) exhibited luminous efficiency, power and external quantum efficiencies of 3.26 cd/A, 0.98 lm/A, 2.8 % at 20 mA/cm .

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of PM10 and O3 concentration on the symptoms of allergic diseases. The questionnaire was used to determine whether or not symptoms of allergic diseases were present from September to October 2012. The air pollution concentration data used was the corresponding point CEM (continuous emission monitoring) data. The average concentration of PM10 was 56.09 μg/m3 in the control area, and the concentration in the exposed area was 40.44 μg/m3. In the two areas, concentration of O3 was 28.73 ppb and 28.74 ppb, respectively. The total average concentrations of PM10 and O3 were 45.66 μg/m3 and 28.73 ppb in the Gwangyang area. The rate of asthma diagnosis was higher in the control area (9.6%) than in the exposed area (4.1%), but the rate of allergy eye disease was higher in the exposed area (23.9%) than in the control area (16.5%). There was a significant difference in the symptoms of some allergic diseases when the relative concentration of PM10 and O3 were high and low.

Senior citizens are reported to be highly sensitive to environmental pollutants, including fine particulate matter. The purpose of this study is to investigate the distributions of fine particulate matter concentrations in town halls and senior citizens’ halls, where senior citizens typically spend a lot of time. The results of this investigation will serve as fundamental data for conducting indoor air quality studies and establishing a regional environmental health policy governing senior citizens’ facilities in Yeongwol county in the future. From January 4 to February 1, 2017, PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in 170 seniors’ facilities located in Yeongwol county were measured. The average concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 that were measured from each seniors’ facility chosen from Yeongwol county were 25.1 ± 18.9 μg/m3and 12.5 ± 9.3 μg/m3 respectively. Average concentrations and the average of maximum concentrations were lower than the living space standard of 100 μg/m3 for PM10 and the atmospheric environment standard of 50 μg/m3 for PM2.5, which were set by the Ministry of Environment for populations vulnerable to environmental pollution. As a result of analyzing the sources in seniors’ facilities in Yeongwol county during the winter months, it was found that indoor sources of air pollution such as cooking is main sources rather than outdoor sources of air pollution.

Titanium alloys have high specific strength, excellent corrosion and wear resistance, as well as high heatresistant strength compared to conventional steel materials. As intermetallic compounds based on Ti, TiAl alloys are becoming increasingly popular in the aerospace field because these alloys have low density and high creep properties. In spite of those advantages, the low ductility at room temperature and difficult machining performance of TiAl and Ti3Al materials has limited their potential applications. Titanium powder can be used in such cases for weight and cost reduction. Herein, pre-forms of Ti-Al-xMn powder alloys are fabricated by compression forming. In this process, Ti powder is added to Al and Mn powders and compressed, and the resulting mixture is subjected to various sintering temperature and holding times. The density of the powder-sintered specimens is measured and evaluated by correlation with phase formation, Mn addition, Kirkendall void, etc. Strong Al-Mn reactions can restrain Kirkendall void formation in Ti-Al-xMn powder alloys and result in increased density of the powder alloys. The effect of Al-Mn reactions and microstructural changes as well as Mn addition on the high-temperature compression properties are also analyzed for the Ti-Al-xMn powder alloys.

Colorectal cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality that accounts for over 9% of all incidences of cancer. Additionally, colorectal cancer is widely recognized as an environmental disease related to ill-defined cultural, social and lifestyle factors including physical activity, obesity, cigarette smoking and heavy alcohol consumption. Accordingly, natural phytochemicals and extracts have attracted attention because of their beneficial biological effects. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a common supplementary medicine applied to increase bioenergetic capacity in various diseases. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether CoQ10 treatment has any inhibitory effects and its related cellular mechanisms in human colon cancer HCT116 cells. A MTT assay revealed that CoQ10 slightly decreased the proliferation of HCT116 cells; however, glutathione- and superoxide dismutase- activity were unchanged in response to CoQ10 treatment. A DCF-DA assay revealed that CoQ10 slightly increased ROS release of HCT116 cells. However, in a nitric oxide (NO) assay, CoQ10 significantly increased NO production in a dose-dependent manner. The results of western blot analysis revealed that the protein levels of Bax, p21 and p53 were increased, whereas the protein level of Bcl2 was decreased suggesting that the CoQ10-mediated inhibitory mechanism is associated with apoptotic signaling. Taken together, our findings indicate that CoQ10 has an inhibitory effect on the growth of colon cancer cells via NO production that is associated with regulation of factors involved in apoptotic signaling including Bax, Bcl2, p21 and p53.

목적: 본 연구는 10대 청소년에서 비정시안의 굴절이상 변화를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 대상은 2007년부터 2016년까지 10년간 매년 안경원을 방문한 청소년(15세 ~ 19세) 212명의 굴절이상 변화를 추적 관찰하였다. 최초 방문 시 얻은 굴절이상 정도에 따라 대상을 Group1(0.00D ~ -3.00D), Group2(-3.25D ~ -6.00D), Group3(-6.25D 이상)으로 분류하 조사하였으며, 시간에 따른 굴절이상도 변화의 상관관계는 SPSS 20.0을 활용하여 분석하였다. 결과: 평균 굴절이상도 분석결과 Group1에서 -1.75± 0.75D , Group2는 -3.65± 1.45D, Group3은 –7.23± 1.24D로 나타났다. 10년간 근시의 연평균 증가량은 Group1에서 -0.38± 0.25D(r=0.912 , p<0.005), Group2는 -0.40± 0.33D(r=0.943 , p<0.005), Group3은 -0.45± 0.27D(r=0.988 , p<0.001)로 Group3에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 10년간 나이에 따른 굴절이상도의 변화 추이를 분석한 결과 최초 방문연령이 15세인 그룹은 매년 -0.55D, 16세는 -0.49D,17세는-0.46D, 18세는-0.41D, 19세는-0.33D씩 증가하였고, 15 세에서-0.55D(r=0.980, p<0.005)로 가장 큰 변화를 보였다. 결론: 10대 청소년 15세~19세 중 나이가 가장 어린 15세에서 굴절이상도가 가장 크게 증가하였다. 3 Group중 굴절이상도가 가장 높은 Group 3에서 굴절이상도가 가장 크게 증가 하였다. 10년간 전체 대상의 굴절이상도 추적관찰 결과 연령은 어릴수록, 근시도가 높을수록 굴절이상도가 증가하였다. 이에 굴절이상도와 굴절이상 발생 연령에 따른 시력저하 억제에 대한 추가적 연구가 필요할 것이다.

This research analyzedconsumer culture and usage of sugar in modern times based on 12 modern popular Korean cooking books with sugar recipes. Procedures were formed via textual analysis. The outcomes of the study can be summarized in brief statements. According to「Banchandeungsok」,「Booinpilj」, and「Chosunmoossangsinsikyorijebeob」, sugar was utilized in 34 out of 663 or 5.1% of cooked foods during the 1910s to 1920s. According to books such as 「Ganpyounchosunyorijebeob」,「Ililhwalyongsinyoungyangyoribeob」,「Chosun’s cooking of the four seasons」,「Halpaengyoungoo」, 「Chosunyorijebeob」, and 「Required reading for housewife」, sugar was added to 165 out of 998 or 16.5% of cooked foods during the 1930s. According to the books like「Chosunyorihak」,「Chosunyoribeob」, and「Woorieumsik」, sugar was an ingredient in 241 out of 756 or 31.9% of cooked foods during the 1940s. Sugar depicted within the 12 modern popular Korean cooking books primarily functioned as an alternative sweetener, starch, sweet enhancer, preservative, and seasoning. Similar to illustrated sugar from modern popular Korean cooking books, sugar has continually been favored by Korean cooks starting from the 1910s with 5.1% usage, the 1930s with 16.5% usage, and the 1940s with 31.9% usage. Despite its short history, sugar’s culinary importance in Korea has been on the rise ever since the early 1900s. Although sugar is an exotic spice in Korea, it has gained social, cultural, and symbolic recognition as well as practicality within Korean food culture. Thus, it has become more internalized and familiarized as an inseparable sweetness that characterizes current Korean food.

광주비엔날레는 광주 민주화 운동으로 인한 도시의 상처를 문화적으로 치유한다는 명분을 내 세우며 1995년 국내 첫 비엔날레로 창설됐다. 광주비엔날레의 지역성은 5ㆍ18 민주화운동에 상당 부분 기대고 있으며, 주최측은 이를 ‘광주정신’이라고 표현해 왔다. 초창기엔 본전시에 민중미술 작 품을 출품하는 것으로 지역성을 드러냈으며, ‘지역’의 범위는 광주에서 한국, 재외 교포, 아시아 등 으로 점차 확장됐다. 2010년의 제8회 《만인보》에서는 5ㆍ18과 직접적 연관성이 없는 작품들만으 로 전시를 꾸렸다. 본논문은 《만인보》가 캄보디아 폴포트 정권의 양민 학살 관련 사진, 중국 ‘수조 원’ 등 지구상 ‘또다른 광주’들을 전시장에 소환함으로써 광주의 지역성을 오히려 강화, 지역성 구 현의 전환점을 이루었음을 밝혔다.

표고 톱밥재배용 우량 품종을 육성하기 위해 생산성 높고 품질이 우수한 산조701호와 수집균주 FMRI1132 를 모균주로 선발하였다. 이들 모균주들로부터 수집된 담자포자를 발아시켜 모균주별로 20개씩 단핵균주를 선발하여 400개 교배조합을 실시하였다. 이들 중 60개 교배균주를 선발하고 톱밥재배 자실체 특성검정을 통해 생산성 및 형태적 특성이 우수한 균주를 최종 선발하여 산조710호라 명명하였다. 산조710호의 균사생장 적온은 25°C, 버섯 발생온도 범위는 12~25°C로 중고온성이며, 버섯발생 및 생육은 18~23°C 내외에서 가장 좋았다. 갓형태는 평반구형이며 버섯의 육질이 단단하고 모균주인 산조701호에 비해 배양숙성 기간이 30일 이상 짧아 버섯발생이 빠른 품종으로 판단되었다. 갓두께는 20.3mm로 두꺼우며 갓직경과 대길 이를 비교한 갓/대길이 비율은 2.3으로 갓에 비해 대가 짧은 형태적으로 우수한 특성을 보였다. 대길이는 30.4mm, 대굵기 12.9mm, 개체중이 20.1g으로 비교적 중형 또는 중소형의 자실체 특성을 나타내었다.

Cylindrical steel shell sections have been applied in various engineering fields particularly in recent installations of wind turbine towers. Hence, many researchers are interested in studying cylindrical steel shell structures. However, studies on the effect of the presence or absence of openings are insufficient. Thus, the design criteria for the opening as well as the behavior of wind turbine tower are not clearly presented. Therefore, this study examines the ultimate strength and the behavior of wind tower in consideration of openings, presence of stiffeners, changes in opening width, and thickness variation of stiffeners. ABAQUS, a universal finite element analysis program, was used in to conduct this research. Finally, the results of this study can be a reference for the design and production of wind towers with openings.

The characteristics of PM10 generation by subway operation such as acceleration, constant velocity, deceleration or stoppage were measured in real time to study its causes. For measurement positions, the lower center point on the front side of the Tc1-car was selected to observe the re- suspension caused by train draft, and behind the M2-car wheel and the T1-car wheel were selected observe the abrasion loss from friction generation during cabin operation. The measurement results showed that the PM10 generation is increased by train draft was 5.6% in the constant velocity section and 1.45% in the acceleration/deceleration sections. The increase by adhesiveness for cabin acceleration/deceleration was 9.6%, while the increase caused by friction from motor operation and steering was 5.1%. On the other hand, the amount of PM10 flowing into the station when a cabin was stopped at a station was 136% of normal condition and this might be the key reason of PM10 pollution in a subway tunnels since most pollution is accumulated there.