We present the detection characteristics of nitrogen monoxide(NO) gas using p-type copper oxide(CuO) thin film gas sensors. The CuO thin films were fabricated on glass substrates by a sol-gel spin coating method using copper acetate hydrate and diethanolamine as precursors. Structural characterizations revealed that we prepared the pure CuO thin films having a monoclinic crystalline structure without any obvious formation of secondary phase. It was found from the NO gas sensin measurements that the p-type CuO thin film gas sensors exhibited a maximum sensitivity to NO gas in dry air at an operating temperature as low as 100 oC. Additionally, these CuO thin film gas sensors were found to show reversible and reliable electrical response to NO gas in a range of operating temperatures from 60 oC to 200 oC. It is supposed from these results that the ptype oxide semiconductor CuO thin film could have significant potential for use in future gas sensors and other oxide electronics applications using oxide p-n heterojunction structures.

생분해성 고분자인 셀룰로오스 아세테이트(CA)를 매트릭스로 용액 중합된 HCl이 50% 정도 도핑된 PAni를 첨가하여 도전성 PCA 복합 필름을 제조하여 기계적, 전기적 특성 및 표면 morphology를 고찰하였다. PCA 복합 필름의 인장강도는 PAni 함유량 5 wt% 인 경우 순수 CA 필름(377.1 kgf/cm2)에 비해 27% 정도 감소된 275.2 kgf/cm2를 나타내었으며, 신율도 7.65%에서 4.35% 정도로 감소하였다. 표 면저항은 PAni의 함량에 따라 감소하였으며, PAni 함유량이 5 wt%인 PCA05의 경우 7.0x109 Ω/sq로 정전기 방지용 필름으로 사용이 가능할 정도였다. 표면 정전기량의 소멸 속도도 PAni 함량에 따라 비례 하여 빨라짐을 확인하였다. PCA 복합 필름의 열적 안정성은 PAni 함량이 늘어남에 따라 분해온도가 낮 아졌으며, 최종 재(char)의 함량은 PAni의 함량에 비례하였다. 최종 재의 함량을 이용하여 미지의 PCA 복합 필름 중의 PAni의 분율을 계산할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Aluminum nitride, a compound semiconductor, has a Wurtzite structure; good material properties such as high thermal conductivity, great electric conductivity, high dielectric breakdown strength, a wide energy band gap (6.2eV), a fast elastic wave speed; and excellent in thermal and chemical stability. Furthermore, the thermal expansion coefficient of the aluminum nitride is similar to those of Si and GaAs. Due to these characteristics, aluminum nitride can be applied to electric packaging components, dielectric materials, SAW (surface acoustic wave) devices, and photoelectric devices. In this study, we surveyed the crystallization and preferred orientation of AlN thin films with an X-ray diffractometer. To fabricate the AlN thin film, we used the magnetron sputtering method with N2, NH3 and Ar. According to an increase in the partial pressures of N2 and NH3, Al was nitrified and deposited onto a substrate in a molecular form. When AlN was fabricated with N2, it showed a c-axis orientation and tended toward a high orientation with an increase in the temperature. On the other hand, when AlN was fabricated with NH3, it showed a-axis orientation. This result is coincident with the proposed mechanism. We fabricated AlN thin films with an a-axis orientation by controlling the sputtering electric power, NH3 pressure, deposition speed, and substrate temperature. According to the proposed mechanism, we also fabricated AlN thin films which demonstrated high aaxis and c-axis orientations.

본 논문에서는 헤테로 애피택시(heteroepitaxy) 박막의 표면확산계수를 국부적으로 제어하여 표면에서 형성되는 나노구조물이 정렬되는 과정을 수치해석적으로 연구하였다. 격자 불일치 물질계(lattice-mismatched materials system)의 탄성변형에너지와 표면자유에너지, 그리고 습윤에너지를 고려하여 박막의 변형거동에 대한 지배방정식을 도출하였으며, 확산계수의 활성화 조건이 성장에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 해석결과는 주기함수 형식으로 표면확산계수를 제어하면 표면구조물이 배열형태로 정렬됨을 나타내며, 이는 노광 및 식각 과정을 거쳐야 하는 포토리소그래피(photolithography)로부터 탈피한 바텀업(bottom-up) 방식의 공정방법에 규칙성을 부여하여 차세대 나노기기의 개발에 일조할 것으로 기대된다.

The oxide films formed on etched aluminum foils play an important role as dielectric layers in aluminum electrolytic capacitors. Y2O3-doped ZrO2 (YZ) films were coated on the etched aluminum foils by sol-gel dip coating, and the electrical properties of YZ-coated Al foils were characterized. YZ films annealed at 450 oC were crystallized into a cubic phase, and as the Y2O3 doping content increased, the unit cell of ZrO2 expanded and the grain size decreased. The etch pits of Al foils were filled by YZ sol when it dried at atmospheric pressure after repeating for several times, but this step could essentially be avoided when being dried in a vacuum. YZ-coated foils indicated that the specific capacitance and dissipation factor were 2-2.5 μF/cm2 and 2-4 at 1 kHz, respectively, and the leakage current and withstanding voltage of films approximately 200 nm thick were 5 × 10−4A at 21 V and 22 V, respectively. After being anodized at 500 V, the foils exhibited a specific capacitance and dissipation factor of 0.6-0.7 μF/cm2 and 0.1-0.2, respectively, at 1 kHz, while the leakage current and withstanding voltage were 2 × 10−4 - 3 × 10−5 A at 400 V and 420-450 V, respectively. This suggests that YZ film is a promising dielectric that can be used in high voltage Al electrolytic capacitors.

소형 비닐하우스에 2종류의 기능성 필름과 관행의 PE 필름을 피복하고 청치마, 적치마, 치커리 등 3종의 엽채류를 재배하여 기능성필름의 특성을 검토하였다. 2종류의 기능성 필름은 PO(polyorefine)계수지로 만들어졌으며, 엽채류는 흙과 펄라이트를 혼합한 배지에서 육묘하였다. 필름의 광학적 특성에 있어서 기능성 필름은 관행의 PE 필름과 비교하여 광합성 유효광(400-700nm)의 투과율이 높고 자외선(300-400nm)의 흡수율이 높았다. 피복 3개월 후의 광합성 유효광 투과율의 감소 수준은 기능성필름이 PE필름보다 작았다. 이 같은 요인으로 인해 엽채류의 생육과 수량이 기능성 필름을 피복한 하우스에서 높았다.

목 적: 본 연구는 SnO2를 모체로 하는 투명전도성 박막을 제조하기 위하여, 가용성 염인 Sn-Chloride와 H3PO4를 출발물질로 사용하였으며, 졸-겔법으로 박막을 제조하여 특성평가를 연구함이다. 방 법: Spin coating기를 이용하여 코팅용액을 기판에 떨어뜨린 후 공기분위기에서 2000 rpm으로 10초간 기판을 회전하여 박막을 도포하며, 500℃로 10분간 열처리하여 P-doped SnO2 박막을 제조하였다. 결 과: 박막의 표면에는 코팅 횟수가 5회, 10회의 경우에는 기공이나 크랙이 나타나지 않았으나 15회 및 20회로 증가함에 따라 미세한 기공들이 관찰되었다. 가시영역에서의 투과율은 5회 및 10회 코팅한 박막의 경우 약 85~90%을 나타내고 있으나, 코팅횟수가 15회 및 20회로 증가함에 따라 박막의 투과율은 80% 이하로 급격히 감소하였다. 4-probe법을 이용한 전기저항은 박막의 코팅횟수가 10회일 경우에 2.7×10-4Ω·cm-1이었으며, 코팅회수가 15회 및 20회로 증가함에 따라 9.8×10-3Ω?cm-1 및 8.3×10-2Ω·cm-1으로 박막의 저항값은 급격히 증가하였다. 결 론: 10회 코팅한 박막의 가시영역에서의 투과율은 85~90%로 매우 높았으며, 저항 값은 2.7×10-4Ω?cm-1로 투명 전도막으로 사용하기에 충분한 특성을 나타냈다.

목 적: 곡률이 없는 고 굴절률 안경렌즈위에 발수 막을 코팅하여 발수 막의 성분과 특성에 관한 연구를 하였다. 방 법: 전자빔 증착 장치를 이용하여 곡률이 없는 고 굴절률 안경렌즈위에 발수 막을 5 nm, 10 nm, 20nm, 30 nm, 40 nm로 두께로 코팅하였다. 발수 막의 성분을 관찰하기 위해 ATR-FTIR 장비를 사용하였고, 분광 타원 법을 이용하여 발수 막의 굴절률과 두께를 측정하였다. 또한 발수 발유 성을 알기위해 물과 CH2I2 를 사용하여 접촉각을 구했으며, 비부착성을 알기위해 마찰계수를 구했다. 결 과: FTIR 측정 장치를 이용하여 발수 막의 성분을 관찰한 결과, 유기불소를 포함한 유기화합물이라는 알 수 있었다. 그리고 분광 타원 법에 의한 계산한 발수 막의 굴절률은 d선인 587.56 nm에서 1.6026이며 아베수 49이었다. 물에 대한 접촉각은 발수코팅을 안한 고 굴절률렌즈 표면에서 78.1°이고 발수 코팅 막의 두께가 20 nm일 때 109.9°이며, 그 이후 두께가 두꺼워짐에 따라 조금씩 증가한다. CH2I2에 대한 접촉각은 코팅을 안 한 고 굴절률렌즈 표면에서 34.1°이고 코팅 막의 두께가 20 nm에서 93.7°이며, 그 이후 코팅 막의 두께가 커짐에 따라 접촉각이 포화되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 발수 막의 마찰계수는 코팅을 안한 고 굴절률렌즈 표면에서는 0.410이고 코팅 막의 두께가 5 nm에서 0.626으로 커진 후, 두께가 두꺼워짐에 따라 점점 작아져 40 nm에서 0.167이었다. 결 론: 고 굴절률렌즈위에 코팅한 발수 막은 유기불소를 포함한 유기화합물이며, 굴절률은 1.6026이었다. 발수 발유 접촉각은 코팅막이 20 nm일 때 각각 109.9°과 93.7°이며, 발수 막의 동마찰계수는 코팅막의 두께가 40 nm에서 0.167이었다.

연구는 지난 10년간 해외로 수출된 한국영화의 특성별(수출지역, 영화장르, 판권유형) 현황을 파악하고, 이를 바탕으로 해외수출영화의 위치화를 실시함으로써 한국영화산업에 실무적인 함의를 시사하는데 그 목적이 있다. 분석을 위해 영화진흥위원회에서 조사된 한국영화 해외통계 자료를 사용하였으며, 2004년 부터 2013년 동안 해외로 수출된 한국영화 총 626편을 수집하였다. 수출지역에 따라 영화장르와 판권유 형이 다를 수 있다는 연구문제 하에, 해외수출영화의 ‘수출지역’, ‘영화장르’, ‘판권유형’의 3개 변수가 포함 되었다. 대응일치분석을 통해 ‘수출지역’과 ‘영화장르’, ‘수출지역’과 ‘판권유형’ 간의 공간적 위치화를 실시 한 결과, 해외수출영화의 특성별 공간적 위치의 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 실제 데이터에 의한 실증적 분석을 통해 한국영화의 해외수출시장에 대한 이해를 넓히고, 해외수출전략 수립단계에서 실질적 인 도움이 되는 시사점을 제공하는데 의의를 가진다.

Amorphous (a-Si) films were epitaxially crystallized on a very thin large-grained poly-Si seed layer by a silicide-enhanced rapid thermal annealing (SERTA) process. The poly-Si seed layer contained a small amount of nickel silicide whichcan enhance crystallization of the upper layer of the a-Si film at lower temperature. A 5-nm thick poly-Si seed layer was thenprepared by the crystallization of an a-Si film using the vapor-induced crystallization process in a NiCl2 environment. Afterremoving surface oxide on the seed layer, a 45-nm thick a-Si film was deposited on the poly-Si seed layer by hot-wire chemicalvapor deposition at 200oC. The epitaxial crystallization of the top a-Si layer was performed by the rapid thermal annealing(RTA) process at 730oC for 5 min in Ar as an ambient atmosphere. Considering the needle-like grains as well as thecrystallization temperature of the top layer as produced by the SERTA process, it was thought that the top a-Si layer wasepitaxially crystallized with the help of NiSi2 precipitates that originated from the poly-Si seed layer. The crystallinity of theSERTA processed poly-Si thin films was better than the other crystallization process, due to the high-temperature RTA process.The Ni concentration in the poly-Si film fabricated by the SERTA process was reduced to 1×1018cm−3. The maximum field-effect mobility and substrate swing of the p-channel poly-Si thin-film transistors (TFTs) using the poly-Si film prepared by theSERTA process were 85cm2/V·s and 1.23V/decade at Vds=−3V, respectively. The off current was little increased underreverse bias from 1.0×10−11 A. Our results showed that the SERTA process is a promising technology for high quality poly-Si film, which enables the fabrication of high mobility TFTs. In addition, it is expected that poly-Si TFTs with low leakagecurrent can be fabricated with more precise experiments.

포화지방산(C12, C14, C16, C18) 단분자층 LB막의 전기화학적 특성을 통하여 그 안정성을 순환전압전류법으로 조사하였다. 포화지방산 단분자층 LB막은 ITO glass에 LB법을 사용하여 제막하였 다. 전기화학적 특성은 0.1 N NaClO4 용액에서 3 전극 시스템으로 순환전압전류법에 의해 측정하였다. 측정범위는 연속적으로 1650 mV로 산화시키고, 초기 전위인 -1350 mV로 환원시켰다. 주사속도는 각 각 50, 100, 150, 200 및 250 mV/s로 설정하였다. 그 결과 포화지방산 LB막은 순환전압전류곡선으로 부터 산화전류로 인한 비가역공정으로 나타났다. 포화지방산 LB막의 확산계수(D)를 산출한 결과 각각 라우르산, 2.223x10-3 cm2/s, 미리스트산, 2.461x10-4 cm2/s, 팔미트산, 7.114x10-4 cm2/s 및 스테아르 산, 2.371x10-4을 얻었다.

본 연구는 수용자들이 다양성영화를 이용하는 동기가 무엇인지를 이용과 충족 이론을 적 용하여 탐색하고 다양성영화의 지속관람에 미치는 영향력을 검증하였다. 내용과 추구 가치의 차이로 인해 다양성영화와 상업영화에 대한 수용자들의 관람동기 유형과 영향력도 다 를 것이라는 논리 하에 두 영화의 관람동기의 유형과 지속관람에 영향을 미치는 요인을 비교 분석하였다. 분석결과, 다양성영화와 상업영화 모두에 대해 유사한 문항과 설명력 수준으로 구성된 총 5개의 관람동기들을(지식추구, 영화학습, 기분전환, 감상지향, 사회규범추구) 추출 하였다. 그러나 각 영화 유형에 따라 지속관람의도에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 관람동기의 유 형 및 영향력 측면에서는 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다. 다양성영화의 경우에는 지식추구, 감상지향, 기분전환 요인의 순서로 유의미한 반면, 상업영화의 경우에는 기분전환, 감상지향, 사회규범 추구 요인의 순서로 유의미하였다

Metal films (i.e., Ti, Al and SUH310S) were prepared in a magnetron sputtering apparatus, and their cross-sectional structures were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The apparatus used consisted of a cylindrical metal target which was electrically grounded, and two anode rings attached to the top and to the bottom of the target. A wire was placed along the center-line of the cylindrical target to provide a substrate. When the electrical potential of the substrate was varied, the metal-film formation rate depended on both the discharge voltage and the electrical potential of the substrate. As we made the magnetic field stronger, the plasma which appeared near the target collected on the plasma wall surface and thereby decreased the bias current. The bias current on the conducting wire was different from that for cation collection. The bias current decreased because the collection of cations decreased when we increased the magnetic-coil current. When the substrate was electrically isolated, the films deposited showed a slightly coarse columnar structure with thin voids between adjacent columns. In contrast, in the case of the grounded substrate, the deposited film did not show any clear columns but instead, showed a densely-packed granular structure. No peeling region was observed between the film and substrate, indicating good adhesion.

The author invites attendees of the Special Session on Film Making for Marketing Research and Communication to have a critical look at the short history of film making in the marketing discipline and foresee its future. There are two perspectives for this discussion: one is a broad overview of film making for consumer behavior research, and the second is the personal reflection of the author who first engaged in film making nine years ago. Film making as a research approach in the academic areas of marketing and consumer behavior is just beginning its early “teenage” years. It counts its formal age from the time it obtained legitimacy when the first Film Festival took place at the Association for Consumer Research Conference in Atlanta, USA, in 2002. Since then, the Film Festival has become an integral part of this major conference that draws together a global academic audience of consumer researchers. In fact, film festivals are now included in the European, Asia-Pacific, and Latin American ACR conferences, and as of 2012, there were more than 125 films accepted into the various ACR Film Festivals (Belk and Kozinets 2012). The current number of accepted films probably exceeds 150, which demonstrates growing interest in film making in the academic discipline of marketing. Russell W. Belk and Robert V. Kozinets,“founding fathers” of the ACR Film Festivals have become instrumental in developing guidance and academic criteria for the novel research approach of videography. Films are expected to be topical, theatrical, theoretical, and technical. That means that 1) the topic under visual investigation should relate to consumer research; 2) the film should flow in a dramatic and engaging way; 3) a theoretical perspective and contribution should be evident; and 4) the film should have good production values (Belk and Kozinets 2012). The author, who started making films without prior expertise after attending a workshop, has since produced four videographies of various lengths and levels of mastery. They have been presented at conferences globally, one was published in a special multi-media issue of an academic journal, two have earned academic awards, and all of them have found use in the classroom. Topic-wise, the films related to consumer research by exploring happiness (“Finding Harmony in the Jungle”), the role of narratives on food product packaging (“It All Began with a Kiss, or When Packaging Sells a Country”), the transformational power of street language (“Red Bull on the Roof of the World or From Landscape into Servicescape”), and the Easternization of the West (“Yoga and Fashion”). The videographies were filmed in Belize, Italy, England, Indonesia (Bali) and China (Tibet). The film making process for the author has been rewarding because of the creative potential that comes with videography and the use of visual channels of communication for academic purposes. Challenges include making sure the films have the necessary rigor to qualify as academic work.

Flexible BaTiO3 films as dielectric materials for high energy density capacitors were deposited on polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) substrates by r.f. magnetron sputtering. The growth behavior, microstructure and electrical properties of theflexible BaTiO3 films were dependent on the sputtering pressure during sputtering. The RMS roughness and crystallite size ofthe BaTiO3 increased with increasing sputtering pressure. All BaTiO3 films had an amorphous structure, regardless of thesputtering pressures, due to the low PET substrate temperature. The composition of films showed an atomic ratio (Ba:Ti:O)of 0.9:1.1:3. The electrical properties of the BaTiO3 films were affected by the microstructure and roughness. The BaTiO3 filmsprepared at 100mTorr exhibited a dielectric constant of ~80 at 1kHz and a leakage current of 10−8A at 400kV/cm. Also, filmsshowed polarization of 8µC/cm2 at 100kV/cm and remnant polarization (Pr) of 2µC/cm2. This suggests that sputter depositedflexible BaTiO3 films are a promising dielectric that can be used in high energy density capacitors owing to their high dielectricconstant, low leakage current and stable preparation by sputtering.

Metallic Cr film coatings of 1.2μm thickness were prepared by DC magnetron sputter deposition method on c-plane sapphire substrates. The thin Cr films were ammoniated during horizontal furnace thermal annealing for 10-240 min in NH3 gas flow conditions between 400 and 900˚C. After annealing, changes in the crystal phase and chemical constituents of the films were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) surface analysis. Nitridation of the metallic Cr films begins at 500˚C and with further increases in annealing temperature not only chromium nitrides (Cr2N and CrN) but also chromium oxide (Cr2O3) was detected. The oxygen in the films originated from contamination during the film formation. With further increase of temperature above 800˚C, the nitrogen species were sufficiently supplied to the film's surface and transformed to the single-phase of CrN. However, the CrN phase was only available in a very small process window owing to the oxygen contamination during the sputter deposition. From the XPS analysis, the atomic concentration of oxygen in the as-deposited film was about 40 at% and decreased to the value of 15 at% with increase in annealing temperature up to 900˚C, while the nitrogen concentration was increased to 42 at%.

We report the effect of the fabric of the surface microstructure on the CO gas sensing properties of SnO2 thin films deposited on self-assembled Au nanodots (SnO2/Au) that were formed on SiO2/Si substrates. We characterized structural and morphological properties, comparing them to those of SnO2 thin films deposited directly onto SiO2/Si substrates. We observed a significant enhancement of CO gas sensing properties in the SnO2/Au gas sensors, specifically exhibiting a high maximum response at 200˚C and quite a low detection limit of 1 ppm level in dry air. In particular, the response of the SnO2/Au gas sensor was found to reach the maximum value of 32.5 at 200˚C, which is roughly 27 times higher than the response (~1.2) of the SnO2 gas sensor obtained at the same operating temperature of 200˚C. Furthermore, the SnO2/Au gas sensors displayed very fast response and recovery behaviors. The observed enhancement in the CO gas sensing properties of the SnO2/Au sensors is mainly ascribed to the formation of a nanostructured morphology in the active SnO2 layer having a high specific surface-reaction area by the insertion of a nanodot form of Au nucleation layer.

To realize high-performance thin film solar cells, we prepared CIGS by the co-evaporation technique on both sodalime and Corning glass substrates. The structural and efficient properties were investigated by varying the thickness of the Mo:Na layer, where the total thickness of the back contact was fixed at 1μm. As a result, when the Mo:Na thickness was 300 nm on soda-lime glass, the measured Na content was 0.28 %, the surface morphology was a plate-like compact structure, and the crystallinity by XRD showed a strong peak of (112) preferential orientation together with relatively intense (220) and (204) peaks as the secondary phases influenced crystal formation. In addition, the substrates on soda-lime glass effected the lowest surface roughness of 2.76 nm and the highest carrier density and short circuit current. Through the optimization of the Mo:Na layer, a solar conversion efficiency of 11.34% was achieved. When using the Corning glass, a rather low conversion efficiency of 9.59% was obtained. To determine the effects of the concentration of sodium and in order to develop a highefficiency solar cells, a very small amount of sodium was added to the soda lime glass substrate.

‘후지’ 사과의 MA 저장성 향상을 위해 저장 온도별로 적합한 비천공 breathable 필름 종류를 구명하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 저장중 생체중 감소율은 모든 저장 온도의 비천공 breathable 필름 처리구에서 저장 최종일까지 약 2.0% 이하를 나타냈다. 포장내 대기조성으로 볼 때 1oC에서 1,300cc 필름, 8oC에서 5,000cc 필름, 그리고 20oC에서 10,000cc 필름이 최적 MA 조건에 가장 근접하였다. 저장 중 포장내 에틸렌 농도는 모든 저장온도에서 산소 투과도가 가장 높았던 40,000cc 필름 처리구가 낮게 유지되었다. 저장 최종일의 1oC 1,300cc 필름이 당도, 비타민 C 함량, 그리고 외관 품질이 우수하였 고, 8oC 5,000cc 필름이 당도와 이취 정도가 양호하였으며, 그리고 20oC 10,000cc 필름이 경도와 외관상 품질이 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로 포장내 대기조성과 과실의 내외적 품질을 비교한 결과 ‘후지’ 사과의 MA 저장시 1oC는 1,300cc 필름, 8oC는 5,000cc 필름, 그리고 20oC에서는 10,000cc 필름이 적합하다고 판단된다.