Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the green tea dasik varying the added value of oligosaccharide were investigated and the products were surveyed by elementary school students regarding the acceptability. Protein and ash contents were significantly higher and fat contents were significanlty lower in the samples with oligosaccharides compared to those in commercial ones(p<0.05). Commercial samples had significantly higher values in all of the textural characteristics using textural analyzer compared to those of the developed dasik sample groups. In analytical sensory evaluation, varying the amount of oligosaccharide, commercial samples had significantly higher values of sweetness, hardness, and cohesiveness and lower values of savory aroma and falvor compared to those of developed dasik(p<0.05). Savory aroma and flavor were highly negatively correlated with textural hardness, springiness, chewiness, gumminess, and cohesiveness(p<0.01), while sensory sweetness and hardness were significantly positively correlated with textural springiness(p<0.05), chewiness, gumminess, and cohesiveness(p<0.01). When surveying elementary school students regarding the acceptability of green tea dasik and commercial samples, green tea dasik 2 was the most preferred with significance in color. Regarding aroma, green tea dasik 1 received the highest acceptability (p<0.05). In the flavor, both dasik 1 and 2 received higher score than those of the commercial dasik. In overall acceptability, both green tea dasik 1 and 2 were preferred to the commercially sold ones with significance(p<0.05).

Quality characteristics of dasik were studied with varied the levels of rice grain particle size and green tea powder and compared them with commercially sold dasik. Among the samples with the same number of grinding times, the sample groups with the higher amount of green tea showed significantly the less mosture content(p<0.05). Hardness was higher in the samples containing higher amount of green tea among the ones with the same grain size (p<0.05). The M13G0.5 was evaluated to have the highest savory aroma with significance (p<0.05), and C1 to have the highest sweetness by sensory analysis. The developed dasik samples with lower rice grain particle size had significantly lower adhesiveness, chewiness, gumminess, and cohesiveness compared to those of commercial sample groups. In sensory tests, the compared groups showed significantly the higher savory aroma and flavor and very lower hardness when compared to those of commercial sample groups. With the results above, dasik with with varied the levels of rice grain particle size and green tea powder were developed with improved qualities compared to those of commercially sold dasik.

To assess the environmental risks of transgenic chili pepper with PepEST gene on non-target organisms before it exposes to the agro-ecosystem environments, we conducted the three sets of green peach aphids (Myzus persicae S.) life table experiment under laboratory conditions (Temp. 25℃, R.H. 50-70%, Photoperiod L16 : D8) in series during 2005-2006. We measured the net reproductive rate (R₀)*, the intrinsic rate of increase (r<SUB>m</SUB>), the mean generation time (T<SUB>c</SUB>), fecundity*, life span, and reproduction period between non-transgenic chili peppers and transgenic chili peppers, respectively. The life span of green peach aphids from three sets was 31, 27, 25 days, and the period of life span was similar to the general average length of green peach aphids, 25-29 days. Although the first reproduction of transgenic pepper was similar to the non transgenic pepper (P＞0.05), the fecundity and the net reproductive rate (R<SUB>o</SUB>) by using Jackknife method of transgenic pepper were lower than those of non transgenic pepper (P＜0.05). Conclusively, we observed the adverse effect from our results but we should execute further experiments to confirm the results at the fields with the similar way.

관수량 조절을 통한 수분 스트레스 처리가 토마토 과실의 착색불량과실의 발생에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 관행 처리(-15 kPa)에서는 착색불량과실의 발생률이 26.4%였으나 관수량을 줄인 -30 kpa 처리구에서 12.5%로 50%이상 감소하였다. 과실의 전체 칼리 함량은 정상과실과 착색불량과실 간에 차이가 없었지만, 착색불량과실의 경우 적색인 상단부위에 비해 녹색인 하단부위 과육에서 25% 많았다. 전반적으로 착과 후 시기가 경과할수록 가용성 당 함량은 증가하고 전분함량은 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 그러나 착색불량과 실의 녹색인 하단부위 과육에서는 수확시기가 경과하여도 전분 함량에는 차이가 없었다. Sucrose phosphate synthase 활성은 착색불량과실에 비해서 정상 과실의 과육에서 높은 경향을 보였고 과육의 부위별 활성 차이도 적었다. Invertase의 활성은 정상과실에서는 상단부위와 하단부위 과육 간에 활성 차이가 없었지만, 착색불량과실에서는 적색인 상단부위에서는 높은 활성을 보인 반면 녹색인 하단부위에서는 낮은 활성을 보였다. 또한 peroxidase와 alcohol dehydrogenase의 활성은 정상과실에서 높았으며, 착색불량과실에서는 녹색인 하단부위 과육과 적색인 상단부위 과육 간에 큰 차이를 보였다. 이상의 결과로 보아 토마토의 착색불량 과실은 과실내의 여러 가지 대사작용 불균형으로 발생되는데, 적당한 수분 스트레스 처리로 발생을 억제할 수 있을 것으로 사료되었다.

Using green tea(GT), oolong tea(OT), black tea(BT) and green tea bag(GTB) out of tea products in market, this study quantified polyphenol and catechins as anti-oxidant substances and analyzed their respective anti-oxidant capacities. As a result, more epigallocathechin(EGC) was found in GT and GTB as well as caffein(CAF) in GT and BT. GT contained more epigallocathechin gallate(EGCG) than other tea types. Both FRAP and ORAC, as two methods of analyzing anti-oxidant capacities, showed that GTB had highest anti-oxidant capacities, while OT had lowest of all. By brand, it was found that all the 3 brands of GT had similarly high anti-oxidant capacities, but there were differences in the anti-oxidant activities of GTB and BT depending on brand. Out of catechin components, it was found that epicatechin(EC), epicathechin gallate(ECG) and EGCG were major components affecting anti-oxidant capacities.

This study was conducted to explain degree of injury caused by P. panopealis larva which is the key component to develop economic injury level or control threshold in green perilla and was carried out in polyvinyl houses at Yuseong Daejeon, Geumsan and Yesan Chungnam from 2004 to 2006. Of 5 major pests in green perilla polyvinyl house, P. panopealis larva injured green perilla leaf by 48.5% on average under no insecticides application. The peak occurrence of P. panopealis adult was early August and late September in 2004 and 2005 studies. The feeding amount of P. panopealis larva among 1st to 3rd instar was not different, but from the 4th instar the feeding amount greatly increased and this result was consistent with daily feeding experiment in which the amount greatly increased from seventh day. The degree of injury which was investigated with different larval infestation levels showed that the degree of injury increased a little but was not different significantly as the density increased. The density of P. panopealis larva in damaged green perilla plant was less than three individuals/plant. This result indicates that P. panopealis adult lays egg on green perilla leaf dispersedly and larva hatched from egg injures only the leaf which egg is layed. These preliminary data seems to be very useful to design economic injury level and control threshold studies for P. panopealis in green perilla polyvinyl house.

Green mold of Phellinus baumii caused by Penicillium was observed in Daegu on August, 2000. The causal fungus was identified as Penicillium citrinum based on their cultural and morphological characteristics. Conidiophores one-stage branched, terminating in a whorl of 3~5 metulae. Metulae mostly 5.2~7.8㎛. Phialides were flask-shaped, 5.7~7.5×2.2~2.7㎛. Conidia were subglobose, 1.8~2.3㎛ in size. Colonies on Czapek agar were mostly attaining a diameter of 23㎜ within 8 days at 25℃. The optimum temperature for growth of the fungus was about 20~30℃. On the basis of mycological characteristics and pathogenecity test on host mushrooms, the fungus was identified as Penicillium citrinum. This is the first report on the green mold of Phellinus baumii caused by Penicillium citrinum in Korea. The present study was carried out to investigate the preventive effect of Penicillium citrinum by backfill (sand, granite soil, and smash rock). The result showed that the use of granite was 3~10% infection rate and sand was 2~10% infection of P. citrinum. However, the smash rocks showed no infection of this fungus. The chemical properties of smash rocks was pH 8.4, showing alkalinity. The sand and granite soil were pH 6.1 and pH 7.5, respectively. These did not have heavy metals such as Mn, Fe, Pb and As.

본 연구에서는 상황버섯 (P. baumii)의 자실체에 발생하는 Penicillium sp.균을 동정하기 위하여, 분리균의 배양적·형태적 특징을 조사하였다. 분리된 Penicillium sp.의 형태적 특성을 조사한 결과, 분생포자의 모양은 타원형이고 직경이 1.8∼2.3 ㎛ 크기로 분생포자를 많이 형성하였다. 분생포자경은 균사로부터 one-stage branch 모양을 형성하였고, matulae는 3∼5개로 길이가 5.2∼7.8 ㎛이며, phialide는 플라스크상이고 크기가 5.7∼7.5×2.2∼2.7 ㎛이였다. Czapek's agar 배지에서 생육시 25℃에서 8일간 균체가 23 ㎜ 생장하였다. PDA 배지 상에서 균총의 형태는 처음에는 조밀한 솜털모양의 백색을 띄었으며 차츰 기중균사가 형성되었고, 점차 회녹색으로 변하였다. 이상과 같은 형태 및 배양적 특징으로 이 균을 P. rubrum으로 동정하였다. 상황버섯 (P. baumii)에서 P. rubrum에 의한 병은 아직 국내에 보고된바 없어, P. rubrum에 의한 상황버섯 (P. baumii) 푸른곰팡이병을 최초로 보고한다.

The rsearch was an establishment of the important green spaces in Jeonju and to present the basic frame of green network. The relationship which leads to the green spaces and traditional cultual district needs the connetion of green corridor. The ecological view is used as the space for the passeuggest a connection on the base of the important green network between the green spaces and buildings as well as streets. Consequently, a creation plans of green spaces are demanded green corridor for the basic frame of green network in the tradional cultural district in Jeonju.

SMS Meer GmbH, formerly Mannesmann and today part of the SMS Group, has been building powder presses since the early 1950s. The patents developed here in this field have long since documented the pioneering work carried out for the PM industry. The paper focuses on the challenge of reconciling the contradictory demands in the production of highly complex and crack-free PM parts. The process employed with the patented Controlled Punch Adapter (CPA) [1] counters possible cracking reliably and directly at the source. In this way is it possible to develop new and highly complex parts to series production maturity in a minimum of time even without simulation of the press cycle [2]. The quality data achieved in the production series, almost 100% crack and micro crack-free green parts with optimum density distribution over all press levels is unrivalled and thus gives the user a clear lead over the competition.

According to the preceding survey on insect pests of the green perilla, Perilla frutescens var. japonica HARA, The major pests were Aphis egomae Shinji, Pyrausta panopealis (Walker), Tetranychus urticae Koch, Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks, Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida at Guemsan, Chungnam, 2004. Aphis egomae causes nearly 100% injury of the green perilla in uncontrolled green houses. A field study was conducted to estimate economic injury levels (ElLs) and control thresholds (CTs) for A. egomae injuring green perilla in green houses. Different densities of A. egomae ranged from 1 to 80 aphids per 100 plants in early inoculation. The mean injurying rate of plant was 2.4% to 40.5% at the end of June at differently inoculated levels. The economic loss time calculated by the ratio of cost managing aphid to market price (C/V) (C: cost managing aphid, V: Market price) in early season (from May to 13. June) was 5.8% and in peak season (from 13. June to 30. June) was 9.3%. Economic injury level in early and peak season was 5.3 aphids per plant and economic injury levels in peak season were 0.6 aphids per plant and 7.6% injured rate of plant. The control thresholds calculated by 80% level of economic injury level in peak season were 0.5aphids per plant and 6.1% injury rate of plant, respectively.

Temperature-dependent development studies of two aphid species, A. egomae and A. gossypii occurring in green perilla greenhouse were conducted at 15~35℃, and 16:8 (L:D h) of light period in the laboratory. The mortality of two aphid species was high in young stages (1st and 2nd). In A. egomae, the mortalitiy increased with increasing and decreasing temperature: the mortalitie at 15℃ and 35℃ were 22.3% and 15.6%, respectively. While the mortalities of A. gossypii increased with increasing temperature: the mortality at 35℃ was 50.0%. The developmental periods of A. egomae and A. gossypii ranged from 20.8days to 5.4days and from 22.6days to 9.1days at 15℃ to 30℃ of temperature resion, respectively, and were 7.2days and 10.7days at 35℃ for each species. The lower developmental threshold temperatures for total nymphs of A. egoame and A. gossypii were 9.9℃ and 4.9℃, respectively and an effective degree-days (DD) for the developmental completion of total nymph were 108.0 DD for A. egomae and 221.2DD for A. gossypii. In green perilla greenhouse, the occurrence period of A. gossypii was earlier about 15 days than that of A. egomae. When the occurrence period of two aphid species was estimated by degree-days based on lower threshold temperatures, A. gossypii occurred earlier than A. egomae in the field. A. gossypii occurred from early April and showed dominant position to late May compared with A. egomae. Whereas, A egomae started to occur from mid April and then were abundant after late May followed by abrupt population crash around late July.

As the results achieved by the evaluation of toxicities on an aphid parasitoid, Aphidius colemani by 79 pesticides registered as horticultural pesticide and 4 adjuvants for pest control, 6 insecticides including a-cypermethrin, 13 fungicides including metalaxyl-M+mancozeb and 4 acaricides including bifenazate showed low toxicity against A. colemani adult. Low toxicity was showed in all the 4 adjuvants as well. In residual toxicity test from 40 pesticides which showed toxicity more than 50%, A. colemani was safe from 11 pesticides from the 3th day after treatment, 7 pesticides from the 5th day after treatment and 14 pesticides from the 7th day after treatment, respectively. But, chlorpyrifos-methyl, diflubenzuron+chlorpyrifos, etofenprox+diazinone and imidachloprid+chlorpyrifos showed high toxicities reaching 100%, 97.7%, 100% and 100% respectively, even from the 7th day after treatment. To evaluate the control effect by A. colemani against Myzus persicae in a greenhouse, A. colemani was released at parasitoid versus aphids rates of 1:50 and 1:100 when the population of M. persicae was 50 per plant. After release, aphids population remained steady for 20 days after release at the level of around 60 aphids per plant During the investigation, insecticides for thrips control and fungicides for powdery mildew control were treated, but didn"t affect the mummy forming of A. colemani. It may be suggested from these results that the selected insecticides, fungicides, acaricides and adjuvent could be incorporated into the integrated M. persicae management system with A. colemani on greenhouse cultivation.