A new soybean variety, ‘Joongmo 3009’ (Milyang 222) was developed at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in 2012. ‘Joongmo 3009’ was released by pedigree selection from the cross between ‘Cheongja 2(Milyang 121)’ and ‘Daemangkong’. It has determinate growth habit, white flower, brown pubescence, brown pod color, green seed coat, green cotyledon, spherical seed shape, oval leaf shape and large seed size (29.3 grams per 100 seeds). It was late 16 days in maturing date than the check cultivar ‘Cheongjakong’. The average yield of ‘Joongmo 3009’ was 2.91 ton per hectare, which was higher 36 percentage than the check variety, in the regional yield trials carried out in three adaptable locations of Korea from 2010 to 2012. The number of breeder’s right is ‘5474’

This study reduced and built Street Canyons created by skyscrapers in order to verify effect of Street Canyons by green wall within the city centre and analysed influence factors on temperature reduction according to applicative types of green wall in the lab. Applicative types were divided into three types such as non- greening type(Case A), one-side greening type(Case B), both side greening type(Case C). The result of analysis of each types showed that average temperature of Case B and Case C is respectively 1.0℃ and 1.7℃ lower than Case A. The result of analysis of WBGT was that the highest temperature was given by Case A(40.2℃) and second one was from Case B(39.8℃) and third one was from (39.1℃) and in UTCI Case A records the highest temperature of 34.7℃ and Case B provided the second highest temperature of 33.9℃ and Case B gave the lowest temperature of 32.7℃. In PMV the highest temperature of 2.65 was from Case B and second one of 2.61 was from Case A and third one of 2.54 was from Case C. Duncan analysis of each types based on solar radiation and thermal comfort generated that there was analytical significance between Case A and Case B and Case B in terms of each types of average temperature reduction. The significance of thermal comfort in WBGT, MRT, PMV showed non-significance but, In UTCI it was analysed that there was significance between Case C and Case A.

This research carried out to figure out the effect of the green manure crop cultivated at a preparation field and the shading net on the growth, development, and quality of ginseng. Followings are results obtained from the research. Leaf width of ginseng under the shading net of a two-layered blue and two-layered black polythylene net (TBTBPN) was good at rye and hairy vetch cultured group. Leaf length of ginseng under the shading net of a threelayered blue and one-layered black polyethylene net (TBOBPN) was good at barley and hairy vetch cultured group. Meanwhile, leaf width was good at hairy vetch cultured group. Leaf length of ginseng under a blue polyethylene sheet (BPS) was good at a barley and barley + hairy vetch cultured group, but stem length was shorter compare to other shading net cultivations. Root weight of ginseng was good under the shading net of a two-layered blue and two-layered black polyethylene net (TBTBPN) at a rye and hairy vetch cultured group, and was good under the shading net of a three-layered blue and onelayered black polyethylene net (TBOBPN) at a barley + hairy vetch cultured group, but there was no significant difference under blackout screen according to manure crop varieties. Ratio of rusty root was 10.2% at the barley cultured group under the shading net of a two-layered blue and two-layered black polyethylene net (TBTBPN), and was 23.1% at hairy vetch cultured group under shading net of a three-layered blue and one-layered black polyethylene net (TBOBPN). Ratio of rusty root was the lowest at a rye cultured group regardless the shading nets. Content of the ginsenoside was the highest at the rye cultured group under the shading net of two-layered blue and two-layered black polyethylene net (TBTBPN), was the highest at the barley cultured group under the shading net of a three-layered blue and one-layered black polyethylene net (TBOBPN), and was the highest at the rye cultured group under the blackout screen.

This research analyzed the characteristics of varieties of rice such as a harvest time and yield, and to select a proper variety to product green rice according to a conventional planting culture and a late planting culture. The most proper harvest time of rice, in general, was 15 to 25 days after heading to product the green rice. Sinsunchal among glutinous rice varieties and Chilbo among nonglutinous rice varieties showed the most amount harvest at 25 days after heading, which was a limit harvest time for the whole green rice production in overall rice varieties. The amount of green rice according to transplanting times, the May 30 th transplanting was more than the June 20 th . The yield of green rice harvested at 15~25 days after heading was varied according to varieties. Proper glutinous varieties for green rice production were Dongjinchal, Sangdongchal, Boseokchal, and Sinsunchal, in order of listed, which were transplanted at the May 30 th . Meanwhile, Boseokchal, Backokchal, and Sinsunchal, in order of listed, were proper varieties for green rice production, which were transplanted at the June 20 th . In nonglutinous rice, Samkwang, Nunbora, and Chilbo, which were transplanted at the May 30 th , were proper varieties for green rice production. Hwanggeomnodeul, Hopum, and Chilbo, which were transplanted at the June 20 th , were proper varieties for green rice production.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of organic inputs on soil properties in a newly reclaimed organic soils. The soil of the experiment site was very low in soil fertility and the physico-chemical properties were poor. Several organic input treatments with different source of nutrient were placed, including compost in combination with green manures for organic agricultural practices, chemical fertilizers for conventional agricultural practices, and control without fertilizer. The experiment was conducted with continuous cropping system during 3 years. The chemical properties concentration in compost+green manure treatment was increased continually compare to control and chemical fertilizer treatment, and closed to the recommended rate of fertilizer. The organic matter value for compost+ green manure treatment was increased from 0.86~0.96% to 2.00~2.29% by continuous nutrient supply of compost and green manure. However, further investigation on increasing of organic matter value for 3 years is necessary to monitor carefully during the long-term because it will help to clarify the all mechanisms of organic matter on organic input application way. The available phosphate value for compost+ green manure treatment was generally increased from 21.9~27.1 mg/kg to 182.0~ 394.1 mg/kg. In case of exchange cation, the concentration for compost+ green manure treatment was increased during 2 years within the range to the recommended rate of fertilizer, however, it is expected to cause a rather over supply for 3 years.

This study was carried out to assess the covering of 11 Sedum species on an extensive green roof system under the urban climate of South Korea for 2 years. The eleven Sedum species which came up to the criteria were selected: S. acre, S. album, S. kamtschaticum, S. oryzifolium, S. polystichoides, S. reflexum, S. rupestre, S. sarmentosum, S. sexangulare, S. spurium, and S. telephium. The plants were planted in the extensive green roof system with the substrate of porous glass+bark+field soil (v:v:v, 3:2:5) and then evaluated. The covering area of the Sedum species were about 72㎠ at the start after the establishment. When a year had passed since the systems were established, S. acre, S. oryzifolium and S. sexangulare maintained 200-500㎠/plant of covering area and the others maintained 800-1200㎠/plant. Most covering area increased continuously for about two years and showed a large quantity of increment in summer season with the exception of S. kamtschaticum, S. polystichoides, S. sarmentosum, and S. telephium, whose above-parts were not alive in winter.

‘온토비’는 중, 북부 지역에서도 안정적인 월동이 가능하며 봄철 풋거름 수량이 많아 답리작 재배에 적합한 헤어리베치 품종을 육성할 목적으로 국립식량과학원에서 유전자원 ‘Ch4 (중국 도입)’에서 파생된 봄철 생육이 우세한 개체들을 선발 하여 계통육종법을 통해 개발되었다. 주요 특성은 개화기에 진한 녹엽색을 띠고, 줄기 모용 밀도가 높으며, 개화기는 전국 평균 5월 15일로써 대조품종인 ‘청풍보라’에 비해 5일 늦다. 월동율은 전국 평균 91%로써 대조품종 보다 2% 더 높은 경 향이었으며, 건물중수량은 ha당 평균 5.44톤으로써 대조품종 에 비해 17% 더 많았고, 질소함량은 ha당 평균 172 kg으로 써 대조품종에 비해 13% 더 증가하였다. ‘온토비’의 적응 지 역은 1월 최저 평균기온이 -15℃ 이상인 지역이면 전국 어느 곳에서나 재배가 가능하다(품종보호등록번호 제4748호).

This study aims to assess Green-Tourism accessibility of Rural Experience Village and then prepare improvement methods. To do this study, we surveyed 25 operators of Rural Experience Village in Chungbuk. We used 21 issues in all for analysis and the following shows a summary of major results. Rural Experience Village has a generally hard time conducting facility maintenance. Countermeasures for maintenance are required to run smoothly. Since Rural Experience Village has difficulty attracting visitors to the village, countermeasures are needed to attract visitors through business promotion. The results of assessing Green- Tourism accessibility showed us that some villages are a lot more accessible than others. Therefore, it is necessary that there should be improvements of Green -Tourism accessibility by attracting visitors and increasing operating days so that Green-tourism accessibility can be enhanced. In spite of its high level of accessibility since Rural Experience Village belonging to Goesan has low profitability, it is especially imperative that we establish more positive project promotion to cover it.

This study analyzed the questionnaire of 279 participants which counted 26 cases out of total 305 participants. It is organized to find out the influence of indoor-plants for green interior of psychological effect, general awareness and the color or shape of indoor-plants in dining/living area to the preference of consumers and emotional image. 74.6% of participants had the experience of purchasing the indoor-plants for green interior. As the result of general awareness of green interior, the most important factor when the green interior was organized was the shape of plants and the most selected possible amount of investment to the installation was less than 100,000 won which is not high enough. As the result of investigation on participant’s awareness of effect of indoor-plant, 99.3% of participants which was the highest portion answered ‘Indoor-plants improve the psychological stability’ from the selection of five kinds of indoor-plant’s effects. More than 50% of participants showed high interests to the green interior in dining/living area as they selected ‘Preferred’. Decoration of cut-flower and eruption are preferred as the design of dining area. The preference order of 5 types of colors for green interior was white> green> pink> yellow> red and showed significant difference. As the result of investigation on color sensitivity of green-interior area with Standard Deviation method, white and green stimulus group highly shows the emotion of “Clam” and “Comfortable”. In addition, red and pink stimulus group feels hard the emotion, “Fancy”. Cut flower decoration was highly preferred when living area is decorated with 76.6%. Also, there was significant difference in the shapes of green interior in living area with the order of horizontal> round>vertical. According to the result of study on emotional difference with green interior of living area with Standard Deviation, horizontal way has “Calm”, “Comfortable” while vertical provides “Heavy” and “Strong”. This study tries to provide the useful and positive possibility of design direction and improvement of consumption of indoor green-interior by understanding of psychological effect and awareness of indoor-plan.

This study as a part of an extensive green roof system development was carried out to assess the heat tolerance of 11 species Sedum spp. on the extensive green roof system: S. kamtschaticum, S. oryzifolium, S. polystichoides, S. sarmentosum, S. acre, S. album, S. reflexum, S. rupestre, S. sexangulare, S. spurium, and S. telephium. Electrolyte leakage evaluation was used to estimate the heat tolerance level of each Sedum at 40°C, 45°C, 47.5°C, 50°C, 52.5°C, 55°C, and 57.5°C. The critical temperatures at the midpoints of sigmoidal curves fitted through electrolyte leakage (EL) were predicted with the range of 54.0°C to 65.2°C. S. album, S. telephium, and S. sexangulare were more tolerant of high temperature than the others. In field condition, the heat tolerance of 11 species Sedum spp. applied to the suggested extensive green roof system was also estimated by EL evaluation. The EL (%) values of 11 species Sedum spp. subjected to maximum temperature (46.7°C) recorded during the experimental periods were lower than 50% except S. kamtschaticum and S. spurium. Especially, S. album, S. rupestre, and S. telephium were ranked higher than the others in heat tolerance. The most Sedum spp. would show good heat tolerance on the extensive green roof system if the maximum temperature on rooftop was below 50°C in summer season.

This study tried to compare and analyze the thermal comfort index according to GVZ of school green space. For the analysis, this study performed a correlation analysis with weather elements by measuring and calculating UTCI, PMV, and WBGT according to GVZ. GVZ was in the order of Type 3 (5.68 m3/m2) > Type 2 (4.71 m3/m2) > Type 1 (3.37 m3/m2). The average temperature and solar radiation, surface temperature, globe temperature among weather characteristics was in the order of Type 1> Type 2 > Type 3. The UTCI in the school green space was in the order of Type 1 (33.95°C) > Type 2 (33.68°C) > Type 3 (32.73°C). At Type 3 that the GVZ is higher than other Types, it is belongs to range of 26~33°C which gets normal heat stress, and other Types belong to range of 33~38°C which gets strong heat stress. The PMV was in the order of Type 1 > Type 2 > Type 3, and the estimated rate of unsatisfaction was appeared as 100%, so it is uncomfortable even in the school green space that it requires measure on heat wave. The WBGT was in the order of Type 1 > Type 2 > Type 3. The result of the correlation analysis according to the heat comfort index shows that, the higher the green ratio and GVZ are, the UTCI has negative relationship, and PMV and WBGT were analyzed as have no relationship according to green characteristics, but this result was considered as measured at green space when the temperature was at its highest so the uncomfortable feeling was also highest. The result of correlation analysis of green characteristics and the weather elements shows that GVZ and insolation, temperature has negative relationship, so it is considered that the higher the GVZ is, the solar radiation and the temperature are decreased.

The gross domestic product(GDP) measures the welfare of a nation’s economy through the aggregation of products and services produced in a nation. Although GDP is a proficient measure of the magnitude of the economy, many economists, environmentalists, and citizens have recently criticized the gross domestic product. The criticism stems from the fact that this measurement of domestic product does not account for environmental degradation and resource depletion. We need to estimate the environmentally adjusted net domestic product. The gross domestic product was 913 trillion won while environmental protection expenditure was 32.9 trillion won by monetary accounts of Korea, 2010. Loss of natural assets was 76.6 trillion emwon by emergy analysis of Korea, 2010. The Green GDP was accounted for 88.0% of the GDP to 803.5 trillion won.

유기 및 일반재배에 따른 풋고추의 이화학적 품질특성 및 항산화활성을 비교하고자 무게, 길이, 수분함량, 표면색도, 경도, DPPH 및 ABTS radical 소거능, 총페놀함량 등을 분석하였다. 무게, 길이의 경우 전반적으로 유기농 풋고추에서 무게가 적고, 길이가 짧았으며 수분함량의 경우 유기 및 일반재배 간 비슷한 값을 나타내었다. 표면색에 있어서 유기농 풋고추의 L과 b값이 높았고, a값은 일반재배 풋고추의 값이 높았으며 재배조건에 따른 L, a, b값의 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 항산화활성의 경우 DPPH radical 소거능은 유기농 풋고추가, ABTS radical 소거능은 일반재배 풋고추가 높은 활성을 보였다. 총 페놀 함량은 유기농 풋고추 값이 높았으나 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 무게, 길이 등의 외적 품질에 대해서 일반재배 풋고추의 값이 높았고, 항산화활성에 대해서는 전반적으로 유기농 풋고추에서 다소 높은 활성을 보였으나 유기 및 일반재배에 따른 내외적 품질비교를 위해서 더 많은 분석이 추가로 진행되어야 할 필요가 있다고 사료된다.

본 연구는 그린인테리어용 식물을 활용한 실내 주거공간의 심리적 효과를 알아보기 위해 112명을 대상으로 설문조사하였다. 심리상태측정은 주의회복척도, 단축판 기분상태검사(POMS), 어의구별척도법(SD법)으로 조사하여 빈도분석, 일원배치분산분석, 그리고 Pearson’s 상관분석으로 비교 분석하였다. 그린인테리어에 대한 일반적 인식에 대해 조사한 결과, 그린인테리어 조성시 경관디자인과 식물의 종류를 중요하게 생각하였으며, 설치 투자비용은 200만원 미만이 80.93%, 유지관리비 10~50만원이 81% 이상이었다. 또한 3가지 심리적 지표를 분석한 결과, 주의회복척도는 전체 문항에서 ‘매우 그렇다’고 답변한 대상자의 비율이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 직업군별로 비교한 결과, 회사원보다 주부들의 주의회복력이 더 높았으며 두 직업군 간에 유의한 차이를 보였다. 기분상태검사는 긴장－불안, 우울, 분노, 피로, 그리고 혼란은 낮게, 활력은 높은 경향이었다. 또한 그린인테리어 실내 주거공간에 대한 감성을 SD법으로 알아본 결과, ‘쾌적감, 자연감, 진정감’ 모두 긍정적으로 유의하게 높은 점수 분포를 나타냈다. 3가지 감성어휘에 대한 상관관계를 분석한 결과, 그린인테리어 주거공간에 대해 모든 감정간에 유의하게 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 그린인테리어가 주는 효과에 대한 응답자의 인식을 분석한 결과, 공기정화효과, 거주자의 작업 능률 향상 효과, 심리적 안정 효과, 그리고 인체의 자연치유력을 높이는 효과에 대해 94% 이상으로 긍정적인 반응을 보였다. 그린인테리어효과의 문항간 상관분석 결과, ‘그린인테리어는 심리적 안정 효과를 높여준다’와 ‘그린인테리어는 공기정화효과를 높여준다’는 0.818로 가장 높은 정의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 본 연구결과, 그린인테리어용 식물을 활용함으로써 거주자들의 심리적 안정과 부정적 정서완화 효과가 클 것으로 기대한다.

In sustainable viticulture, green manure represents a safe and non-polluting way to bring large quantities of organic matter into the soil. The cultivation of green manure crops plays an important role in soil quality and sustainability of agricultural system. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of green manure fertilization on yield and quality of the Campbell Early grape variety in the organic vineyard. Hairy vetch was the more productive green manure crop, yielding higher dry materials. Average yields of grape were significantly greater in hairy vetch + rye (13.02 ton ha-1) than nature weed (11.65 ton ha-1), respectively. The concentrations of total as well as individual anthocyanins were consistently higher with hairy vetch treatment compared with rye and nature weed, thus making the green manure cultivation is an environmentally friendly cultivation to increase the yield and anthocyanin contents in organic grape.

In this study, to targeting Songpa of Seoul, were analyzed the effect on the noise mitigation in roadside buffer green spaces. Noise of Songpa Street buffer green space was determined to be higher during the day than at night. In addition, it was most of 60 db or more. However, the noise reduction function of the buffer green was not greatly affected by time. In the case of noise reduction rate, during the day time it was the order of the mounding type (18.14%)> plain type (5.73%)> slope type (4.08%), And, in the case of night time, it was the order of the mounding type (11.29%)> slope type (10.22%)> plain type (4.42%). Noise reduction rate, all of the daytime, was the highest in the mounding type. As a result of the factors on the amount of reduction of noise, More physical structure is mounding type, green structure is the stratification of green space, and the number of individuals is large, the higher the tree planting density, it is determined that the noise reduction effect is high. Also, factors affecting the noise reduction effect of the day and night were different.