원형 혹은 H형 단면의 표지판지주에 소형차가 충돌할 때 차량 및 지주의 거동을 확인하기 위하여 Barrier VII 프로그램을 이용한 시뮬레이션을 실시하였다. 이 프로그램은 연성 베리어에 충돌하는 차량의 운동과 베리어의 변위를 해석하는 프로그램이나, 지주를 수평 빔 요소로 하고 각 노드에 강성을 조절한 기둥 요소로 연결함으로써 소형지주에 대한 충돌해석이 가능함을 보였다. 0.9ton 소형차가 기초와 강결된 파이프형태의 소형 지주에 30km/h, 60km/h, 70km/h 110km/h의 속도로 충돌하는 경우, 0.9ton 소형차와 1.35ton 중형차가 기초에 강결된 H형 단면 지주에 110km/h의 속도로 충돌하는 경우, 그리고 0.9ton 소형차가 분리되는(slip base) 형태로 기초에 연결된 파이프형태의 소형 지주에 110km/h의 속도로 충돌하는 경우 등 총 7가지 경우에 대한 시뮬레이션을 실시하여 지주의 변형과 충돌차량의 거동을 분석하였다. 시뮬레이션을 통하여 고속충돌 시 기초에 강결 된 원형지주의 경우 과다한 휨 변형으로 표지판과 차량 전면부와의 충돌위험성이 있고 H형 지주와 같이 비교적 큰 표지판용 지주는 소형차 충돌 시 지주의 변형은 거의 없고 차량에 가해지는 충격력, 지주가 과다하게 차체 안으로 침투할 위험성이 크다는 사실과 breakaway 장치로 단부처리를 하는 경우 위험이 줄어들 수 있음을 확인하였다.

In 2005, an unrecorded bryozoan, Bantariella sp., invading on black corals was observed at Munseom in Jejudo Island. An intensive study was performed in the portion of 180 m width and 10~30m deep of Hangae-chang at Munseom during the period from Ja

복소수계수 E*로 표현되는 아스팔트 콘크리트의 탄성계수는 아스팔트 포장설계에서 매우 중요한 입력변수다. 일반적으로 아스팔트 콘크리트의 탄성계수는 동탄성 계수시험 (Dynamic Modulus Test)을 사용하여 평가한다. 그러나 동탄성계수시험은 일상적인 시험법으로 적용하기에는 고가의 시험장비, 복잡한 시험장비, 많은 시험시간 등의 문제가 있다. 이에 반하여 충격공진시험(IR: Impact Resonance test)은 비파괴시험으로서 간편한 시험장치, 단순한 시험방법이며 반복성이 뛰어나다. 본 연구의 주요 목적은 충격하중의 타격위치 시편거치 방법 충격하중원의 특성, 신호획득 속도, 신호처리방법 등을 포함한 IR시험의 시험조건의 영향을 평가하는 것이다. 본 연구에서 적용한 모든 시험조건 범위에서 충격공진시험에서 측정된 결과의 변동은 ±2.7% 이내에 들었다.

본 연구에서는 엘니뇨현상과 인도양 쌍극자 모드(Indian Ocean Dipole, IOD) 현상의 상호 관련성과, 우리나라 기온, 강수량에 대한 두 현상의 영향을 분석하였다. 1954년부터 2004년까지 51년간 NINO 3 지수, IOD지수, 그리고 전국 11개 지점 지역평균한 월별 평균기온과 강수량 자료를 사용하였다. 엘니뇨현상과 IOD현상은 봄과 가을에는 동시 상관관계가 존재한다. 인도양에서 해수면온도 분포는 엘니뇨 해에는 남북진동이, IOD 해에는 동서진동 형태가 뚜렷하였다. 엘니뇨 해 우리나라에서는, 여름철에 냉하다우, 겨울철에 온난다우 경향이 뚜렷한 반면에, IOD 해에는 유의한 상관성을 찾을 수 없었다. 대기대순환에서도 엘니뇨 해에는 우리나라를 포함한 중위도에 통계적으로 신뢰할 만한 편차패턴이 나타나지만, IOD 해에는 그렇지 않았다.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among narcissism, self-esteem, and aggressiveness of the juvenile convicts incarcerated in a correctional institution. From the results of the study, we expected to obtain basic information and data needed in developing correctional educational programs to reduce their recidivism. The survey research was done on a population of 189 juvenile offenders incarcerated in a juvenile prison. The study utilized the t-test, correlation analysis and regression analysis as major statistical techniques. The study examined the following research questions: 1. What are the relationships among narcissism, self esteem, and aggressiveness of these juvenile convicts? 2. What are the impacts of narcissism and self esteem on their aggressiveness? According to the findings of correlation analysis, the juvenile convicts' narcissism was found to be significantly associated with their aggressiveness. The findings of regression analysis showed that such variables as the juvenile convicts' narcissism, self-esteem, and the relationships with their parents play a significant role in determining their aggressiveness. The study suggests that we should make more efforts in developing correctional educational program for juvenile convicts, so they can develop a healthy personality.

The fracture behavior and mechanical characteristics of sintered rare-earth magnets were investigated. It shows that the fracture behavior and bending strength of the magnets obviously exhibit anisotropy. Sm-Co magnets tend to cleavage fracture in the close-packed (0001) plane or in the (10 11 ) plane. The fracture mechanism of Nd2Fe14B magnet mainly appears to be intergranular fracture. The anisotropy of fracture behavior and mechanical strength of sintered rare-earth magnets is caused mainly by the strong crystal-structure anisotropy and the grain alignment texture. The effects of Nd content, and Pr, Dy substitution on the impact stability of Nd2Fe14B magnets were also reported.

This paper is concerned with the ongoing influence of in-service teacher education upon teachers’ instructional behavior and attitudes. Thus the purpose of this study is to trace attitudinal and instructional changes after in-service teacher training and thereby identify either favorable or unfavorable factors affecting such changes in classroom settings. First, a survey was conducted to see which teacher training programs teachers preferred, uncover any changes in instructional behavior and attitudes as well as factors related to said changes, and gather suggestions for prospective teacher training programs. For additional data, four teachers’ reflective journals and interviews were analyzed. The results of the study were as follows: 1) teachers believed that a teacher’s techniques rather than their English proficiency have the most direct influence upon effective English instruction; 2) changes in both behavior and attitudes are observed for only a short period right after in-service teacher education; and 3) a major factor impeding change is the discrepancy between the English language curriculum and actual classroom instruction, which is largely due to the washback effect of the requirements of the Scholastic Aptitude Test required for college admission.

  The purpose of this study is to propose guidelines for introducing the JIT(Just-In-Time) purchasing to enhance the competitiveness of Korean manufacturing companies. This study employed an extensive survey on the use of the JIT purchasing systems among

지반의 동적 변형 특성인 전단파 속도(V_s), 압축파 속도(V_p), 그리고 그에 따른 포아송 비(v)는 내진 설계나 내진 성능 평가 외에도 구조물의 거동 평가에 필요한 매우 중요한 지반 정수이다. 지난 수십 년 동안 이러한 지반 정수를 효율적이고 정밀하게 측정하기 위하여, 여러 가지 공내 탄성파 시험 기법들이 개발 및 적용되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 가장 신뢰성이 높은 현장 탄성파 기법인 크로스홀 탄성파 시험을 지반 동적 물성 획득 기법으로 선정하였다. 지하수위 존재 여부에 관계 없이 토사뿐만 아니라 암반을 대상으로 크로스홀 시험을 성공적으로 수행할 수 있도록, 연직 시추공 안에서 지반을 대상으로 횡방향 가진이 가능한 스프링식 발진 장치를 개발하고, 두 곳의 기존 항만 부두 부지와 신규 LNG 저장 시설 두 부지로 구성된 국내 세 지역을 대상으로 크로스홀 탄성파 시험을 실시하였다. 대상 부지에서의 개발 발진 장치 적용을 통한 크로스홀 시험으로부터 지표 부근 토사부터 하부 공학적 기반암 및 지진학적 기반암으로 구성된 암반까지의 깊이별 V_s,\;V_p 및 v와 같은 지반 동적 특성을 매우 효율적으로 결정하였으며, 적용 대상 시설물인 기존 항만 부두 시설물의 내진 성능 평가 그리고 신규 LNG 저장 시설물의 내진 설계를 위한 근본 자료로 제시하였다.

Yu, Kyong-ae. 2006. Impact of Culture in Communication: Different Verbal Styles and Miscommunications. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 14(1). Verbal interaction styles reflect the overall values and patterns of a culture. As Hall (1976) suggests, meaning or intention in low-context communication is best expressed through explicit verbal messages, while in high-context communication it is best conveyed through context and non-verbal channels such as pauses, silence and tone of voice. If different verbal styles are ignored or not understood, miscommunication may occur in cross-cultural communication, which may contribute to communication conflict or even hostile stereotyping (Milroy 1984: 26). Understanding of communication rules, sociocultural norms, and inferences involved in conversation are being accorded greater importance in language teaching and learning for effective communication in intercultural interactions. This paper introduces different communication styles based on cultural diversity, discusses the extent to which Korean EFL students are concerned with English pragmatic strategies, and analyzes Korean language and culture influence on their communication styles in English speech. This paper shows that Korean EFL students attempt to follow English styles in English conversation but their communication styles in English are largely influenced by their native language and culture, which can lead to miscommunication and conflict in intercultural interactions.

The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 14(1). Verbal interaction styles reflect the overall values and patterns of a culture. As Hall (1976) suggests, meaning or intention in low-context communication is best expressed through explicit verbal messages, while in high-context communication it is best conveyed through context and non-verbal channels such as pauses, silence and tone of voice. If different verbal styles are ignored or not understood, miscommunication may occur in cross-cultural communication, which may contribute to communication conflict or even hostile stereotyping (Milroy 1984: 26). Understanding of communication rules, sociocultural norms, and inferences involved in conversation are being accorded greater importance in language teaching and learning for effective communication in intercultural interactions. This paper introduces different communication styles based on cultural diversity, discusses the extent to which Korean EFL students are concerned with English pragmatic strategies, and analyzes Korean language and culture influence on their communication styles in English speech. This paper shows that Korean EFL students attempt to follow English styles in English conversation but their communication styles in English are largely influenced by their native language and culture, which can lead to miscommunication and conflict in intercultural interactions.

NiTiZrSiSn bulk metallic glass powder was produced using inert gas atomization and then was sprayed onto a SS 41 mild steel substrate using the kinetic spraying process. Through this study, the effects of thermal energy of in-flight particle and crystallization degree by powder preheating temperature were evaluated. The deformation behavior of bulk metallic glass is very interesting and it is largely dependent on the temperature. The crystalline phase formation at impact interface was dependent on the in-flight particle temperature. In addition, variations in the impact behavior need to be considered at high strain rate and in-flight particle temperature.

다양한 분야에서 방사선물질을 수송하기 위해 사용되고 있는 수송용기(cask)는 국내 원자력안전규정 및 IAEA 운반규정에서 정한 9m 자유낙하충격의 가상사고조건을 만족시켜야 된다. 현재까지 수송용기의 낙하충격력은 주로 복잡한 계산과정을 갖는 유한요소해석에 의해 수행되어 왔다. 본 논문에서는 수송용기 본체의 동적충격응답에 대해 모드중첩기법을 이용하여 해석하고 그 해법방법을 제시하였다. 해석결과는 이전에 실시되었던 시험결과와 유한요소해석과 비교를 통하여 그 타당성을 입증하였다. 본 해석방법은 유한요소 해석과 비교하여 간단한 방법으로서 수송용기에 대한 대체적인 동적응답을 예측할 수 있다.

The purposes of this study are to analyze economic effect of prison labor on free market economy and to suggest ways for more effective prison labor industry. The impact of prison labor on non-prison labor has been debated over the years. Proponents have touted the social benefits of decreased net cost of prisons, improved behavior in prison, the potential for low recidivism, and rehabilitation through development of work and social skills. Opponents of prison labor from the beginning have pointed out the private costs of lost jobs and lost sales of industries outside the prison. Although it is very difficult to measure and compare quantitatively benefits and costs of prison labor, there is inverse relationship between prison labor and recidivism rates. According to Federal Bureau of Justice, inmates involved in prison labor has better chance to be employed and to receive higher wage. In addition, the revenue from prison work can pay for the costs of housing them in prison and prison labor leads to increased production of goods and services that can help in developing regional economy. In spite of the advantages of prison labor, it is argued that prisoners work is exploitative and it will displace civilian business and labor. These concerns put in place as the size and scope of prison labor expands and motivate legislative efforts in restricting prison labor. To improve quality of prison labor, the Bureau of Prisons needs to allow more private companies to employ prisoners at reasonable wage and to cultivate useful skills. Moreover, the operation body and methods of correctional work program should be reformed and specialized. It is recommended to consider establishment of special organization that concentrates in operating prison labor industry. Finally, it is suggested to benefits of prison labor should be measured and publicized to ensure quality of correctional work program.