In this study, the conventional cylinder-shaped lower bar on the canvas was modified and its performance was tested to improve the opening force of the stow net on anchor. The improved new lower bar used in the test is consisted of 13 flat bars with a length of 1.8 m, a width of 0.075 m and a thickness of 4 mm, and a pipe with a length of 2.0 m and a diameter of 50 mm. A stow net with the improved lower bar and a stow net with an existing lower bar were installed underwater and their trajectories for 21 hours were examined. To confirm their trajectories, GPS loggers were attached to the buoys on the left and right canvases and the buoy of the hauling rope. As a result of the test, the rotation of the gear with the improved bar was smoother than that with the existing bar. As a result of comparing the changes in the interval of the buoys attached to the canvas after the low and high tide, the buoy spacing of the gear with the improved bar is wider than that of the conventional gear; moreover, the larger the interval, the smoother the rotation of the fishing gear was. Therefore, it is considered that using the improved lower bar can enhance the performance of the stow net.

본 연구는 적작약 꽃 추출물의 활성산소 억제와 항염증 및 MMP-1 발현 억제능 효과에 관해 알아보고 기능성 화장품 소재로써의 가능성을 확인하고자 하였다. 본 실험 방법으로는 세포 내 ROS 측정을 통한 활성산소 억제효과와 세포 독성 평가 및 항염증 측정, HDF 세포에서의 MMP-1의 발현 억제능 효과를 측정하고자 하였다. 실험 결과, RAW 264.7 세포와 HDF 세포 내에서 ROS로 억제효과를 확인하였고, 세포 독성평가는 적작약 꽃 추출물 5, 10 μg/mL 처리 농도에서 90% 이상의 세포 생존율, 그 외 처리 농도에서는 80% 이상의 세포 생존율을 확인하였다. 또한 RAW 264.7 세포에서의 NO 생성 억제와 HDF 세포에서 MMP-1의 발현 억제능이 유의하게 억제되는 것을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면, 적작약 꽃 추출물의 세포 내 ROS 생성억제와 NO 생성 억제로 항산화와 항염증 효과, 피부세포에 대한 낮은 독성, MMP-1의 발현 억제를 통한 노화 효과가 확인됨에 따라 기능성 화장품 소재로써의 활용 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

In this study, the differences of holding power according to the shape and weight distribution of concrete weight used in shellfish shell fishery were investigated through the experiments. To investigate the differences in shape, five bar-shaped concrete weights with the same length and different cross-sectional shapes were produced. The sectional shape of each weight was square, triangle, circle, small cross, and large cross (SQ, TR, CI, CR-S, CR-L). Ten rectangular parallelepiped weights with different bottom area and cross-sectional area were produced. To investigate the differences by the weight distribution, the holding power on the square model (SQ) with six 50 g weights at different positions was investigated. All the holding power was obtained by measuring the tensile force generated when the concrete weight was pulled at a constant speed on the sand. As a result, there were no differences in holding power between the ten rectangular weights. However, the experiment on weights with different cross-sectional shapes showed differences in holding power. The holding power was higher in the order of CR-L > CR-S > CI > TR > SQ. In the weight distribution test, the holding power was higher as the front side of the weight was heavier. Generally, the frictional force is the same even if the shape is different, when two objects have the same value in the weight and the roughness. On the other hand, it seems to have a large impact when the shape of the bottom is deformed in the course of pulling the object. Particularly, the larger the degree of protrusion like cruciform weights, the more the holding power increased while deeply digging the bottom. It is also likely that the holding power increases as the front weight increases.

In this paper, numerical modeling is conducted to analyze the tension of an anchor line by varying the size and drag coefficient of a buoy when the trapnet is influenced by the wave and the current simultaneously. A mass-spring model was used to analyze the behavior of trapnet underwater under the influence of waves and current. In the simulation of numerical model, wave height of 3, 4, 5 and 6 m, a period of 4.4 s, and the flow speed of 0.7 m/s were used for the wave and current condition. The drag coefficients of buoy were 0.8, 0.4 and 0.2, respectively. The size of buoy was 100, 50 and 25% based on the cylindrical buoy (0.0311 ㎥) used for swimming crab trap. The drag coefficient of the trapnet, the main model for numerical analysis, was obtained by a circular water channel experiment using a 6-component load cell. As a result of the simulation, the tension of the anchor line decreased proportional to buoy’s drag coefficient and size; the higher the wave height, the greater the decrease rate of the tension. When the buoy drag coefficient and size decreased to one fourth, the tension of the anchor line decreased to a half and the tension of the anchor line was lower than the holding power of the anchor even at 6 m of wave height. Therefore, reducing the buoy drag coefficient and size appropriately reduces the trapnet load from the wave, which also reduces the possibility of trapnet loss.

This study aims to reduce the force exerted to the buoy of the gillnet by wave and current. Five buoy models were selected for experiments and their rope tensions under wave and current action were compared. Five models were EL (ellipsoid), EL-H (ellipsoid-hole), SL (streamlined body), SP (sphere) and CL (cylinder, traditional type). In the first experiment, the Five models were tested without any attachment. In the second experiment, a flagpole was attached to each model. As a result, in the condition without flagpole, the tensions of four models with the exception of the CL were about a half of that of the CL. In the condition with flagpole, the tension of all models was twice larger than that without flagpole. Thus, a new model was suggested to improve the problem, which has a combined body that of a flagpole and a buoy Three new models of CL-L (long and thin cylinder), LF (leaf shape) and LF-F (leaf shape with fin) were designed. Also a cylinder type (CLD) with a flagpole as a control was included in the experiment. As a result, the LF-F had the smallest tension and a half tension of the CLD. Therefore, it is supposed that the flagpole and buoy combined model could reduce the tension on buoy rope and contribute to improve the gillnet loss problem.

Spinyhead sculpin Dasycottus setiger, a species of cold water fish, is distributed along the eastern coastal waters of Korea. A series of fishing experiments was carried out in the waters near Uljin from June, 2002 to November, 2004, using the experimental monofilament gill nets of different mesh sizes (82.2, 89.4, 104.8, and 120.2 ㎜) to describe the selectivity of the gill net for the fish. The SELECT (Share Each Length’s Catch Total) analysis with maximum likelihood method was applied to fit the different functional models (normal, lognormal, and bi-normal models) for selection curves to the catch data. The bi-normal model with the fixed relative fishing intensity was selected as the best-fit selection curve by AIC (Akaike’s Information Criterion) comparison. For the best-fit selection curve, the optimum relative length (the ratio of fish total length to mesh size) with the maximum efficiency and the selection range (R50%,large - R50%, small) of 50% retention were obtained as 2.363 and 0.851, respectively. The ratios of body girth to mesh perimeter at 100% retention where the selection curve of each mesh size represented the optimum total length were calculated as the range of 0.86 ~ 0.87.

Human DEK gene on chromosome 6p encodes a 43kD nuclear phospoprotein that was originally identified as part of a fusion protein found in a subset of acute myeloid leukemia carrying a t(6;9) translocation. Although DEK upregulation has been described in a number of human malignancies and was significantly associated with high histologic grade, lymph node metastasis and/or advanced clinical stage, no previous report has evaluated the expression of DEK protein and its clinical significance in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Our aims were to determine DEK expression in tissue samples of normal oral mucosa and OSCC by immunohistochemistry, to analyze the correlation between DEK expression and clinicopathological parameters, and to evaluate the value of DEK as a prognostic marker for patient’s survival. Ten normal oral mucosa, 10 epithelial dysplasia, and 60 OSCC samples were studied by immunohistochemistry. DEK expression tended to increase through the full thickness of epithelium in the dysplastic mucosa when compared with those in normal oral mucosa. High expression of DEK protein (score ≥ 2) was found in 68.3% of OSCC cases. Statistical analysis revealed that DEK overexpression in OSCC was positively correlated with high histologic grade (p=0.001), lymph node metastasis (p=0.003), and advanced clinical stage (p=0.039). In the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, DEK overexpression was significantly associated with decreased overall survival in patients with OSCC (p=0.019). Our results suggest that DEK overexpression may be a reliable marker to predict the clinical outcome in OSCC.

본 논문에서는 원심식 대형 압축기 구동용 모터 베이스 프레임의 구조해석 및 콘크리트 타설에 따른 구조안전성 평가를 수행하였다. 먼저 모터 베이스 프레임에 적용되는 네 가지 하중조건에 따른 구조해석을 진행하고 최대 비틀림 에너지 이론 및 Mohr-Coulomb 이론을 통하여 구조안전성을 평가하였다. 구조해석 결과에서 취약한 구조안전성을 나타낸 연결부 등의 불연속적인 부분에서 발생하는 국부응력에 대하여 ASME VIII Div. 2에 따른 구조안전성 평가를 적용함으로써 좀 더 합리적으로 구조안전성 평가를 수행할 수 있었다. 또한, 모터 베이스 프레임 내부에 콘크리트 타설 및 미타설에 따른 구조해석 및 ASME 구조안전성 평가를 통하여 모터 베이스 프레임의 구조안전성을 정량적으로 비교하여 콘크리트 타설로 인한 구조 안전성의 향상을 확인하였다.

This study was performed to develop patties with quality characteristics using mealworm powder, followed by assessments of general compositions and the branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) levels of the patties. An analysis of the chromaticity of the patties shows that the lightness and yellowness were decreased, whereas the redness was increased, as the amount of mealworm powder was increased. According to the sensory evaluation, the mealworm patty that contain 20% of mealworm powder (M20) showed an overall high preference level. In terms of the mechanical properties, the hardness, gumminess, and chewiness were significantly increased, whereas the springiness and cohesivensee were decreased, as the amount of mealworm powder was increased. The general composition of the M20 consists of 41.84% (moisture), 8.78% (carbohydrates), 34.42% (crude protein), 13.15% (crude fats), and 1.81% (crude ash). The BCAA contents (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) significantly increased in correspondence with the increases of the as mealworm-powder amount regarding the M20, the BCAA composition consists of the following: leucine (2,906.25 mg/100 g), isoleucine (1,459.09 mg/100 g), and valine (1,813.18 mg/100g). The conclusion of this study suggests that mealworm is a potential food material that could possibly replace meat.

2050년에는 세계 인구가 90억에 이를 것이라는 전망은 익히 알려져 있다. 따라서 미래 식량 수요에 대해서 우리가 먹고 있는 식품과 그 생산 방법을 재조명할 필요가 있으며, 최근 FAO에서는 미래 식량 대체 자원으로서 식용곤충의 필요성을 강조하고 있다. 국내에서도 갈색거저리, 흰점박이꽃무지, 장수풍뎅이, 뀌뚜라미 등 4종의 곤충에 대해서 식품 소재화를 위해서 안전성을 검토하여 한시적 식품으로 인정받았다. 또한, 애기뿔소똥구리로부터 항생제 후보 물질인 코프리신을 분리하여 기능을 검정한 결과, 인체 유해균인 구강균, 피부포도상균, 여드름 원인균에 대해 강한 항균활성을 나타낼 뿐 만 아니라 종래 항생제에 내성을 유발하는 내성균 방제에도 효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 피부상처의 대표적인 그람양성 감염균인 황색포도상구균에 대해서도 항생효과가 우수하였다. 또한 코프리신 처치가 치명적인 감염성 질환인 Clostridium difficile (C.d)세균이 유발하는 급성-위막성 대장염(Pseudomembraneous colitis)을 효과적으로 억제하는 것으로 확인되었다. C.d균 감염을 통해 확립한 급성장염 동물모델의 경우 5일째 80%의 치사율을 보였으나 코프리신을 전 처리한 동물은 치사율이 30%로 감소했다. 특이하게도 이물질은 Bifidobacterium과 Lactobacillus와 같은 대장내 정상 세균총에 대해서는 항생효과가 나타나질 않고 C.d균에 대해서만 선별적 항균효과를 나타내었다. 또한 면역세포의 과도한 활성을 감소시키거나 다양한 혈액암, 위암 세포주들의 세포성장을 특이적으로 억제하는 것으로도 확인 되었다. 이 물질을 이용하여 기능성 화장품을 개발 하였다. 이외에도 왕지네로부터 스콜로펜드라신 1을 개발하여 아토피 치유 효능을 검정하였다.

본 시험은 ‘아드리아’와 ‘로지타’ 절화수국(Hydrangeamacrophylla L.)을 생장시키는데 있어서 양분용탈과 환경오염을 감소시키기 위한 적정 화분크기와 양액 공급 횟수를 구명하고자 2012년에 온실에서 수행하였다. 화분크기(5, 10, 20L)와 양액공급 횟수(4, 8, 12회)를 처리주효과로 하여 교호작용을 관찰하였다. 화분크기에 관계없이양액공급 횟수를 늘릴수록 공급량과 용탈량이 증가하였다. 10L화분-12회양액 공급으로 처리 하였을 때 ‘아드리아’의 초장, 경경, 절간 수, 엽수와 엽폭, 화장과 화폭이상대적으로 증가하였다. 화분크기와 양액공급 횟수가 적었을 때 ‘아드리아’ 생장은 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 10L-8회 또는 10L-12회 처리 시 ‘로지타’의 초장, 경경, 엽장, 그리고 화장과 화폭이 연장되었고, 화분크기와 양액공급 횟수가 가장 적었을 때 초장과 경경 그리고 화장이 감소되었다. ‘아드리아’의 생체중은 10L-12회, 20L-8회, 20L-12회 처리에서 증가하였고, 화분크기와 양액공급횟수가 적었을 때 생체중의 감소가 나타났다. ‘로지타’는5L-4회 처리 시 빈약한 생체중을 보였다. 양분이용효율은 4회 공급 시 두 품종 모두에서 0.56-0.92g•L−1으로높은 수준을 보였으며, 12회 공급 시 0.24-0.31g•L−1으로 낮은 수준을 보였다. ‘아드리아’ 엽내 대량무기성분 함량은 10L-12회 처리 시 비교적 높게 나타났고 ‘로지타’는 20L-12회 처리에서 인산과 칼륨 그리고 칼슘함량이높게 나타났다.

Morotoge shrimp Pandalopsis japonica is caught by pot and others in the eastern coastal waters of Korea. Comparative fishing experiments were carried out in the eastern coast of Korea, using the dome–shaped pots with different five mesh sizes (17.1, 24.8, 35.3, 39.8, and 48.3 mm) in order to estimate the mesh selectivity of the pot for the morotoge shrimp, Pandalopsis japonica. The SELECT (Share Each Length’s Catch Total) analysis method was applied to the catch data. The master selection curve of the pot for the shrimp was estimated to be s(R) = exp(15.770R–10.573)/[1+exp(15.770R–10.753)], where R is the ratio of carapace length to mesh size. From the selection curves, the carapace lengths of 50% retention were 11.6, 17.0, 23.9, and 34.1 mm for 17, 25, 35, and 50 mm mesh–size pot, respectively. It means that the pots of larger mesh size allow more shrimp of small size to escape.

본 증례는 복강경 담낭절제술 후 10년이 경과되어 발생한 총담관 결석의 예로, 결석 내 포함된 외과용 클립이 담관결석의 원인이 되었을 것으로 추정된다. 내시경으로 제거한 총 담관결석 내에 외과용 클립이 발견되어 수술시 사용한 외과용 클립이 총담관 내로 이동하여 총담관 내 결석의 핵으로 작용했을 가능성을 뒷받침한다. 담낭 절제술 후 발생한 우상 복부 통증으로 내원한 환자에서 외과용 클립에 의한 총담관 결석은 진단에 있어 고려해야 할 부분으로 생각된다. 진단은 단순복부촬영에서 우상복부에 금속성 물질이 관찰된다면 의심할 수 있겠으나, 내시경적 담췌관조영술에서 총담관 내에 음영결손과 결석 내부에 금속성 물질이 관찰될 때 가능하다. 치료는 일반적인 총담관 결석의 치료와 동일하며, 내시경을 이용한 유두괄약근 절개술 후 바스켓 및 풍선 카테터를 이용한 결석 제거가 유용하다.

The IGRINS is a near infrared high resolution spectrograph jointly developed by the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute and the University of Texas at Austin. We present design and fabrication of the optomechanical mount for the five mirrors, i.e., an input fold mirror, a slit mirror, a dichroic, and two camera fold mirrors. Based on the structure analysis and the thermal analysis of finite element methods, the optomechanical mount scheme satisfies the mechanical and the thermal design requirements given by the optical tolerance analysis. The performance of the fabricated mirror mounts has been verified through three IGRINS commissioning runs.

Many researchers have been reported recent trends for rising incidence particularly related to cancer of the tongue in young people. The purpose of this study is to exam the changes of OSCC(oral squamous cell carcinoma) incidence distribution. After Institutional Review Board approval, 1,345cases of OSCC were reviewed from 1993 to 2012 at the department of Oral Pathology at the University of Seoul National Dental Hospital with respect to gender, age, locations. As the results, the most prevalence ages were between 45-69 years old(mean:59.68). There is a noticeable incidence on the eighth decade of life. There are no changes of incidence distribution on se (male:female=69:31) at each year. The most common incidence area was tongue at 1993 but the mandible was the most popular site after 2001. Comparing the incidence rates of the predilection sites over and under 44 years old patients, among patients under 44 years old showed the tongue is the common site steadily. On the other hand, there is a significant increase on the mandible in the over 44 years old patients. In conclusion, this study showed similar results on overall sex distribution and median ages. The trends of locations over 20 years have been increased on the old adult’s mandible. Also, tongue is the common site for the young adults constantly. There are needs for further studies to elucidate the behind etiology. In addition, the true impact of young age on OSCC clinical behavior will remain difficult to determine unless intranational and multi-institutional databases will be combined.

Abnormal cab vibrations in the Y direction in commercial vehicles during driving(70~90kph) are not common vibrations that happen to vehicles during driving and can be an obstacle to normal driving. This study conducted Operation Deflection Shape(ODS) testing to identify the causes of those abnormal cab vibrations and find solutions for them and also a sine sweep test to find resonance and frequency in the cab suspension system and set directions for improvement. The study also altered the shape of the bush inner part for changes to the rigidity features of the cab bush in the Y direction and revised the design with optimal rigidity in the Y direction, thus improving abnormal cab vibrations in the Y direction during driving.

Finely-striate buccinum Buccinum striatissimum, a species of whelks, is caught mainly by pot in the eastern coastal waters of Korea. In order to determine the size selectivity of pot for the species, comparative fishing experiments were conducted near Yeongil Bay from June to September in 2003 using the dome-shaped pots with different five mesh sizes (17.1, 24.8, 35.3, 39.8, and 48.3 mm). The parameters of logistic equation were estimated by the SELECT (Share Each Length’s Catch Total) method based on a multinomial distribution. The model with the estimated split parameter was found to fit the catch data best. The master selection curve was estimated to be s (R)=exp (13.044R－16.438)/[1 + exp (13.044R－16.438)], where R is the ratio of shell height to mesh size. The relative shell height of 50% retention was 1.260, and the selection range was 0.168. Enlargement in mesh size of the pot allows more small-sized whelks to escape.

In this article, to predict the wear amount of nano particles in a worn nano composite, computational analysis pre/post-processor were developed using ABAQUS and visual basic programs. The abrasion, which is one of nano particles release scenarios, was applied in the computational analysis. Moreover, reciprocation, which is the abrasion type, was selected and incarnated in abrasion computational analysis. Also, to predict wear amount of nano composite in computational analysis, archard equation was applied and the predicted wear amount was evaluated compare with experimental value. The predicted wear amount of nano composite was increased in accordance with increasing force and was similar to result of experimental value.