Value of excellent breeding animals is important in livestock industry, but their economic life time is limited. And, many countries have been trying procuration of genetic resource in good animals. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine embryo production and to test efficiency of embryo transfer via non-surgical artificial insemination (AI) in different breed of superior sows. A total of 17 sows were used in this experiment (Duroc, n=10; Landrace, n=4; Yorkshire, n=3). The sows were artificially inseminated by semen of same breed boars. After 4 or 5 days following the AI, the embryos were obtained from the sows and then transferred to Landrace and Yorkshire recipients (n=3, respectively) by non-surgical method. The corpora lutea tended to be increased in Yorkshire and Landrace than Duroc(28 and 26 vs. 17, respectively). The recovery of embryo was 78.8% in Landrace, 65.4% in Duroc and 51.4% in Yorkshire. Duroc showed lower morulaes and early blastocyst embryos than 2, 4 ,8 and 16 cell. The morula in Yorkshire was higher (P<0.05) than that of Duroc (4.7 vs. 3.4). Similarly, the morulaes and early blastocyst embryos presented greater (P<0.05) in Landrace compared with other breed sows. The recipient sows were pregnant in a Landrace only. This reason may be due to little embryos inserted in the recipients. In addition, pregnancy results were limited because of the little sows. In conclusion, ovulated ovum in sows can be affected by different breed. Also, further study needed pregnant test by using the many embryo in each breed.

We analyzed research trend and public perception related with tap water to identify major factors affecting low consumption of tap water. 805 research articles were collected for text mining analysis and 1,000 on-line questionnaires were surveyed to find social variables influencing tap water intake. Based on the word network analysis, research topics were divided into 4 major categories, 1) drinking water quality, 2) water fluoridation, 3) residual chlorine, and 4) micro-organism management. Compared with these major research topics, scientific studies of drinking behavior, or social perception were rather limited. 22.4% of total respondents used tap water as drinking water source, and only 1% drank tap water without further treatments (i.e. boiling, filtering). Experience of quality control report (B=0.392, p=0.046) and level of policy trust (B=1.002, p<0.0001) were influential factors on tap water drinking behavior. Age (B=0.020, p=0.002) and gender (B= - 1.843, p<0.0001) also showed significant difference. To increase the frequency of drinking the tap water by social members, the more scientific information of tap water quality and the water policy management should be clearly shared with social members.

This study was performed to improve the foaming generated in the effluent of wastewater treatment plant from March 2015 to July 2016. The main cause of foaming was air entrainment by an impinging jet and the internal accumulation by the diffusion barrier. Particularly, the foam growth was most active when there is low tide and larger discharge. To solve this problem, we experimented after installing fine mesh screen and the artificial channel device with underwater discharging outlet in the treated wastewater discharge channel and the outlet, respectively. As a result, the effects of foam reduction by devices ranged 85.0~92.0% and 70.7~85.6%, respectively. In addition, the foam and the noise were easily solved, first of all look to contribute to the prevention of complaints. Our device studies were applied to a single wastewater treatment plant. However, it is considered to be able to apply in other similar cases of domestic sewage treatment plants.

In this study, the effectiveness of electrodialysis in removing inorganic arsenic from groundwater was investigated. To evaluate the feasibility of the electrodialysis, operating parameters such as treatment time, feed concentration, applied voltage and superficial velocity were experimentally investigated on arsenic removal. The higher conductivity removal and arsenic removal efficiency were obtained by increasing applied voltages and operation time. An increase of salinity concentrations in arsenic polluted groundwater exerted no effects on the arsenic separation ratios. Arsenic polluted waters were successfully treated with stack voltages of 1.8 ~ 2.4 V/cell-pair to approximately 93.4% of arsenic removal. Increase flow rate in diluate cell gave positive effect to removal rate. However, increase of superficial velocity in the concentrated cell exerted no effects on either the conductivity reduction or on the separation efficiency. Hopefully, this paper will provide direction in selecting appropriate operating conditions of electrodialysis for arsenic removal.

Ni(OH)2 hollow spheres have been prepared by solvent displacement crystallization using a micro-injection device, and the effect of process parameters such as concentration and the relative ratio of the injection speed of the precursor solution, which is an aqueous solution of NiSO4·6H2O, to isopropyl alcohol of displacement solvent have been investigated. The crystal phases after NaOH treatment are in the β-phase for all process parameters. A higher concentration of NiSO4·6H2O aqueous solution is injected by a micro-injection device and bigger Ni(OH)2 hollow spheres with a narrower particle size distribution are formed. The crystallinity and hardness of the as-obtained powder are so poor that hydrothermal treatment of the as-obtained Ni(OH)2 at 120oC for 24 h in distilled water is performed in order to greatly improve the crystallinity. It is thought that a relative ratio of the injection speed of NiSO4·6H2O to that of isopropyl alcohol of at least more than 1 is preferable to synthesize Ni(OH)2 hollow spheres. It is confirmed that this solution- based process is very effective in synthesizing ceramic hollow spheres by simple adjustment of the process parameters such as the concentration and the injection speed.

Osteochondroma is one of the most common benign tumors of the bone. Although osteochondroma is rarely seen in the facial region, it was reported that the cases occured in the mandibular region, especially around the condyle. Patients complain about malocclusion, temporomandibular disorders and facial asymmetry. The treatments of these cases include total condylectomy or local resection of the lesion. A 48-year-old man visited our hospital. His chief complaints were pain in the left temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and deviation of mandible during mouth opening. Panoramic radiograph showed an enlarged left condyle. A bony proliferation with benign sign was also observed in the computed tomography. Surgical treatment was done by removing the bony mass. Histologically, biopsy result was an osteochondroma. After surgery, there was reduced pain and normal mouth opening. Deviation of the mandible was also observed. We report a case of osteochondroma on the mandibular condyle and a review of literature about the surgical treatment.

상부 탑재형 노내계측기(TM-ICI) 개발은 원자로하부헤드 대신 원자로상부헤드로 계측기를 삽입함으로써 중대사고 위험을 줄이기 위해 진행 중이다. 이 개발 과제의 일환으로, NUREG/CR-6909와 Code Case N-761의 두 방법에 따라 TM-ICI 노즐에 대한 환경피로평가가 수행되었다. TM-ICI 노즐은 level A, level B 및 시험 조건에서의 과도조건에 따른 하중을 받는데 이에 대해 피로평가를 해야 한다. 원자로냉각재환경이 고려된 TM-ICI 노즐의 누적사용계수는 1이하로 평가되었고, 이는 ASME Code 허용기준을 만족한다.

우리 고유의 우수한 표고버섯 품종을 육성하기 위해 지리산, 오대산에서 수집한 야생균주와 기존 육성된 우 수 교배균주 및 우수 품종간에 교잡(Mono-mono, Di-mon)을 실시하였다. ‘산조110호’, FM0465의 이핵균주와 선발 일핵균주(야생균주 및 수집균주 등)의 Di-mon 교잡을 통해 A그룹 97개, B그룹 129개 균주를 선발하였 고, 선발된 교배균주를 3년간 버섯 수확량을 조사한 결과 A그룹 11개, B그룹 8개의 우수균주를 선발하였다. ‘산조302호’와 FMRI0659 등 3개의 우수 품종과의 Mono-mono 교잡을 통해 C그룹 156개, D그룹 41개, E그룹 33개 균주를 선발하였고, 선발된 교배균주를 3년간 버섯 수확량을 조사한 결과 C그룹 6개, D그룹 8개, E그 룹 1개의 우수균주를 선발하였다. ‘산조101호’와 ‘산조701호’ 등 2개의 우수 품종과의 Mono-mono 교잡을 통 해 F그룹 31개, G그룹 150개 균주를 선발하였다. 선발된 교배균주를 3년간 버섯 수확량을 조사한 결과 G그 룹 5개의 우수균주를 선발하였다. 선발된 39개 균주를 대상으로 우수성과 균일성 등 재배특성 검증을 위해 3년간 확대 검정실험 결과 A그룹에서 8D51, B그룹에서 8AD6 2개의 우수균주가 선발되었으며, 향후 임가실 증시험을 통하여 지역적합성 검증을 거친 후 우수성, 균일성 및 안정성이 확인된 균주를 품종보호출원할 예 정이다.

‘Shinseong’, a winter forage triticale cultivar (X Triticosecale Wittmack), was developed at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2015. The cultivar ‘Shinseong’ was selected from the cross RONDO/2*ERIZO_11//KISSA_4/3/ ASNO/ARDI_3//ERIZO_7 by CIMMYT (Mexico) in 1998. Subsequent generations were handled in pedigree selection programs at Mexico from 1999 to 2004, and a line ‘CTSS98Y00019S-0MXI-B-3-3-5’ was selected for earliness and good agronomic characteristics. After preliminary and advance yield testing in Korea for 3 years, the line was designated ‘Iksan47’. The line was subsequently evaluated for earliness and forage yield in seven locations, Jeju, Iksan, Cheongwon, Yesan, Gangjin, Daegu, and Jinju from 2013 to 2015 and was finally named ‘Shinseong’. Cultivar ‘Shinseong’ has the characteristics of light green leaves, yellow culm and spike, and a medium grain of brown color. The heading date of cultivar ‘Shinseong’ was April 24 which was 3 days earlier than that of check cultivar ‘Shinyoung’. The tolerance or resistance to lodging, wet injury, powdery mildew, and leaf rust of ‘Shinseong’ were similar to those of the check cultivar. The average forage dry matter yield of cultivar ‘Shinseong’ at milk-ripe stages was 15 MT ha－1, which was 3% lower than that (15.5 MT ha－1) of the check cultivar ‘Shinyoung’. The silage quality of ‘Shinseong’ (6.7%) was higher than that of the check cultivar ‘Shinyoung’ (5.9%) in crude protein content, while was similar to the check cultivar ‘Shinyoung’ in acid detergent fiber (34.6%), neutral detergent fiber (58.6%), and total digestible nutrients (61.6%). It showed grain yield of 7.2 MT ha－1 which was 25% higher than that of the check cultivar ‘Shinyoung’ (5.8 MT ha－1). This cultivar is recommended for fall sowing forage crops in areas in which average daily minimum mean temperatures in January are higher than －10℃.

This study was conducted to suggest the cause analysis and mitigation measures of foaming generated in the effluent of wastewater treatment plant. The foam generated in the outlet connected with the tidal river system was identified as structural problems. And the main cause of foaming was air entrainment by an impinging jet and the internal accumulation by the diffusion barrier. In consideration of these conditions, it present the effective ways such as micro-screen and submerged outlet, to mitigate the foaming generated in the water channel and outlet end.

In this study, the effect of energy and protein ratio on the nutrient availability and body weight gain was determined to find the proper nutrient level for the stage of replacement dairy heifers before fertilization at approximately 12~24 months old after birth. Dry matter intake showed that the TDN/CP rate of T1 (5.0:1), T2 (4.5:1) and T3 (4.0:1) resulted in similar values. Among feces, the ash content of T1 was 11.07%, which was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that of T3 (9.69%). It was also significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that of T2 (10.32%). When the TDN/CP rate was increased, the ash content in the feces was also increased. Regardless of the initial weight, weight gain was increased significantly as the CP rate in the feed was increased on the 30th day. On the 60th day, T2 showed the highest rate of gain (p < 0.05). As the TDN rate was decreased or the protein rate was increased, weight gain was significantly (p < 0.05) increased. Regarding GPT level in the blood after finishing the test, T1 and T3 (112.6, 88.3 u/l) showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher value than T2 (50.9 u/l). For phosphorus level, T1 (46.3 mg/dl) showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher value than other treatments. For HDL cholesterol level, T2 (145.2 mg/dl) had significantly (p < 0.05) higher level than T1 (121.0 mg/dl) or T3 (132.3 mg/dl). For triglyceride levels, T3 (40.6 mg/dl) had significantly (p < 0.05) higher value than T1 (20.7 mg/dl) and T2 (29.0 mg/dl). For other blood parameters including BUN concentration, there were no significant (p > 0.05) difference among treatments. As a result, although feed intake and weight gain with TDN/CP rate of 4:1 showed best results, considering the excess body fat accumulation possibilities or blood metabolism, it seems 4.5:1 ratio is most appropriate.

This study was conducted to find out the effects of Improvement of Botanical Composition Technology (IBCT) on the forage production and ecological characteristics in a Rumex acetosella-dominated hilly pasture in Pyeongchang, in a period from August 2013 to the end of growing season in October 2015. 2MT ha－1 limestone was applied in August 2013 and April 2014. Liming significantly increased soil pH from 4.69 to 5.47 and then the soil pH consistently hovered at 4.91~4.98. For every grazing time, plant height was found to be higher with the application of IBCT as compared with the control. After grazing, no significant difference in plant height was found between the IBCT group and the control. Changes in the botanical composition of grassland can be affected by a lot of circumstances, but application of IBCT decreased Rumex acetosella from 12% to 2%, while also increasing the proportion of pasture. In relation to the botanical composition of grass, orchardgrass and timothy showed the highest percentages throughout the whole study period. The proportion of Kentucky bluegrass increased over time while tall fescue steadily decreased. The totals for grazing days were 58 in 2014 and 55 in 2015. Average herbage dry matter intake was 7,848 kg ha－1 in 2014 and 6,941 kg ha－1 in 2015. Due to the application of IBCT, dry matter productivity showed a significant increase of 59% during the first grazing period in 2014 (3,437 kg ha and 5,460 kg ha in control and IBCT). In 2015, the total dry matter yield of the IBCT group was 51% greater than the control (5,742 kg ha－1 and 8,685 kg ha－1 in control and IBCT). Under acidic soil conditions, red sorrel can grow more strongly than grasses because it has better tolerance in dry and acidic conditions. Therefore, constant management is required in order to keep red sorrel from dominating the hilly pasture. In this study, the application of IBCT was able to effectively control weeds at all points. As a result, total management, including improvement of soil, overseeding, and application of selective herbicide and fertilizer, is needed to maintain excellent grassland conditions due to the limiting effects of environmental factors on grassland productivity.

본 연구는 가막만에 서식하는 중형저서동물의 계절적인 변화와 공간분포 특성을 연구하였다. 2009~2010년에 걸쳐 10개 정점에서 2월, 6월 10월에 총 6회 조사를 실시하였다. 가막만에 서식하는 중형저서동물의 군집구조, 분류군 다양 도, N/C ratio를 분석하였다. 연구기간 동안 선형동물과 저서 성 요각류의 서식밀도가 가막만의 중형저서동물 그룹중 가 장 높은 서식밀도를 나타냈다. 분류군 다양도 값은 가막만의 내만역에 비해 외해에 인접한 정점들이 높은 값을 나타냈다. N/C ratio는 각 지역별로 저서생태계의 오염을 모니터링 하 기 위한 지수인데, N/C ratio 분석결과 가막만의 내만역의 N/ C ratio 값이 외해에 인접한 정점들에 비해 높은 값을 나타내 내만역의 오염도가 상대적으로 높은 값을 나타냈다.

Recently, nanotechnology has grown as one of the leading science technology along with other converging technologies such as biology, information, medicine etc., bringing the continuous investment of the government in nano-related field. However, it is difficult to measure and evaluate the performance of the national research and development programs because of the multidimensional character of the expected outcomes. This study aims to measuring efficiency of the national nanotechnology research and development programs using DEA model. The decision making units are nine nano-related ministries including the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning. The input variables are total expenditure, number of the programs and average expenditure per program. The output variables are science, technology and economic indicator, and the combination of these outputs are respectively measured as seven different DEA cases. The Ministry of Science, ICT and Future was the first efficient ministry in total technical efficiency. Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs and the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety were efficient in pure technical efficiency, when the Ministry of Commerce Industry and Energy took the first in the scale efficiency. The program efficiency was affected by organizational characteristics such as the institution’s scale, the concentration of the research paper or the patent, technology transfer or the commercialization. The result of this study could be utilized in development of the policy in the nanotechnology and the related field. Furthermore, it could be applied for the modification of expenditure management or the adjustment of the research and development programs’ input and output scale for each ministry.

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN) has been the most essential organization in Asia. In spite of the world economic crisis, Southeast Asian countries have shown fast economic growth since 2000, and they have been actively expanding investments and trades especially with major countries. Research on competitiveness in ASEAN market has spawned an increasingly large literature, but empirical research on the determinants of Korea’s export to ASEAN is limited. The purpose of this study is to draw out the determinant of Korean fisheries export to ASEAN by carrying out a panel analysis. For achieving such a purpose, pooled OLS, Hausman Test, Fixed Effect, Random Effect are performed. The last 20 years’data over the period of 1995 to 2014 concentrated on the ASEAN 6 countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippine, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam is used in this study. Amount of aquatic products export to ASEAN is used as the dependent variable; real exchange rate, real GDP, relative price level and GDP per capita are used as the explanatory variables and FTA as dummy variable. Empirical results show that fixed-effect analysis is the best model among all the models. As the fixed effect model shows, real exchange rate, real GDP, GDP per capita and dummy variable(FTA) play positive and statistically significant roles in fisheries export to ASEAN, while price variable plays a negative and statistically significant role to the dependent variable.

도로작업구간 사고의 경우 2012년 기준으로 일반국도의 유지 보수 업무를 담당하는 국토관리사무소 관내 도로보수원은 583명으로, 작업중 사상자는 27명으로 보고되어 도로보수원의 약 5%가 사망사거나 부상을 당 하는 것으로 분석되었으며, 이는 고위험군으로 분류되는 소방공무원 직종의 사상자 비율(0.97%)보다 높다. 주요 간선도로망 구축이 마무리되는 가운데, 도로정책은 혼잡해소를 위한 ʻ운영･관리ʼ 중심으로 변화할 것으로 전망(일반국도 보수 예산배정 예: ʻ14년 531백만원에서ʼ 15년 923백만원으로 170% 증가)된다. 따라 서 지속적인 공사장 증가가 예상되며 장기공사보다는 단기 및 이동공사장 빈도증가가 예상된다. 도로 공사구간 임시 교통통제시설 중 임시 울타리(국토교통부, 도로공사장 교통관리지침)는 차량유도 기 능과 작업활동구역으로 일반차량이 진입하는 것을 막기 위한 시설로, 종방향의 차량 충돌에 대해서는 작업 장보호를 위한 충돌 안전거리가 명시되어 있으나 횡방향의 충돌에 대해서는 방호기준이 없는 실정이다. 따라서 공사장 작업인부 등을 보호하기 위한 구조적인 강도성능 등을 포함한 국토교통부에서 정한 차 량방호 안전시설(국토교통부, 차량방호 안전시설 설치 및 관리지침)로써의 기능을 갖춘 방호시설 마련이 필요하다. 특히 단기･이동 공사 빈도증가에 대응한 작업성(설치용이성) 측면에서 공사구간 노면에 매설하 거나 부착하는 시설보다는 차량기반의 이동식 방호울타리 설치가 유리하다. 본 연구는 단기･이동공사에 특히 효과가 기대되는 공사장용 이동식 방호울타리를 개발하는 것을 목표 로 수행중이며, 단순히 작업성뿐만 아니라 횡방향 진입차량 방호를 위한 강도성능을 갖춘 방호울타리를 개발하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 이동식 방호울타리는 국내 자동차 기준을 감안하여 이동시에는 자동차기준 에 부합된 길이로 운행하고 공사장에 설치시는 길이가 확장되어 차량방호 기능을 할 수 있도록 하였다. 이동식 방호울타리는 기구학적 메커니즘에 따라 블록굴절형과 텔레스코핑형으로 구분하였다. 블록굴절형 은 접이식 구조로 도로운행시에는 접혀져 있다가 공사장에서는 펼치는 형식이다. 텔레스코핑은 망원경 구조 로 도로운행시에는 단위체들이 겹쳐있다가 공사장에서는 펼치는 형식이다. 본 연구는 한국건설기술연구원 에서 이론 및 개념설계를 담당하고 기구학적 구동메커니즘 검토 및 시작품 제작을 담당하여 수행하고 있다. 현재 개념설계를 반영한 기구학적 설계 및 시작품 제작 단계에 있으며 유한요소 해석프로그램을 이용 하여 차량방호 성능기준(국토교통부, 차량방호 안전시설 설치 및 관리지침) 만족여부를 검토하고 실물차 량 충돌시험을 시행할 계획으로 있다. 다만, 도로변에 통상적으로 설치되는 방호울타리(가드레일 등)와는 설치장소에 차이가 있고, 공사장에 설치되는 임시적인 시설이라는 관점을 감안하여 도로변 방호울타리와 는 충돌환경적 차이에 대한 고려가 필요하다고 판단하여 이에 대한 기술검토를 병행하고 있다.

국내 도로에 적용중인 포장상태지수는 도로관리 기관별로 각자의 목적에 맞도록 지표를 개발하여 사용 중이다. 국도의 NHPCI(National Highway Pavement Condition Index), 고속도로의 HPCI(Highway Pavement Condition Index), 그리고 서울시의 SPI(Seoul Pavement Index)는 각기 다양한 상태의 포장 구간을 선정하고, 구간에 대한 여러 전문가들의 평가를 수렴하기 위해 포장 관리실무자와 산·학·연의 포장 전문가들에 의해 도출되었다는 점에서는 동일하다(서영찬 외, 2008; 조병완 외, 2001; 한국도로공 사, 2013). 그러나 HPCI와 NHPCI는 패널 평가(Panel Rating)와 포장상태 조사결과를 회귀분석하여 모 델식이 개발된 반면, SPI는 일본의 포장상태 지수인 MCI(Maintenance Control Index)를 기본 모델로 사용하고 이를 패널들의 토의를 통해 계수를 수정하는 방식으로 개발되었다는 점에서 차이를 보인다. 이러한 지수들은 도로의 등급에 따라 각각의 목적에 맞는 평가지표로서 작용하는데, 국가전체 차원에 서 보면 도로의 등급에 관계없이 전체도로의 포장상태를 파악하는 것이 필요하다. 즉, 각각의 지수들은 각각의 목적에 맞게 운영하되 상관관계 분석을 통해 다양한 지수들을 하나의 통일된 지표로 나타냄으로서 전체적인 상태파악 및 예산 및 자원분배가 용이하도록 하고 도로이용자 및 관리자 간의 의사소통 수단으 로 사용될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 국도 모니터링 시스템(그림 1 참조)의 데이터베이스를 활용하여 동일한 구간에 대해 각 지수를 산출하였다. 국도 모니터링 시스템은 전국의 도로망에서 무작위로 대표구간을 추출(Random Sampling)하여 매년 포장상태 조사를 통해 국도 전체의 포장상태 변화 추이를 감시하는 기능을 하고 있 다. 이를 통해 수집된 자료는 도로관리 정책에 반영되며 네트워크 레벨에서의 포장관리체계(PMS)의 운영 이 가능하도록 데이터베이스를 구축하는데 기여하고 있다(서영찬 외, 2008). 이러한 자료를 통한 분석으 로 국내 실정을 반영한 지수 간 비교가 이루어지도록 하였고 그 결과, 그림 2와 같은 상관관계 분석을 통 해 관계식을 도출하였다.