Glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is a rare odontogenic cyst, which shows cystic structures lined by stratified squamous epithelium with various thickness. Glandular duct-like spaces lined by eosinophilic cuboidal or columnar cells constitute the epithelial surface. The purpose of this study was to present 7 cases of GOC retrieved from the files of the Department of Oral Pathology, Seoul National University Dental Hospital and to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of cytokeratins (CKs) in the epithelial components. A total of 7 GOCs were reviewed clinically and radiographically and immunostainning for CK 5, 7, 14, 18 and CK-pan were performed. There were five males and two females aged from 36 to 53 years (mean 45 years). Maxilla was more affected than mandibles (6:1). Radiographically, all cases showed multilocular radiolucencies with well-defined borders. Histologically, lining epithelium of GOC was composed of nonkeratinized stratified epithelial cells with focal plaque-like or whirl pool-like thickenings. Surface epithelial layer contained eosinophilic cuboidal cells or mucous cells. Mucin pools of microcystic areas was also detected in the epithelium. Immunohistochemical study demonstrated that epithelium of GOCs was positively reactive for CK 5 7, 14 and CK-pan with a slight variation in their patterns and there was no reaction for CK 18.

Usually, bacterial spores are hundreds or thousands of times more resistant to chemical sanitizers than are vegetable bacteria. Consequently, it is hard to assess whether a commercial sterilant, containing hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid as ingredients, has or does not have sporicidal activity under certain conditions using the National Standard Test Method for assessing bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Hence we established alternative the standard test method and requirements to determine whether they are effective in showing at least reduction of 103 in the number of Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 spores under the required test condition for evaluation of sporicidal activity including verification methodology. This standardized method has proved to be suitable for evaluating effectiveness of commercial sterilants and could be used as Standardization Test Method for assessing sporicidal activity.

Adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) is a rare malignant epithelial tumor in the oral cavity. It is regarded as a variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) because ASC originates from the surface epithelium, has similar clinical features, and includes SCC portion which is histologically identical to the traditional form. This case report deals with two cases of ASC occurring in the oral mucosa of old male patients. Both case has tubular structures lined by cuboidal, basaloid, or small round cells under the conventional SCC component, which was reminiscent of the glandular differentiation of adenocarcinoma. On immunohistochemical studies, the glandular component of ASC showed positivity to CK-pan, CK7 and HMWCK, while the dysplastic squamous cells exhibited negativity to CK7. Accordingly, CK7 as well as morphological findings can lead towards differentiating ASC from other variants with gland-like structures, such as basaloid squamous cell carcinoma and adenoid squamous cell carcinoma.

In order to cope with risk issues of overseas on 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (4,4'-MDA) known to used in the production of polyamide resins, we investigated on 4,4'-MDA migration from plastic cooking utensils. 93 samples of plastic cooking utensils were collected from the retail markets in 7 major cities of Korea during March to June, 2007 and 4,4'-MDA levels migrated to food simulants, water, 4% acetic acid, 20% ethanol and n-heptane, on plastic cooking utensils was quantified by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). 4,4'- MDA was detected in 14 samples, and the levels of 4,4'-MDA migrated to food simulants were in the range of 0.001 ~ 0.026 ppm. Among them, the 4,4'-MDA migration amounts of 2 samples were above 0.01 ppm defined by the EU.

Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) is uncommon, low-grade malignant epithelial neoplasm, and composed of ductal and large, clear-staining myoepithelial differentiated cells. we found four cases of EMC patients among those who visited the dental hospital of Seoul National University from 1998 to 2008. Immunohistochemical staining with epithelial and myoepithelial marker was done to verify the characteristic biphasic cell population. In our cases, the mean age of the patients was 61.5 years, which is consistent with previous reports. However, all the patients were female, and submandibular glands were the most affected sites. This is different from other reports that parotid gland was the most affected sites. There was recurrence and metastasis to lung in one out of four cases.

Zygomycosis and aspergillosis are representative filamentous fungal infections in the sinonasal region. However, their combined form seldom occurs. This report describes one case of zygomycosis and aspergillosis occurring in a patient that did not have diabetes or any other immunocompromising conditions. The patient presented with a history of intermittent swelling and pus discharge from the gingiva of the right maxillary posterior teeth. The radiographs demonstrated a periapical radiolucency around the right maxillary first molar, together with mild haziness and mucosal thickening of the right maxillary sinus. U nder t he c linical impression o f odontogenic sinusitis, a Caldwell-Luc operation was performed. However, the final diagnosis based on microscopic examination was combined zygomycosis and aspergillosis. Previous studies of zygomycosis occurring alone describe a very aggressive clinical course, including necrosis of tissue,cranial nerve involvement and death. Our patient did not show any of these symptoms, and recovered after surgical debridement only. It can be concluded from the present case that the prognosis of fungal infections depends on the immune status of the host, rather than behavior of the fungi.

현재 미국 및 유럽에서 공정시험법중 하나로 인정되고 있는 표면시험법을 사용하여 유기물과 함께 또는 유기물없이 세균만 건조된 식품접촉 표면에 서의 살균소독제 유효성에 대한 정보를 제공하고자 식품접촉표면으로 사용되는 스테인리스, 폴리프로필렌 및 실리콘에 Escherochia coli ATCC 10536 또는 Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538을 접종하고 살균소독제로서 염화벤잘코늄, 차아염소산나트륨 또는 에탄올을 20 ℃에서 5분간 처리하였다. 그 결과, 각 표면의 종류는 살균소독제의 유효성에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았으며, 200 ppm 농도의 염화벤잘코늄 및 차아염소산나트륨은 유기물질이 존재할 경우 생균수를 4 cfu log10/carrier 이상 감소시키지 못하였으나, 40% 에탄올은 생균수를 4 cfu log10/carrier 이상 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다.

The levels of sulfites in wooden chopsticks were analyzed using two different methods, distillation- alkali titration and ion chromatography. According to the two methods, Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) was validated by 0.6 and 0.2 μg/ml of limit of detection (LOD), 1.8 and 0.5 μg/ml of limit of quantification, (LOQ) and a R² > 0.998 for linearity, respectively. The recoveries of SO₂ from food simulants spiked ar levels of 100 ppm were 70.2-100.2%. 158 samples of wooden chopsticks were monitored the migrated amounts of sulfites. Sulfites were detected in 30 samples in ranged of 0.6 to 15.5 ppm. Maximum migration level, 15.5 ppm of sulfites was considered giving no harmful effect to human since it was reached 5.5% of estimated SML.

The support mechanisms that are involved in lymph node metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma remain largely unknown. Recent studies have demonstrated that tumor cells express chemokine receptors and use chemokines to metastasize to the target organ in many malignancies in humans There are few reports about the correlation between chemokin receptor CXCR-4 expression and clinicopathologic factors in oral squamous cell carcinomas. The object of this study was to evaluate the availabili ty of CXCR-4 expression as prognostic marker through correlation analysis of CXCR-4 expression in oral sq uamous cell carcinoma and its r elation to clinocopathologic factors and PCNA index. 80 we investigated CXCR-4 expression of 74 oral squamous cell carcinomas by immunohistochemistry. 44 out of 74 cases(59. 5%) showed CXCH-4 positive and 30 sampl es(40.5%) showed CXCH-4 negative. CXCH-4 expression showed statistically sig nificant correlation wi th lymph node metastasis(p=0.026) ‘ PCNA index (p=0.003) , survial rate(p=0.0003). From the results , it was suggested CXCR-4 oxpression might be useful a prognostic marker in oral squamous cell carClllomas

보존료인 소르빈산 및 소르빈산칼륨, 안식향산 및 그 염류, 파라옥시안식향산에스테르류를 중심으로 식품첨가물의 일일추정섭취량을 평가하는 새로운 방법으로서 설문조사법을 제시하여 일일추정섭취량을 구하였을 때 조사한 보존료 모두 일일섭취허용량(ADI)의 1%미만으로 매우 안전한 수준이였다. 기존에 수행된 최대허용량을 이용한 단순추정방법 및 실제 분석치를 이용한 정밀추정방법과 비교·평가하였을 때, 설문조사법에 의한 총 일일추정섭취량은 소르빈산염류의 경우 0.39 ㎎/㎏ bw/day로 실제 분석치를 이용한 정밀조사방법에 의한 값인 0.22㎎/㎏ bw/day보다 높았으나 최대허용량을 이용한 방법에 의한 값인 1.39 ㎎/㎏ bw/day보다는 훨씬 낮았다. 또한 안식향산염류와 파라옥시안식향산에스테르의 경우도 설문조사가 0.29㎎/㎏ bw/day, 0.03㎎/㎏ bw/day으로 정밀추정방법보다는 높게 나타났으나 단순추정방법인 최대허용량을 이용한 방법보다는 훨씬 낮은 값으로 정밀추정방법에 의한 값에 가까운 결과를 보였다. 따라서 설문조사법을 간편하고 경제적이면서 섭취량을 정밀하게 추정할 수 있는 식품첨가물 섭취량 평가의 방법으로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

A study has been performed to estimate the average and high (90th percentile of consumers-only) daily intakes of sorbates by age-sex groups (＞ 3 years old) in Korea. The estimation of daily intakes was based on individual-based dietary intake data in `National Health and Nutrition Survey in 1998' and the contents of sorbates from samples. The estimated daily intakes (EDI) of sorbates for average consumers ranged from 0.09 mg/kg bw/day to 0.51 mg/kg bw/day corresponding to 0.4-2.1% of acceptable daily intake (ADI). For high consumers, the range of EDI of sorbates was 3.42-14.65 mg/kg bw/day corresponding to 13.7-58.6% of ADI. Foods that contributed most to the daily intakes of sorbates for all age-sex groups were processed fish products, processed meat products, and salted foods. There was an inverse relationship between age and the consumption of sorbates for average and high consumers, whereas no marked pattern was emerged by sex categories. The intake levels of sorbates even among high consumers were below the ADI in Korea.

A study has been carried out to estimate the average daily intakes of sorbates, benzoates, and esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid commonly used in Korea. The estimation of daily intakes was based on individual dietary intakes in $quot;National Health and Nutrition Survey in 1998$quot; and the the contents of preservatives from 264 samples. Estimated daily intakes(EDI) of sorbates, benzoates, esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid were 0.22, 0.015, and 0.004 mg/kg bw/day, respectively. When assuming the standard body weight of 55 kg for Korean, ratios to acceptable daily intake(ADI) of sorbates, benzoates, and esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid were 0.88, 0.30, and 0.04%, respectively.

Daily intakes of 14 preservatives were evaluated by using their maximum permitted levels(MPL) and national food disappearance data in 1998. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of each preservatives were compared with corresponding acceptable daily intakes (ADIs). EDIs of dehydroacetic acid, sodium dehydroacetate, p-hydrobenzoic acid ester, propionic acid, sodium propionate and calcium propionate were leas than 2% of ADI and judged to be safe. However, EDI of sorbic acid and potassium sorbate were 76.61 mg/person/day and it reached 5% of its ADI. EDI of benzoic acid and sodium benzoate were 85.65 mg/person/day and it reached 31% of its ADI. The highest intake of benzoic acid came from carbonated drink.