Nutritional composition and physicochemical properties changes in mustard leaf kimchi were investigated during fermentation of up to 3 months. The pH decreased, and the titratable acidity gradually increased according to increase of fermentation periods. Fructose and glucose were the major free sugars in mustard leaf kimchi, and their amounts were significantly decreased with fermentation periods (p<0.05). Lactic acid content showed a significant increase with maximum increase at 3 months. All types of kimchi contained 20 amino acids, but the content of most amino acid fluctuated during fermentation. Except for K and Zn, the content of other ingredients including Ca, Fe, Mg, Na, Se were the highest in kimchi fermented for 2 months. The unsaturated fatty acid of mustard leaf kimchi was higher than that of saturated fatty acid, and total fatty acid of kimchi significantly decreased after 2 months (p<0.05). Most vitamin contents showed a tendency to decrease with fermentation, in particular, vitamin B complex except for B2 significantly decreased after 3 months (p<0.05). The results provide fundamental data for determining the appropriate fermentation period to improve the quality of kimchi.

The aim of this paper is to consider the effect of the manufacturing processes on corrosion and centerline cracking of ancient bronze spoons. The ancient bronze spoons in question were made by several steps of forging, in reheated condition with cast ingots. The manufacturing method is similar to that of the modern spoons. The investigations include observations from light and scanning electron microscopes of the microstructure in terms of the crack propagation. Cracks in the centerline are caused by solute segregation in the center-line region; this solute is solidified in the final stage of bronze spoon manufacture. Centerline cracking is also caused by α phase segregation, accompanied by forged overlapping along the longitudinal direction of the spoons. A vertical stripe with cracks along the centerline of the spoon’s width is formed by folding in the wrought process. The overlapping area causes crack propagation with severe corrosion on the spoon surfaces over a period of a thousand years. The failure mechanisms of ancient bronze spoons may be similar to that of modern spoons, and the estimation of the failure mechanisms of ancient spoons can be appropriate to determine failure causes for such modern spoons.

장수풍뎅이(Allomyrina dichotoma Linnaeus)는 흰점박이꽃무지와 함께 최근에 한시적 식품원료로 승인된 곤충으로 사육의 규모가 확대 될 것으로 전망되며, 사육 시 먹이원인 참나무발효톱밥의 수요도 증가 될 것으로 예측된다. 따라서 유충먹이 구입 시 경제적 비용절감과 버섯재배 농가의 부산물활용에 따른 신 소득창출을 모색하고자 버섯 수확 후 배지를 이용하여 장수풍뎅이 유충을 차신고, 잎새, 표고, 산느타리버섯 수확 후 배지로 실내사육(온도 25℃, 습도 65%, 광 16L:8D)을 실시하였다. 장수풍뎅이 유충을 사육하며 체중의 변화를 조사한 결과, 표고 수확 후 배지에서는 23.3g의 높은 체중 증가율을 보인반면 차신고 수확 후 배지에서 13.5g으로 낮은 증가율을 보였다. 잎새, 산느타리 수확 후 배지 및 참나무 발효톱밥을 단독 또는 혼합하여 사육 시 참나무 발효톱밥 대비 산느타리 수확 후 배지 단독처리구에서만 가장 낮은 체중 증가를 보였고, 사육 중 사충율도 산느타리 수확 후 배지가 포함된 처리구에서 높게 나타났으며, 잎새버섯 수확 후 배지에서는 체중의 증가와 사충율에 있어서 양호한 결과를 보였다.

The black raspberry (Rubus coreanus Miquel) contains anthocyanin, tannins, gallotannin, gallic acid, ferulic acid and phenolics. It brightens the eyes and protects the liver and kidneys. It was effective for anti-aging. Thus, the purpose of this study was to inform the excellence of black raspberry and to screen antioxidant activity to ensure the possibility as a functional material. In this study, bioactive compounds in black raspberry were determined. Additionally, black raspberry was extracted by CM (chloroform:methanol, 2:1, v/v), 70% methanol and 70% ethanol, and were investigated and compared in vitro methods. Total phenol and flavonoid contents were measured to compare each different solvents. In addition, DPPH radical scavenging activity and ABTS radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, reducing power were determined to measure the antioxidant activity. The results were the highest in 70% ethanol extracts, and the higher the concentration showed a significantly higher antioxidant capacity. When observed the relationship between the study, antioxidant activity of black raspberry was supposed to affect by the anthocyanin, phenol and flavonoid contents.

The distribution of eggs and larvae of mackerel, Scomber japonicus was examined in the coast of Jeju island, Korea in spring from April to May in 2013 and May to June in 2014. In the monthly variations of mean abundances, as a whole, mackerel eggs were observed abundantly in April, 2013, and mackerel larvae were observed abundantly in June, 2014. Especially, high densities over 5,000 ind./1,000 m3 of mean eggs abundances were observed in the eastern part of Jeju Island where is water temperature was over 18℃. It can be inferred that these areas were major spawning grounds of mackerel around Jeju island, and that it may be caused by influences of the Tsushima warm current.

최근 소비자들의 소비패턴 변화로 친환경 농산물 요구도가 급증하여 친환경 농산물 시장규모가 2020년에는 6.6조원(한국농 촌경제연구원)으로 확대 될 것으로 예상된다. 친환경 농산물을 생산하기 위해서는 무엇보다 병해충이 친환경적으로 관리되어 야 하며 그 방안의 하나로 천적을 이용한 해충의 방제는 필수적이나 천적만을 이용한 관리방법은 그 효율이 낮을 수밖에 없다. 따라서 천적과 활용 가능한 저독성 약제 및 친환경자재를 포함한 종합적인 관리방안이 필요하다. 국내에서 토마토는 100% 시설재배가 이루어지고 있으며 `13년 6,054ha였던 재배면적이 `14년 7,070ha로 16%나 증가되고 있고 강원도에서는 860ha가 재배되고 있는 작물이다. 이러한 시설토마토의 주요해충 발생양상과 천적을 활용한 방제시기를 설정하기 위해 `15년 춘천지역의 3개 농가에서 반촉성재배(2월~6월)와 억제재배(7월~12월)시기에 주요해충 발생과 천적을 투입효과 등을 조사하였다. 시설토마토 해충조사 결과 온실가루이, 총채벌레, 아메리카잎굴파리가 주요해충으로 조사되었으며, 온실가루이의 경우 육안조사보다 끈끈이트랩 (노란색10×25cm)을 이용한 예찰이 효과적이었고 억제재배 시기에 온실가루이좀벌을 9월 상순부터 1주 간격 2회와 10월 상순 1주 간격 4회 방사를 하여 밀도가 증가 되는 것을 억제 할 수 있었다. 총채벌레의 경우도 끈끈이트랩(청색10×25cm)을 이용한 예찰이 효과적이었으며 발생량이 적어 미끌애꽃노린재를 9월 상순에 1회 방사만으로 밀도를 억제 할 수 있었다. 아메리카잎굴파리는 일부 농가에서만 8월 중순부터 피해엽이 발생하기 시작하였으며 굴파리좀벌을 9월 상순과 10월 중순 2회 방사로 밀도를 억제 할 수 있었다.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of moisture content on the physical and chemical characteristics of Italian ryegrass cube. Cube quality according to moisture contents (15, 20, 25, and 30%) was determined. Cubes made with 15 to 20% moisture showed a little cracks. But, the amount of powder generate from these cubes were lower by 10 to 16% compared to other cubes made with 25 to 30% moisture contents. The highest hardness at 159 kg/f was obtained when the cube was made with 15% moisture content and the lowest was 70 kg/f when the cube was made with 30% moisture content. The electrical loading and surface temperature were increased when moisture content was decreased. The chemical compositions of cube were differ from those of raw materials. Crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) contents were increased after cubing works. However, crude fiber (CF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents were decreased after cubing. The crude ash content was not significantly (p > 0.05) different between raw material and cube. Higher moisture content resulted in higher crude protein content. However, crude fiber and crude ash content were not significantly (p > 0.05) different between each other. The contents of ADF and NDF were the lowest in cubes made with 30% moisture content. Our results suggest that the proper moisture content of Italian ryegrass cubing is recommended to be 15 to 20% and that cubing works should help increase forage quality.

In this paper, the results of evaluating the passenger comfort due to the standard deviation of acceleration in vertical and lateral direction regarding the ship response in irregular wave by ordinary strip method in regular wave and energy spectrum using linear superposition theory in order to evaluate the motion of experimental ship are as follows. According to the results of ship response, it was possible to find that, in order to reduce the motion of ship, a ship operating in bow sea was more stable than in quartering sea. In the results of analyzing the standard deviation of acceleration in vertical direction according to each component wave pattern, when there was a wave length of 56m and an average wave period of 6 sec, most of cases showed the peak value. And among them, the standard deviation was 0.35 which was the highest in head sea. And in case of lateral direction, the maximum value was shown in a wave length of 100m and an average wave period of 8 sec. And it was 0.16 in beam sea and χ = 150°. In the evaluation of passenger comfort due to standard acceleration in vertical and lateral direction, it was 80% in head and bow sea. On the other hand, it was shown to be 15% in follow sea. Accordingly, when the expected wave height in a sea area where a training ship was intended to operate was known, it was possible to predict the routing of ship. And altering her course could reduce the passenger comfort by approximately 50%.

Deoksugung Palace Art Museum was built in 1938 as the first professional art museum in Korea. In 2015, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage published a book on architectural drawings of this building. This book, called Architectural Drawings of the Deoksugung Palace Art Museum, consists of 646 sheets, 23 types of documents, as well as other historical letters. This paper focuses on the analysis of the characteristics of classicism in Architectural Drawings. It shows that every dimensions of drawings were controled by 3 partition composition through the analysis of architectural plan drawings, elevation drawings and even section drawings. Thus, Classicism for the museum is not about classical elements but the principle of composition of each elements for the construction. This paper further argues that Deoksugung Palace Art Museum exemplifies beautiful Classicism architecture which follows the principle of classical architectural composition.

본 연구는 오대산국립공원 신성암에서 중대사 구간을 대상으로 식물군집구조를 밝히고 향후 전나무림 관리를 위한 기초자료를 구축하고자 하였다. 조사구는 총 20개 조사구(400㎡)를 설정하였다. 연구대상지 주변지역에 대한 현존식생 현황을 파악하였고, 군집분류는 TWINSPAN에 의한 classification과 DCA에 의한 ordination 분석을 하였으며, 식물군 집구조 분석은 상대우점치, 흉고직경급별 분포, 표본목 수령 및 생장량, 종다양도 분석 등을 실시하였다. 현존식생 유형은 총 14개 유형으로 구분되었으며, 해발고가 낮은 계곡부에는 전나무-신갈나무림과 낙엽활엽수림이, 해발고가 높은 사면부에는 신갈나무림이 주요 식생이었다. 군집분류 결과, 총 네 개의 군집으로 분류되었으며, 교목층에서는 네 개의 군집 모두 전나무가 우점하였고, 군집 Ⅳ를 제외한 3개 군집에서 전나무가 차대를 형성하고 있었다. 군집 Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ의 경우 전나무가 우점하는 현재의 군집이 지속적으로 유지되면서, 까치박달 등 낙엽활엽수의 세력이 확장될 것으로 판단되며, 군집 Ⅳ의 경우 장기적으로 전나무의 세력약화와 까치박달-낙엽활엽수 군집으로의 변화가 예상되었 다. 전나무는 79~128년생, 잣나무는 75~87년생, 느릅나무는 190년생이었으며, 전나무의 생장은 시간이 지남에 따라 다소 둔화되었다. Shannon의 종다양도지수는 0.3889~1.3332이었다.

본 연구는 당근 재배지에서 녹비작물의 토양환원 효과를 구명하기 위해 수단그라스 및 크로타라리아 의 토양환원이 당근의 생육, 수량 및 품질향상에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 당근 재배를 위한 처리조 건은 무처리구, NPK처리구(N-P2O5-K2O= 20-9.6-12.2kg 10a-1), 크로타라리아(파종량 6kg 10a-1), 수단그라스(파종량 6kg 10a-1) 및 수단글라스 + 크로타라리아(파종량 3+3kg 10a-1)의 5개 처리구로 시 험하였다. 당근재배지에서 전작물로 재배된 녹비작물의 질소(N), 인(P2O5), 칼륨(K2O), 칼슘(CaO) 및 마그네슘(MgO) 공급량은 크로타라리아의 경우 각각 9.2, 9.8, 7.4, 12.9 및 2.5kg 10a-1이었고, 수단그 라스의 경우 각각 8.7, 8.9, 45.7, 5.2 및 2.8kg 10a-1이었으며, 혼합처리구(수단그라스 + 크로타라리 아)의 경우 각각 8.8, 9.9, 29.5, 2.6 및 1.7kg 10a-1이었다. 당근 재배지에서 녹비작물의 토양환원 후 토양의 이화학적 특성을 조사한 결과 녹비작물 처리구가 대조구에 비해 용적밀도는 약간 감소하였으며, 공극율은 용적밀도와는 달리 약간 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 토양내 유기물, T-N 및 유효 P2O5 함량은 녹비작물 처리구가 전반적으로 대조구에 비해 증가하였다. 당근의 품질을 나타내는 클로로필, 당도 및 β-카로티노이드 함량은 모두 크로타라리아 처리구에서 가장 높았으며, 대조구에서 가장 낮은 함량을 보였다. 당근의 장해율은 녹비작물 처리구가 대조구에 비해 감소하는 경향이었고, 당근의 상품수량은 크로타라리아 + 수단그라스 혼합처리구(3,530kg 10a-1)가 대조구(2,101kg 10a-1)에 비해 68%의 증수효 과를 보였다. 따라서 당근 재배지에서 수단그라스 + 크로타라리아 혼합처리는 화학비료의 절감효과가 있으며, 특히 토양환원 후 토양의 물리성 및 화학성을 개선함으로써 당근의 상품수량 및 품질향상을 증 대시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.