병원성대장균은 설사 및 장염의 원인균 중 하나이며, 가 장 흔한 기회감염의 병원체로서 내성에 대한 지표로도 사 용되고 있는 병원체이다. 2022년부터 2024년까지 경상남 도 내 식중독 환자로부터 분리된 병원성대장균의 병원성 유형, 독성 유전자, 항생제 내성 및 내성 유전자 등 발생 경향과 분자유전학적 특성을 조사하였다. 병원성 대장균 은 월별로 6월부터 8월까지, 연령대별로 20-29세 환자에게서 가장 많이 분리된 것으로 나타났다. 분리된 총 283 건의 병원성대장균은 장병원성대장균(EPEC)(118건 [43.7%]), 장독소형대장균(ETEC)(80건 [28.3%]), 장출혈성대장균 (EAEC)(73건 [25.8%]), 장출혈성대장균(EHEC)(11건 [3.9%]) 으로 분류됐다. 암피실린(57.6%)과 세파졸린(39.3%)에 대 한 내성이 가장 높았으며, 내성균주의 다제내성률은 4제 항생제에 대한 내성균주(42.6%)가 가장 많은 것으로 확인 되었다. 내성 유전자의 분포는 blaCTX-M(48.9%), blaTEM (24.9%) 순으로 확인되었고, blaOXA는 검출되지 않았다. 이러한 연구 결과는 병원성 대장균으로 인한 식중독 발생 을 예측하고, 내성균 확산을 예방하기 위한 공중 보건 관 리의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

This study examined the influence of multiple factors—particularly occupant presence and air purifier operation—on indoor PM2.5 concentrations across 104 households in the Seoul metropolitan area. Both indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations were continuously monitored and integrated with time-specific survey data to analyze spatial and temporal patterns of indoor exposure. Results showed that occupant presence significantly elevated indoor PM2.5 concentrations, especially during periods of high activity (08:00~15:00 and 18:00~20:00). The indoor/outdoor (I/ O) concentration ratio was also significantly higher during these periods, indicating that occupant activities were a major contributor to indoor PM2.5 concentrations. Air purifier use was found to be associated with a consistent reduction in indoor PM2.5 concentrations, regardless of occupancy status. Notably, the I/O ratio also decreased when air purifiers were in operation, demonstrating their effectiveness in controlling both indoor emissions and the infiltration of outdoor pollutants. These findings provide empirical evidence of the multifactorial dynamics governing indoor PM2.5 exposure and highlight the importance of occupant-centered and time-specific strategies for effective residential air quality management.

조리과정 중 발생하는 조리흄은 국제암연구소(IARC)에서 발암물질 2A로 규정하고 있다. 조리흄에 노출된 학교 조리 종사원들의 폐암과 같은 업무상 질병이 산업재해로 인정됨에 따라 학교 급식실 안전보건관리를 강화할 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 연구는 급식조리실 환기실태 조사 및 조리작업 시 행동과 전산유체역학(CFD)를 통하여 튀김 조리작업 시 발생하는 조리흄이 호흡기를 통해 흡입되는 경계구역을 확인하고, 호흡기를 통해 흡입되 는 조리흄에 노출을 최소화하기 위한 시사점을 제시하고자 한다. 돈가스 튀김 조리 시 발생하는 조리흄의 기류를 확인하기 위하여 튀김 솥 캐노피 후드의 개구면 풍속, 필터 면풍속 측정과 후드 범위 내에서 상체를 숙이고 작업하는 자세에서 호흡기를 통해 흡입되 는 조리흄의 분진 포집량과 후드의 제어풍속을 확인하였다. 측정한 결과와 튀김 후드의 구역설정을 통한 전산유체역학(CFD) 연구 결과, 튀김 조리 시 발생하는 조리흄은 캐노피 후드로 배기 되거나 튀김 솥의 열량에 의해 조리실 내부로 확산 분포되고 있었다. 특히, 후드 범위 내에서 작업하는 조리 종사원의 코 높이 영역에서의 조리흄 농도는 튀김 솥의 중앙에서 최대치로 나타났으며, 중심에서 멀어질수록 외기에 희석되어 낮은 농도를 확인 하였다. 전문가 FGI를 통해 조리흄의 유해성 인식과 관리방안에 대한 의견을 수렴하여 조리실 안전보건관리를 위한 시사점을 제시하였다. 본 연구를 통해 학교 조리 종사원들이 조리흄에 노출을 최소화 할 수 있는 시사점을 제시하여 산업재해 취약계층인 조리 종사원 의 산업재해 예방과 학교의 ESG관리강화에 기여하고자 한다.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and implement a multi-patient simulation (MPS) program for nursing students with no prior clinical practice experience. It also examined the effects of the program on the students’ communication competence and clinical reasoning ability. Methods: A one-group pretest-posttest design was used. The MPS program, consisting of four patient scenarios was applied to second-year nursing students with no prior clinical practice experience. Communication competence, clinical reasoning ability, and the perceived effectiveness of the multi-patient simulation program were measured using structured tools before and after the program. Results: Communication competence significantly improved after the MPS program, whereas clinical reasoning did not show a statistically significant difference. Perceived effectiveness of the MPS program was generally high, with the debriefing component scoring the highest. Confidence scores were relatively low, suggesting the need for level-appropriate scenario. Conclusion: The MPS program was effectively enhanced communication competence among preclinical nursing students. Although clinical reasoning scores did not improve significantly, the study highlights the importance of introducing realistic simulation experiences early in nursing education. Future research should focus on developing suitable clinical reasoning assessment tools for early year students and conducting randomized controlled trials to validate the effectiveness of customized MPS programs.

This study evaluated changes in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and aerosol particle concentrations following the use of certain spray-type household chemical products in an indoor environment. Four commercially available products in South Korea (including sticker/tar removers, a razor cleaner, and a fabric stain remover) were analyzed using real-time VOC monitoring with proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) and particle number concentration measurement with an Optical Particle Sizer. Immediately after spraying 17 grams of each product, VOC concentrations increased sharply, and hazardous substances such as benzene, 1,3-butadiene, formaldehyde, and acrolein remained at elevated levels for a certain period. Additionally, some products exhibited benzene concentrations exceeding levels of potential exposure concern, and the operation of an air purifier reduced VOC levels by 73%. This research provides insight into changes in indoor air quality and associated exposure risks due to household chemical use, and it may serve as a basis for future air quality management and regulatory standards.

Digital restoration of non-verbal expressions is difficult to trust unless the documentation. The purpose of this study is a new documentation methodology that can intuitively confirm the basis for restoration. The technical method utilized the BIM program function by referring to Italia's VRIM and Korea's HBIM cases. And the direction of documentation distinguishes between 'positivism' based on archaeological data and 'interpretivism' based on hypotheses. Specifically, it was applied to the 'Mireuksa Restoration Project' and tried to document it experimentally. This documentation proposed a framework for recording evidence according to sources based on the context of regions. Technically, the data organized in the Excel DB were directly input into the 3D model using the BIM program function. So, the user was able to intuitively review by matching the absence of the model and document information. The documenting method of this study is flexible to modify the restoration information whenever new evidence is found. And it has the advantage of being able to easily inform by converting it to IFC format.