중국 동북부지역 랴오닝성의 단둥(40°07'N 124°23'E)과 지린성의 궁주링(43°30'N 124°49') 및 룽징(42°46'N 129°26'E)에서 2020년과 2021년 벼 재배기간 중에 성페로몬트랩으로 이화명나방(Chilo suppressalis)(나비목: 포충나방과)의 성충 발생 시기를 조사하였다. 1화기 성충은 5월 중순부터 7월 하순 사이, 2화기 성충은 7월 중순부터 9월 중순 사이에 발생하여 세 지역 모두 연중 2회 성충 발생양상이 뚜렷하게 확인되었 다. 위도가 높은 지역에서 발생시기가 더 늦었다. 각 지역에서 관찰된 1화기 발생 시기를 기준으로 발생 시기 모델링을 통해 2화기 발생 시기를 추 정하고 관찰된 시기와 비교하였다. 네 개의 선행연구 자료로부터 성충, 알, 유충, 용 발육단계의 온도의존 생명현상(발육속도, 발육완성분포, 생존 율, 성충 노화율, 총산란수, 산란완성분포, 성충 생존완성분포) 모델들을 수집하거나 작성하였고, 이들을 선행 연구에 따라 단독으로 사용하거나 혼합하여 곤충 발생 시기 추정 소프트웨어인 PopModel에서 결합하였다. 모델링 결과에서 유충 발육기간이 짧게 관찰된 선행연구 자료를 기반으 로 하여 구성된 모형들이 2화기 성충 발생 시기를 더 근접하게 추정하였다. 2021년에는 단둥과 룽징에서 성충 조사 시기에 맞추어 이화명나방에 의 한 벼 피해주율의 변화를 조사하였다. 피해주율은 벼 재배기간 중 누적되어 2번의 증가시기가 뚜렷하게 나타났고, 이화명나방의 각 세대 유충에 의 해 발생한 것으로 추정되었다.

An experimental study was carried out to evaluate the shear performance at the interface composed of structural laminates and concrete. The main variables are the number of CLT layers and the shape of the shear connector. The number of CLT layers consisted of 3 and 5 layers. A total of 6 test specimens for shear performance evaluation were prepared in the form of a shear connector, a direct screw type and a vertically embedded type. As a result of the experiment, similar behavior was shown in all specimens, regardless of the number of layers, including direct screw type (SC series) and vertically embedded type (VE series). The behavior at the joint surface was damaged due to the occurrence of initial shear cracks, expansion of shear groove cracks, and splaying at the interface after the maximum load.After the maximum load, the shear strength decreased gradually due to the effect of the shear connector. It can be seen that the shear strength of all specimens is determined by shear and compression stress failure of concrete at the interface of the notch joint.

본 연구의 목적은 요양보호사의 직무환경이 서비스 질에 미치는 영향에서 자기효능감 의 매개효과를 규명하여 요양보호사의 직무환경, 자기효능감, 서비스 질의 향상을 위한 중요한 기초자료로 활용되는데 기여할 수 있는 실천적 정책적 함의를 도출해 내는 데 있다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위한 연구문제는 첫째, 요양보호사의 직무환경이 서비스 질에 미치는 영향은 어떠한가?, 둘째, 요양보호사의 직무환경이 자기효능감에 미치는 영향은 어떠한가?, 셋째, 요양보호사의 직무환경이 서비스 질에 영향을 미치는 과정에 서 자기효능감은 어떠한 매개효과를 가지는가로 설정하였다. SPSS Ver. 22.0 프로그램을 이용하여 통계분석을 실시하였으며, 분석기법으로는 측 정도구의 신뢰도를 검증하기 위해 신뢰도 분석을 실시하였으며, 영향관계와 매개효과 검증을 위해 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과 첫째, 요양보호사의 직무환경 요인이 서비스 질에 중요하고 긍정적인 영향 이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 요양보호사의 직무환경이 자기효능감에 많은 긍정적 영 향을 주는 요인으로 나타났다. 셋째, 자기효능감은 사회적 자본과 서비스 질의 관계에서 매개변인로서의 매개효과가 있었다.

The purpose of this study is to develop precast concrete modules that can be used as a booth and a single-story building with a large space. This precast concrete module is originally designed to have a hexagonal facade when the upper and lower parts, which are symmetrical about horizontal connection line, are combined. A structural design was conducted to ensure structural safety of these precast concrete modules and to extend the slope of the inclined members as far as possible. Then the finite element analysis was performed to estimate the lateral and vertical deflection of complete precast concrete modular structures. And to verify the structural safety of these precast concrete modules, weight loading tests were conducted on the upper and lower modules respectively.

In this study, we will develop a hybrid cross-sectional shape of steel inserted type glued-laminated timber that can improve the strength of structural glued-laminated timber and maximize the ductility by using steel plate with excellent tensile and deformation ability. A total of three specimens were fabricated and the flexural performance test was carried out to evaluate the structural performance of the steel inserted type glued-laminated timber. In order to compare the effect of steel inserted glued-laminated timber, one structural glued-laminated timber test specimen composed of pure wood was manufactured. In addition, in order to evaluate the adhesion performance of the steel inserted, one each of a screw joint test specimen and a polyurethane joint test specimen was prepared. As a result, all the specimens showed the initial crack in the finger joint near the force point. This has been shown to be a cause of crack diffusion and strength degradation. The use of finger joints in the maximum moment section is considered to affect the strength and ductility of the glued-laminated timber beam. Polyurethane-adhesive steel inserted glued-laminated timber showed fully-composite behavior with little horizontal separation between the steel plate and glued-laminated timber until the maximum load was reached. This method has been shown to exhibit sufficient retention bending performance.

In this study, an experimental study was carried out to evaluate the bond shear performance according to the shear connector between the glue-laminated timber and steel interface. Ten block shear specimens were fabricated according to the configuration of the adhesive surface of wood and steel. In addition, four test specimens were produced according to the main variable shape of the wood-concrete shear connector. As a result of the block shear test, the shear strength of the steel-wood adhesive is shown to have a shear performance greater than the wood-wood shear strength. As a result of the push-out test according to the shape of the shear connector, the shear strength increased linearly with the attachment area. The complete composite behavior between the glued-laminated timber and the steel can be secured.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the structural performance of joints between modules with steel plate press forming type non-symmetric cross section. The main experimental variables are direction of load, whether vertical bolts are fastened, and whether the concrete inside the column is filled. A total of three experiments were performed for each variable. Experimental results show that the behavior of the joints dominated by the local buckling deformation of the upper and lower beam flanges of the module joints, and the final failure was the fracture of the column-beam welds. In case of short side direction, it is possible to secure the performance of intermediate moment frame (0.02 rad). In case of long side direction, it is evaluated that the performance of special moment frame (0.04 rad) is secured regardless of whether or not concrete is infilled in the column.

In this study, pH, oBrix, salt concentration, sodium content, color, hardness, and sensory evaluations were measured during storage at low temperatures for 21 days after making tongue sole Jangajji with different types of Gochujang sauces. The pH was higher than those of samples not containing Maesil fermented liquor at all storage periods. The oBrix of the Maesil fermented liquor added samples was higher than that of the samples not added at the early stages of storage. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the samples with and without Maesil fermented liquor at the later stages of storage. The sodium content was lower than that of the samples not containing Maesil fermented liquor. The lightness (L) was lower in the early stages of storage than those of the Maesil fermented liquor. In the late stage of storage, however, the lightness was higher than those of the samples not containing Maesil fermented liquor. The redness (a) of the GRWO sample group showed the highest value at all storage periods compared to the other sample groups. The yellowness (b) of the GRWO sample group was high at the early stages of storage. On the 21st day of storage, however, the GRW sample group was significantly higher (p<0.01). The hardness results showed that the value of the later storage period was lower than that at the initial storage stage. The sensory evaluation showed that the Maesil fermented liquor reduced the spicy, salty, bitter, and unpleasant taste. As a result of the acceptance test, the GRWO and GRW samples were evaluated as the acceptance group with color, aroma, texture and overall acceptability compared to the brown rice Gochujang sample group.

Lifting plan in the large spacial structure is an important factor influencing the efficiency and economy of the construction process. The purpose of this study was deriving the requirements for lifting techniques as the basic research in the double spoke wheel roof structure construction. In the lift up erection method, management plan of the interference error in the column and outer-ring was needed that occur during lifting roof structure. In the bent erection method, material usage reduction plan was required by the structural design of the temporary bent. In the hybrid erection method, lifting plan was needed that minimizes weather condition and crane usage. All lifting techniques were required Value Engineering model for reduction of cost and construction period.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review the studies that included simulation based learning for nursing students in Korea. Methods: We searched for published and unpublished researches using electronic Korean database such as RISS, KISTI/NDSL, the National Library of Korea, KERIS, KISS, DBpia, Hakjisa, and Google scholar. The term for nursing, simulation, and scenario were entered as key words. Result: Total 42 studies were included and categorized in final. The major subject of simulation based learning was adult nursing for 3rd and 4th grade nursing students using high fidelity simulators. For applying the simulation based learning, 3-6 students were designated as a team. The most evaluation components were knowledge, clinical performance and satisfaction on simulation based learning. Conclusion: The results provide that the main theme or scenarios for simulation based learning in nursing students were varied and detailed according to clinical situation. However, the qualification for instructors should be reported in studies for simulation based leaning in nursing.

Background: Team-based learning (TBL) strategy have been applied in various nursing education as focusing on what students doing in-class and how learning from their experience. The purpose of this study was to develop and apply the TBL approach to teach pain assessment and management for undergraduate nursing students. Methods: Pain management education using TBL was applied in fundamentals of nursing course and consisted of three sessions for 2nd year nursing students. For developing the TBL, instructors redesigned the course before starting the semester and collected the cases reports from clinical environment. TBL on pain management was then applied into fundamentals of nursing course for 3 weeks. After completion the TBL course, satisfaction and self-confidence were collected. Result: We designed activities in four different points of TBL course such as a) before class begins, b) preparation, c) readiness assurance, and d) application. In before class, students can be identified instructional goal of TBL and activities of each point of course with their team member. The scores of students’ satisfaction and self-confidence in learning were high. Most students were positively described their experience of TBL course on pain management. Conclusion: Based on this development process and application, TBL approach will be applicable in various nursing education for enhancing the knowledge and making a clinical decision of nursing students.

『Act on Facilitation of Purchase of Small and Medium Enterprise – Manufactured Products and Support for Development of Their Markets』 was created and implemented. The act states that the materials designated by the Small and Medium Business Administration are directly purchased from the small and medium enterprises and provided to the construction companies so that the materials can be provided as GFGI (Government Furnished and Government Installed) in the case of a public construction project. This thesis is aimed to analyze the current status on the problems of each project party and understand their improvement requests so that mutually beneficial plans can be sought and improved process is presented for the continuous development of the direct construction material purchase system as well as successful construction projects. And This thesis summarized the purpose of the institutions and their change histories, and related law as well as codes for the better understanding of administrative procedures for the purchase system and the analyses as well as the improved process on the difficulties in complying with the current institutions.

This study was performed to determine the optimal composition of muffins added with dropwort powder, egg and sugar. The experiment was designed based on BBD (Box-behnken design), and evaluation was carried out by means of RSM (response surface methodology), consisting of 13 experimental points with three replicates each for three independent variables dropwort powder, eggs and sugar. Using F-test, height, moisture, 1,1-diphenyl-2picriylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, L-value, a-value, springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness, brittleness, color, and appearance acceptability were expressed as a linear model, whereas pH, b-value, flavor, taste, and texture were expressed as a quadratic model. After swallow and overall acceptability were expressed as a 2FI model. As dropwort powder content increased, 1,1-diphenyl-2picriylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity increased. Increasing amounts of dropwort powder led to reduction of sensory scores for color, appearance, flavor, taste, and texture quality. The optimum formulation determined by the numerical and graphical methods were similar: dropwort powder 6 g, egg 77 g, and sugar 60 g.

This study conducted a survey to analyze awareness, preferences, and the current state of consuming environmentally friendly organic food while eating-out in 435 adults aged 20 and above in Daegu, Korea. Most subjects (95%) showed awareness of environmentally friendly organic food, and 88.5% of subjects answered environmentally friendly organic food is ‘needed’. The percentage of eating out for families was 58.9%, and 49.0% of subjects said they eat out one to three times per month on average. In addition, subjects preferred a price range between 10,000 and 20,000 won per person when eating out, and they mostly favored Korean restaurants when ordering environmentally friendly organic food. Analysis of awareness of environmentally friendly organic food showed that among ‘health’ factors, ‘environmental’ factors, ‘social’ factors, and ‘dietary essential’ factors, ‘health’ factors showed the highest percentage for awareness. A survey on preferred foods by gender showed that both genders preferred vegetables the most. The results show that subjects in their 20s and 30s favored vegetables and fruits while subjects in their 40s preferred vegetables and grain animal products. Analysis of preferred types of environmentally friendly organic foods showed that men preferred polished rice while women preferred brown rice. Subjects in their 20s and 30s preferred strawberries, whereas those in their 40s preferred cherry tomatoes and those in their 50s and above favored tomatoes (p<0.001). Among root and tuber crops (63.4%), sweet potato was the most preferred. Among fruits, subjects preferred apples while among special crops, they most preferred oyster mushrooms; both genders preferred Korean beef. The most preferred livestock product of subjects in their 20s was pork, whereas subjects in their 30s preferred Korean beef. Subjects in their 40s preferred Korean beef and pork in the same proportions, whereas subjects in their 50s and above favored eggs the most.

This study was performed to determine the optimal composition of a muffin added with jerusalem artichoke powder and oligosaccharide. The experiment was designed based on CCD (central composite design), and evaluation was carried out by means of RSM (response surface methodology), which included 10 experimental points with three replicates each for the two independent variables jerusalem artichoke powder and oligosaccharide. The experimental muffin was prepared according to a traditional recipe, except that the flour was partially replaced by jerusalem artichoke powder (5, 15, or 25%) and the sugar was partially replaced by oligosaccharide (25, 50, or 75%). Using F-test, height, moisture, a-value, b-value, springiness, cohesiveness, texture, and overall acceptability were expressed as a linear model, whereas volume, pH, L-value, appearance, flavor and taste were expressed as a quadratic model. Increased amounts of jerusalem artichoke powder led to reduction of sensory scores for appearance, flavor, taste, texture, and overall quality. The optimum formulation determined by the numerical and graphical methods were similar: jerusalem artichoke powder 10.99%, oligosaccharide 71.40%.

대표적인 후행발명 혹은 개량발명들인 광학이 성질체 발명, 결정형 발명, 기타 선택발명들의 특허 성을 판단함에 있어서는, 이들 발명들이 기존의 기 술수준을 향상시킴으로써 기술 발전과 산업의 발 전이라는 특허법적 목적을 충실히 달성하였는지와 기술내용의 공개를 통하여 그 성과를 사회가 공유 할 수 있게 되었는지를 살펴, 출원인에게 기술개발 인센티브로서의 특허권이라는 배타적인 독점권을 부여할지 혹은 후속 발명자의 발명의지를 꺾지 않 도록 공중의 자유이용에 맡겨야 할지 조화롭고 균 형 있는 판단이 요구된다. 일반적인 화학물질 발명에 있어서는 물질 자체 가 발명의 구성에 해당하고, 그 물질을 실제로 제조 하였다는 것이 발명의 효과에 해당하는 경우가 많 이 있어서, 발명자가 원소분석치, 융점, 굴절율 등 그와 같은 구성을 가진 물질을 실제로 제조할 수 있 다는 점을 보이기만 하면 명세서 기재요건으로서의 발명의 효과기재가 있는 것으로 볼 수 있겠지만, 이와는 달리 선택발명은 기본적으로 중복발명이어 서 신규성이 없다고 하여야 할 것임에도 예외적으 로 선행발명이 인식하지 못한 우수한 효과를 가졌 다는 점에서 특허권을 부여하는 것이기 때문에 일 반적인 화학물질발명과는 구별되는 기재요건, 신 규성, 진보성요건을 충족하여야 한다. 선택발명에 있어서 신규성, 진보성에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 명세서 기재 정도에 관한 기준을 명 확히 함은, 궁극적으로 해당발명을 완성한 특허 출 원인의 부담을 경감시키고, 해당특허를 이용 혹은 회피하려는 후행발명자들에게 있어 법적안정성을 제공할 수 있을 것이라고 생각한다.