Since maize (Zea mays L.) originated in central and south America, it requires warm climate conditions throughout its growing season. Growth halts when night-time temperatures drop below 10℃, and the plant may die if temperature reach -1.7℃. Thus, temperature should be maintained between 10 and 30℃ from seeding to maturity. The germination temperature for maize should be at least 8-11℃, whit an optimal range 32-34℃. Since temperature significantly affects the germination rate and period, it plays a crucial role in maize growth. In this study, we evaluated the quantity and feed value of 11 major varieties to determine those best suited for maize cultivation as feed in higher latitude, specifically in Democratic People’s of Republic of Korea, below 38 degrees north. A cultivation test was also conducted in Suwon in Republic of Korea, to assess adaptability in areas south of Mt. Suyang. Among the varieties tested, Shinhwangok2 reached silking the fastest, in 65 days, while Gwangpyeongok took the longest at 75 days. The stem length of all varieties exceeded 230 cm. Gwangpyeongok had the tallest stems, while Daanok and Shinhwangok2ho displayed the highest ear ratios. Dacheongok presented the highest values in both dry matter and TDN quantity, with 31,420 kg/ha and 21,66 kg/ha respectively. Pyeonggangok had the highest crude protein content at 8.0%. TDN (%) ranged from 57-68%, with Hwangdaok reaching up to 68%. Based on these findings, Dacheongok and Pyeonggangok appear to be the most suitable varieties for cultivation in terms of both quantity and feed value.

본 연구는 논과 밭에서 재배한 18개 사일리지용 옥수수 품종들 의 생육특성, 수량성 및 사료 가치를 비교 분석하기 위하여 수행하 였다. 논과 밭에서 출사일수는 조숙종인 신황옥이 78일로 가장 짧 았고, 강다옥이 92일로 가장 길었다. 그리고 논과 밭의 출사 일수 차이는 조숙종(6일)보다 중 ․ 만생종(10일)에서 더 크게 차이가 발생 하는 것을 확인하였다. 간장은 논에서 재배한 옥수수가 밭보다 5~10% 감소하였지만, 착수고율은 10~15% 증가되는 경향을 보여 주었다. 그러나 도복과 후기녹체성은 논과 밭에서의 큰 차이를 보이 지 않았다. 사일리지 사료가치를 증진시키는 옥수수의 암이삭 비율 은 신황옥이 논과 밭에서 55.5%, 47.8%로 가장 높았고, 대부분 품종들은 밭보다 논에서 10~30% 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 이삭길이도 10~25% 감소하였다. 생초수량은 다청옥이 밭에서 65,750 kg/ha, 논에서 33,880 kg/ha로 최고 수량을 보였다. 생초수 량과 유사하게 건물수량도 다청옥이 밭에서 26,910 kg/ha, 논에 서 21,670 kg/ha로, TDN수량은 밭에서 18,040 kg/ha, 논에서 14,390 kg/ha로 최고 수량을 보여주었다. 사일리지용 옥수수의 사 료 가치를 평가하기 위하여 조단백질, 전분을 종실에서 분석한 결 과 논과 밭에서 재배한 품종간의 차이는 보이지 않았다. 그리고 잎과 줄기, 종실을 이용하여 ADF와 NDF 함량을 분석한 결과 잎 과 줄기는 밭에서는 P3394, P1543 같은 수입종이, 논에서 재배할 때는 신광옥, 다안옥 같은 국산품종이 낮을 함량을 가지고 있었다. 또한 종실에서는 밭보다 논에서 ADF와 NDF 함량이 일부 품종에 서 감소하였지만, 대부분 품종에서는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 따라서 논과 밭에서 재배한 옥수수 품종들의 사료 가치는 큰 차이 를 보이지 않으므로, 배수 관리 등을 통해 생육을 정상적으로 재배 한다면 논에서의 옥수수 수량성을 확보 할 수 있다고 판단된다

옥수수의 내습성은 우리나라 옥수수 재배면적 확대와 자급률 향상을 위해 고려되어야 할 중요한 요소 중 하나이다. 본 연구는 내습성 옥수수 계통 개발을 위한 기초 연구로서, 토양의 표면침수조건에서 변화하는 옥수수 뿌리의 대사체를 분석하여 옥수수의 내습성 관련 생리 기작을 구명하고자 수행되었다. 우리나라 옥수수 유전자원(Zea mays L.)과 야생종 옥수수(Zea mays spp. parviglumis) 간 교배를 통하여 내습성이 향상된 계통을 개발했고, 그 중 19KT-32P를 유묘단계(V3)에 7일 동안 침수시킨 후 뿌리에서 발현되는 대사체를 탐색하고 분석하였다. 총 180개 대사체가 확인되었 고, 그 중에서 ℽ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), putrescine, citrulline, Gly, Ala 등 8개 대사체는 각각 2.5배 이상 발현이 증가 또는 감소하였다. 확인된 대사체는 식물에서 pH, 삼투압, K+/Ca++ 및 ATPase 활성을 조절하는 비생물적 스트레스와 관련이 있었다. 특히 가장 발현이 높은 GABA는 glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) 효소에 의해 축적되며, 본연구에서 분석한 결과 10개의 유전자형이 확인되었다. 특히 첫 번째 엑손은 매우 보존적이었지만, 두번째 엑손부터 많은 SNP 다형성이 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 앞으로 내습성 옥수수 선발을 위한 분자마커로 활용되어 육종 효율을 높이는 좋은 수단으로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the Maillard reaction–related physicochemical properties of three maize varieties (Kwangpyeongok, Sinhwangok2ho and Gangdaok) after roasting them for different times (0, 15, 25, 40, and 55 minutes). The Maillard reaction is a non-enzymatic browning reaction involving reducing sugars and amino compounds. The content of reducing sugar, the causative agent of the Maillard reaction, decreased as roasting time increased. Gangdaok showed the lowest reducing sugar content of 1.04 mg/g after 55 minutes of roasting. In the elapsed roasting time, chromaticity ‘L’ and ‘b’ values decreased. At 55 minutes of roasting, wherein the Maillard reaction occurred most actively, Gangdaok showed the lowest ‘L’ value of 56.37 and the highest ‘a’ value of 7.60. Gangdaok had superior conditions for inducing the Maillard reaction compared to other varieties, and it is consider that 'flint–type', an endosperm characteristic, may have been the influencing agent. This study detected a total of 52 types of volatile aroma compounds (VACs), of which 28 were produced after roasting. Of the total VACs detected, 2-Formyl-5-methylfuran and 2-Furancarboxaldehyde accounted for 43.8~45.5% and have been confirmed to be the major VACs present in roasted maize. Most of the correlations between the Maillard reaction–related characteristics showed high correlation coefficients.

This study investigated on the chemical components, quality characteristics, antioxidant compounds, and activity of maize hybrids according to the cultivar, and breeding maize seeds crossed with seed and pollen parent. The moisture, crude fat, crude ash, crude protein, carbohydrate, and amylose contents of maize hybrids were significantly different among cultivars, and seeded and pollinated maize. The L-, a- and b-value of maize hybrids were 39.81~47.21, －0.01~0.55 and 5.85~18.47, respectively. Water binding capacity, water solubility index and swelling power were 123.29~153.32, 4.69~5.76 and 20.11~21.47%, respectively. The phenolic compounds and radical scavenging activity of maize hybrids were significantly different among cultivars, and seeded and pollinated maize. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of maize hybrids were 1,335.41~1,876.29 μg/g and 184.24~453.95 μg CE/g, respectively. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were 171.75~239.16 and 299.44~364.09 mg TE/100 g, respectively. As a result, it could be used as a basic data for cultivating phenol compounds and antioxidant activity in maize breeding.

This study was conducted to secure basic information for corn processing by comparing the quality characteristics according to maize cultivars and kernel types (dent, intermediate, flint-like). As a result of analyzing 15 cultivars, a range of measurements were observed: 100-kernel weight, 22.89~35.63 g; moisture, 7.57~8.42%; crude protein, 8.46~11.45%; crude lipids, 3.26~4.83%; Hunter’s L-value, 83.70~86.79; a-value, 2.61~5.49; b-value, 22.01~28.15; and total carotenoids, 6.74~17.07 μg/g. Significance among the cultivars was shown in all quality characteristics (p<0.001), but the significance among the kernel types was found only in crude protein (p<0.005), crude fat (p<0.001), and Hunter’s L-value (p<0.05). The hardness of maize was decreased proportionally to the soaking time for all maize cultivars (p<0.001). In particular, with the same soaking time for different kernel types, the hardness difference was shown in the order of flint-like > dent ≒ intermediate. It was confirmed that the decrease in the hardness of flint-like kernel of close to that of hard-type starch was slowed compare dent and intermediate kernels. So it is expected the some characteristic of kernel types will contribute to the appropriate customized use of the developed cultivars.

한반도 북부 지역에 적응하는 옥수수 품종 개발의 기초연구의 일환으로 2017~2018년 중국 요녕성 동항과 연변주 용정에서 18 품종/교잡계를 파종기, 재식거리 및 시비량 등 관행에 따라 재배하여 출사기 성숙기 반응 및 수량성을 조사하였다. 1. 지역 간의 출사까지의 적산온도 차이가 출사일수의 변이 보다 적으며, 출사일수 차이가 10일 이상인 품종/교잡계는 다청옥, 강다옥, 14GS19/14GS11이었다. 출사일수의 연차변이가 적은 반면 출사까지 적산온도가 큰 경향을 보였다. 2. 동항이나 용정의 적산온도는 북한의 옥수수 숙기 분류기 준에 중간늦종 범위를 벗어나는 늦종 그룹으로 분류할 수 있었다. 용정에서는 북한 성수군 기준의 늦종 재배 가능하며, 동항은 북한의 수풍, 회천, 신포, 양덕, 평강을 잇는 지역에 해당한다. 3. 평균 수량이 10a 당 1,000 kg 이상인 품종은 신황옥 (1,076 kg), 황다옥(1,023 kg), 그리고 중국 비교품종 Xianyu335, Fulai818도 각각 1,013 kg과 1,038 kg이었다. 18개 품종/교잡 계의 대부분이 중간늦종~늦종 군에 분류되었다. 18개 품종/교 잡계의 대부분이 중간늦종~~늦종 군에 분류되었다. 4. 북한의 각 지역별 재배 가능한 성숙군은, 중산지 혜산은 중간종, 북부 선봉은 중간종~중간늦종, 북부 산간인 중강과 동해안 북부 청진지방은 중간늦종~늦종 재배가능지이며, 그 외 지역은 모두 3,000oC 이상으로 늦종 재배에 충분한 적산온도 를 보였다. 북부산간 고지대인 삼지연, 풍산, 장진은 적산온도 2,000oC 이하 지역으로 옥수수 재배가 어려운 지역으로 나타 났다.

Waterlogging strongly affects maize (Zea mays L.) growth. It is necessary to find the screening method of waterlogging tolerant maize lines. This study was to investigate the growth characters at V3 stage of maize, when is very sensitive to waterlogging. Six Korean maize inbred lines were subjected to waterlogging at V3 stage for 30 days. The 30 days waterlogging treatment significantly reduced plant height, number of expanded leaves, and SPAD value, compared with the control plants. SPAD values were significantly different among the six inbred lines, KS140 was the highest. The dry matter accumulation of aerial and root part were significantly decreased by 30 days waterlogging. KS140 was the weightiest among inbred lines. The dry matter of adventitious root showed same trend. Waterlogging treatment significantly reduced to ear length and thickness, grains filling length, grain number per ear, and maize grain. Plant height, SPAD value, and number of fully-expanded leave showed high correlation with maize grain yield, but number of senescent leaves, dry matter of adventitious root and TR ratio did not, suggesting that the former three traits may be good indicator for evaluating 30-day waterlogging tolerance of maize inbred lines. KS164 was the highest yield by increasing of grains filling length and grain number per ear of among waterlogging inbred lines. According to the results, evaluation of maize waterlogging should be consider both early growth characteristics and resilience in the later growth stages.

To date, many researches have been done for maize QPM lines, there is little maize QPM varieties in Korea. In this reason, to develop maize QPM cultivars, investigation of the growth characteristics and amino acid composition among QPM inbred lines was carried out. For this study, QPM inbred lines were donated from CIMMYT. Analyses of growth characteristics changes for each line were investigated. The range of siliking days were ranged from 60 to 69 days. Silking days for 4 QPM lines such as CML140, CML141, CML152, and CML493 were 60 days among donated QMP lines, CML557 was 69 days. In plant height, CML492 was shortest(152 cm) while CML143 was the longest(295 cm). The ear height of CML492 was 66 cm and 175 cm for CML143. Protein content of each maize QPM grains was from 9.07% to 12.67%. CML556 have the highest proteins content, while CML493 was the lowest among maize QPM grains. Content of fat was from 3.38% to 5.25%, and CML141 was the lowest and CML147 was the highest. The content of ash ranged from 1.22% to 1.78%, CML555 was the least and CML142 was the highest. The content range of carbohydrate was from 71.7% to 75.5%, CML557 was the least and CML493 was the highest. The calories of each inbred line ranged from 346 to 365 Kcal, CML140 was the least and CML492 was the highest. Major amino acid composition in maize QPM grain is glutamic acid (16.34%), proline (9.80%). The mean of lysine composition was 3.64%, and CML140 showed the highest ratio of 4.34%.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) markers allow rapid screening of crop varieties in early growth stages. We developed a modified SNP PCR procedure for assaying SNPs in maize. For SNP marker development, we chosen 200 SNP sites from MaizeGDB database, and designed two base pair mismatch primers based on putative SNP site of B73 genome sequence. PCR products size was from 200 to 500 bp or was not shown in the case of SNP site existing in Korean silage corns. Using previously discovered 16 primer sets, we investigated distinctness of 50 silage F1 hybrid corns including 10 Korean silage corns developed by RDA such as Gangdaok, Kwangpyeongok, Dapyeongok, Andaok, Yanganok, Singwangok, Jangdaok, Cheongdaok, Pyeonggangok, and Pyeonganok as well as 40 foreign commercial silage corns. From cluster analysis, we confirmed that 10 Korean silage F1 hybrid corns were clearly distinguished except for Singwangok, P1395, and several foreign commercial corns, and selected minimum SNP primer combination for Gangdaok, Jangdaok, Pyeonggangok, and Pyeonganok. Therefore, development of SNP marker sets might be faster, cheaper, and feasible breed discrimination method through simple PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis.

Teosinte, commonly known as wild species of corn, has distributed in Central and South America. It is believed that teosinte contains genes for resistance to flooding because of the climate characteristics of the collected countries. Recent studies have shown that teosinte has the ability to form adventitious roots, to develop aerenchyma tissues of teosinte, and the resistance to toxic substances under flooding soil condition. Therefore, development of corn varieties to cope with climate change and the growing corn at paddy field in Korea are required to introduce the characteristics of teosinte. However, in order to utilize teosinte resources, preconditions must be settled such as photoperiodic responsibility, physiological and ecological characteristics. Also if the preconditions are studied together with the metabolic level studies, the possibility of utilization for flooding resistant varieties will be even higher.

To identify the limited and adaptable sowing date and select the double cropping system, two different cropping systems such as potato (Sumi, Chubaek) - maize (Ilmichal, Yanganok) and maize (Ilmichal, Yanganok) - potato (Chubaek) were conducted in paddy and upland field condition. We observed and compared plant growth characteristics, yield potential, and income at two different cropping systems. Average yield of potato (first crop, Sumi) in paddy field was higher than upland field when planted at March 20. The plant height and stem length of the second cropping potato sown at August 20 were 30 cm higher than first cropping potato sown at March 20, which is reduced about 1,500 ~ 2000 kg/ 10a of the second cropping potato yield. Stem length and the first ear height of the first cropping corn Ilmichal sown at April 15 in paddy field were 5~10 cm higher than upland field and ear property was similar. Silking date of the second cropping corn Ilmichal sown at July 3 were about 19 day earlier than the first cropping corn Ilmichal sown at April 15, However, both stem length and the first ear height of the second cropping corn Ilmichal sown at July 3 were small compared to those of sown at April 15. Ear property of Yanganok sown at June 19 and July 3 were similar in both paddy and upland field. Fresh weight yield (aerial part, kg/10a) of Yanganok sown at June 19 were 500 ~ 700 kg/10a higher than those of sown at July 3. In view of income comparison between two different cropping systems, Chubaek-Ilmichal and Chubaek-Yanganok cropping systems were best combination, Ilmichal-Chubaek and sumi- Yanganok cropping systems were worst combination in upland field. Chubaek-Ilmichal and Chubaek- Yanganok cropping systems were best combination, Ilmichal-Chubaek cropping systems was worst combination in paddy field.

동남아시아 주요 옥수수 생산국인 인도네시아의 옥수수 생 산과 생산성 제한 요인에 대하여 조사·분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 인도네시아는 북위 5°에서 남위 10°사이에 위치하여 연 중 열대성 기후를 보이며 건기와 우기의 구별이 뚜렷하다. 2. 옥수수 재배면적은 약 4,000천ha 정도이며 생산량은 2009년 이후로 17,000천톤 이상을 유지하고 있다. 그 가운데 수확면적과 생산량의 약 50%를 Jawa섬이 차지하고 있다. 2014년 단위 면적당 생산성은 4.95ton/ha로 1980년대에 비하 여 약 3배 증가하였으나 지역적으로는 2.5 ~ 7.32ton/ha의 변이 를 보여 지역 간 차이가 심하다. 3. 생물적 생산성 제한요인은 downy mildew (Peronosclerospora), maydis leaf blights (Helminthosporium spp.), leaf spots (Curvularia spp.), rusts (Puccinia polysora), stalk and ear rots (Fusarium spp., Diplodia spp.), banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB, Rhizoctonia solani) 등의 병과 바 구미(Sitophilus spp.), shoot flies (Atherigona spp.), Asian corn borers (Ostrinia furnacalis), 멸강충(Mythimna spp.), corn ear worm (Helicoverpa spp.) 등의 충이나, 가장 큰 영 향을 주는 요인은 downy mildew이다. 4. 비생물적 생산성 제한요인은 토양의 산성화에 따른 척박 토양과 관개가 자유롭지 못한 전작 지대의 한발피해 등이며, 경제·사회적 제한요인으로는 비료, 농약 등 농자재 투입 비용 과 hybrid종자 가격 등이다. 5. 인도네시아에 적응하는 품종 개발 시 생산성 제한 요인을 극복하기 위한 주요 타겟 형질은 환경 스트레스 내성으로서, 특 히 downy mildew 저항성과 내산성, 내건성이 요구된다.

유색옥수수 종실의 호분층을 첨가하여 제조된 안토시아닌이 함유된 유색두부를 개발하여 농가소득 증진을 위한 기술로 활 용하고자 수행한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 호분층 분말의 크기 와 상관없이 유색옥수수 호분층 분말의 첨가량이 증가할수록 만들어지는 두부 무게량은 증가하였다. 유색옥수수 호분층 분 말을 첨가한 두부는 100% 콩을 이용한 두부보다 일반적으로 경도가 높았다. 안토시아닌 함량 분석 결과 분말첨가량이 증 가할수록 유색두부에 포함된 안토시아닌이 증가하였다. 항산 화 활성 측정 결과에서 유색 옥수수 종실의 호분층 분말 첨가 와 항산화 활성이 옥수수 종실의 호분층 분말의 농도 의존적 으로 높아졌다. 기능성성분인 안토시아닌 등을 함유한 유색옥 수수 종실의 호분층를 이용하여 흰색두부에 보라색을 첨가하 여 시각적 효과와 기능성 등을 향상 시킬 수 있다. 더불어 국 민 소비가 많은 두부에 옥수수를 첨가하여, 점차 고급화 되어 가고 있는 소비자의 기호도에 부응할 수 있는 고품질두부 생 산에 본 연구결과가 큰 기여를 할 것으로 추정된다.

일반적으로 많이 양식되는 방사무늬김(Porphyra yezoensis Ueda)에 대하여 방사무늬김 엽체의 형태적 특성, 탄소 및 질소 성분의 농도, 안정동위원소 비값, 광합성효율을 방사무늬김 양식이 이루어 지고 있는 남서해역에서 조사를 하였다. 방사무늬김의 형태적 특성에 대해서 살펴보면 평균 엽장은 11.6~16.3 (13.8) cm, 평균 엽폭은 4.6~6.3 (5.4) cm이었고, 단위면적당 방사무늬김 엽체의 평균 엽중량은 1.1~2.6 (1.86) g DW m-2이었다. 단위면적당 Chl a 농도는 2.18~17.77 (평균 9.65) mg DW Chl a m-2이었다. 방사무늬김의 탄소 농도는 201~317 (240) mg DW g-1이었고, 질소 농도는 39.8~50.0 (43.5)mg DW g-1이었으며, C/N비는 5.0~6.7 (5.5)이었다. 방사무늬김의 방사성 안정동위원소비 중에서 탄소 안정동위원소 비는 δ13C=-25.6‰ 에서 δ13C=-24.0‰ (평균-24.7‰ )의 값을 보였고, 질소 안정동위원소 비는 δ15N=1.3‰ 에서 δ15N=4.1‰ (평균 2.1‰ )의 값을 보였다. PAM에 의한 해조류의 광합성 특성은 광합성 활동의 지시자로서 사용될 수 있다. 우리는 Diving-PAM을 이용하여 각 정점 해조류인 방사무늬김의 광합성율을 분석하였다. 최대양자수율은 0.46~0.55 (평균 0.52)로서 최대양자수율의 변동은 정점간 큰 차이는 없었다. 최대상대전자전달률은 4.71~5.84 (평균 5.33) μmol electrons m-2 s-1로서 최대양자수율과 비슷한 분포를 보였다. 기울기 (α)는 0.027~0.045 (평균 0.036)을 보였고, 전자전달을 위한 포화광은 지역에 따라서 일부 차이를 보였으나 139~180(156) μmol photons m-2 s-1이었다. 남서해역 방사무늬김엽체의 탄소 및 질소 농도와 광합성 효율은 지역에 따른 큰 차이는 보이지 않았다. 광합성 특성은 낮은 최대양자수율과 최대 상대전자전달률로 인한 낮은 광합성 효율이 나타났다.

This study was conducted to compare changes of total carotenoid contents and antioxidant activities in yellow waxy corns (Zea mays L.) depending on harvest time. The total carotenoid contents of yellow waxy inbred lines and hybrids increased from 19 days and then the highest content of total carotenoid contents was observed at 25 to 27 days after pollination. Thereafter, there was little change in total carotenoid contents. According to analysis total content of carotenoids on 23 days after pollination, which was the period of harvesting waxy corn, KY2 was the highest as 15.4 ㎍/g in inbred lines and KY2/KY39 was the hightest as 11.2 ㎍/g in hybrids, respectively. The total carotenoid contents of each hybrid were higher than mean that of their parent lines except for some hybrids. The total carotenoid contents of KY27/KY37 were significantly higher than those of their parental lines. Antioxidant activity of yellow waxy corn showed a tendency to increase after decrease depending on delaying harvesting time. Antioxidant activities of hybrids were higher than that of inbred lines. As a result of correlation analysis between total carotenoid contents and antioxidant activity, correlation coefficient of inbred lines and hybrids was as low as -0.12 and -0.13, respectively. When the harvest time was delayed, the lightness of yellow waxy corn decreased but the redness and yellowness increased. As a result of correlation analysis between Hunter’s Lab value and total carotenoid contents, correlation coefficient of lightness, redness and yellowness were -0.22, 0.67, 0.53, respectively.

‘Sinhwangok’, a new maize F1 hybrid (Zea mays L.), is developed by the maize breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA in 2015. The high-yielding hybrid, named ‘Sinhwangok’ was bred by crossing between two inbred lines, ‘KS178’ and ‘KS145’. It is a yellow dent maize hybrid. After advanced yield trial of ‘Sinhwangok’ in Suwon for two years, regional yield trial was subsequently carried out for evaluation of its growth and yield at three different locations from 2012 to 2015. The days to silking of ‘Sinhwangok’ are 74. The plant height of ‘Sinhwangok’ is 241cm, similar to ‘Jangdaok’, and its ear height ratio is 51%, similar with that of ‘Jangdaok’. It has resistance to lodging. The number of ear per 100 plants is 96. The ear length of ‘Sinhwangok’ is 17cm, shorter than that of ‘Jangdaok’. The weight of 100 seeds of ‘Sinhwangok’ is 34.1g, similar to that of ‘Jangdaok’. It has moderate resistance to southern leaf blight (Bipolaris maydis). It has moderate resistance to European Corn Borer (Ostrinia nubilalis). The grain yield (8.9 ton/ha) of ‘Sinhwangok’ was 15% higher than that of ‘Jangdaok’. The seed production of ‘Sinhwangok’ was acceptable due to a good synchronization of flowering period during crossing between the seed parent, KS178, and the pollen parent, KS145, in Yeongwol and F1 seed yield was 2.3 ton/ha. ‘Sinhwangok’ would be a suitable cultivar to all plain area in Korea.