지역의 유·무형 자원의 가치와 지역 생활 문화를 반영한 에코뮤지엄의 개념을 바탕으로 한때 한성백제의 수도였던 서울 풍납동 지역에 지속 가 능한 발전 방안을 살펴보고자 한다. 에코뮤지엄은 역사, 문화 등을 아우 르는 지역 자원의 보존, 지역 주민의 주체적인 참여, 박물관 활동 등을 특징으로 한다. 에코뮤지엄의 개념과 구성요소를 살펴보고, 국·내외 에코 뮤지엄 사례를 통하여 풍납동에 적용할 수 있는 방안을 탐색하였다. 풍 납동의 역사 문화적 가치를 재조명하고, 에코뮤지엄을 구성할 수 있는 유산을 선별하였다. 특히, 풍납동의 토성은 백제와 풍납동의 역사와 문화 를 체험할 수 있는 중심지이며 이러한 백제의 문화콘텐츠를 활용한다면 침체한 지역 상권을 활성화에 기여할 수 있다고 판단하였다. 본 연구는 풍납동의 에코뮤지엄 조성을 통해 지역 고유의 문화콘텐츠를 활용하여 역사와 문화를 보존하고 지역 경제를 활성화하며, 지역 주민과 방문객이 함께 참여하는 공간을 만드는 데 유용한 자료를 제공한다는 의의가 있 다.

목적: 본 연구는 사회적 고립 측정을 위한 평가에 대한 연구 동향을 계량서지학적 분석을 통해 파악하고자 한다. 연구방법: Web of Science 데이터베이스를 사용하여 문헌을 수집하였다. VOS viewer를 사용하여 국가/지역, 학술지, 연구기관, 저자, 키워드 및 클러스터 분석을 실시하였다. 결과: 문헌의 연도별 출판은 2011년 이후 급증하는 추세를 보였으며, 2020년에 가장 많은 문헌이 출판되었다. 공공환경 및 직업보건 분야에서 가장 많은 연구가 이루어졌으며, 미국과 영국이 높은 인용횟수와 연결강도를 보였다. 대한민국은 상위 20위로 나타났다. 주요 키워드는 코로나19, 건강, 외로움, 우울, 불안, 스트레스로 나타났다. 결론: 본 연구는 사회적 고립 평가에 대한 주요 키워드와 연구 동향 및 연결성을 파악함으로 시간적 흐름에 따른 연구변화를 파악하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 이를 바탕으로 사회적 고립의 예방적 관점에서 평가와 중재의 중요성을 파악하고 관련 연구의 기초자료로 활용되기를 기대한다.

This study was conducted to find a way to improve quality by observing changes in quality and microbial communities according to whether corn silage was treated with additives and the storage period, and to utilize them as basic research results. The experimental design was performed by 2˟4 factor desigh, and the untreated (CON), and the additive inoculated (ADD) silage were stored and fermented for 30 (TH), 60 (ST), 90 (NT), and 120 (OHT) days, with each condition repeated 3 times. There was no change in the nutrient content of corn silage according to additive treatment and storage period (p>0.05). However, the change in DM and the increase in the relative proportions of lactic acid content and Lactobacillales according to the storage period (p<0.05) indicate that continuous fermentation progressed until OHT days of fermentation. Enterobacterales (33.0%), Flavobacteriales (14.4%), Sphingobacteriales (12.7%), Burkholderiales (9.28%) and Pseudomonadales (6.18%) dominated before fermentation of corn silage, but after fermentation, the diversity of microorganisms decreased sharply due to the dominance of Lactobacillales (69.4%) and Bacillales (11.5%), Eubacteriales (7.59%). Therefore, silage maintained good fermentation quality with or without microbial additives throughout all fermentation periods, but considering the persistence of fermentation even in long-term storage and the aerobic stability, it would be advantageous to use microbial additives.

This study was conducted to estimate the effects of the forage process on rumen fermentation characteristics and greenhouse gas emissions of rye. Rye was grown at the Taeyoung Livestock farm and harvested at the heading stage. The harvested rye (5 kg) was sub-sampled for fresh forage, hay, and silage in triplicates. The sub-sampled rye was freeze-dried or air-dried for fresh forage or rye hay, respectively. For rye silage, the sub-sampled rye forage was ensiled into a 10 L mini bucket silo and stored for 90 days. For 72 h rumen incubation, each forage (0.3 g) was placed into the incubation bottle with the rumen mixture (30 mL) in quadruplicates. After the incubation, total gas was measured and sub-sampled for CO2 and CH4 analyses, and the bottle content was centrifuged for in vitro digestibilities of dry matter (IVDMD) and neutral detergent fiber (IVNDFD), and rumen fermentation characteristics. Silage had higher crude protein, crude ash, and acid detergent fiber concentrations than fresh forage and hay but lower non-fiber carbohydrates and relative feed value (p<0.05). And, silage had higher lactic acid bacteria than the other forages but lower pH (p<0.05). After 72 h incubation in the rumen, fresh forage had higher IVDMD and butyrate content than the other forages (p<0.05). However, silage had higher rumen pH and propionate content than the other forages but lower A:P ratio (p<0.05). Regarding greenhouse gases, silage had lowest total gas (mL/g DMD and NDFD) and CH4 (mL/g DMD and NDFD) emissions, while fresh forage had lowest CO2 (mL/g DMD) emission (p<0.05). Therefore, this study concluded that the ensiling process of rye can effectively mitigate greenhouse gas emissions of Hanwoo.

PURPOSES : This study analyzes the accident damage scale of hazardous material transportation vehicles not monitored in real time by the Hazardous Material Transportation Safety (HMTS) management center. METHODS : To simulate hazardous-material transportation vehicle accidents, a preliminary analysis of transportation vehicle registration status was conducted. Simulation analyses were conducted for hazardous substance and flammable gas transportation vehicles with a high proportion of small- and medium-sized vehicles. To perform a spill accident damage-scale simulation of hazardous-substance transportation vehicles, the fluid analysis software ANSYS Fluent was used. Additionally, to analyze explosion accidents in combustible gas transportation vehicles, the risk assessment software Phast and Aloha were utilized. RESULT : Simulation analysis of hazardous material transportation vehicles revealed varying damage scales based on vehicle capacity. Simulation analysis of spillage accidents showed that the first arrival time at the side gutter was similar for various vehicle capacities. However, the results of the cumulative pollution analysis based on vehicle capacity exhibited some differences. In addition, the simulation analysis of the explosion overpressure and radiant heat intensity of the combustible gas transportation vehicle showed that the difference in the danger radius owing to the difference in vehicle capacity was insignificant. CONCLUSIONS : The simulation analysis of hazardous-material transportation vehicles indicated that accidents involving small- and medium-sized transportation vehicles could result in substantial damage to humans and ecosystems. For safety management of these small and medium-sized hazardous material transportation vehicles, it is expected that damage can be minimized with the help of rapid accident response through real-time vehicle control operated by the existing HMTS management center.

This study was conducted to determine the optimal spring seeding dates for alfalfa yield and feed value. The experiment was conducted annually for three years (2021~2023) at the field in the Department of Animal Resources Development, NIAS, located in Cheonan. The treatments involved six seeding dates ranging from February 24 to April 14, with 10days intervals. Alfalfa was harvested four times a year at the early flowering stage. Dry matter yield showed a tendency to decrease with delayed the seeding date. However, depending on the climatidc condisions in the seeding year, the dry matter yield on March 14 or 24 was comparable to that on February 24. Annual dry matter yield varied, influenced by the daylight conditions each year. The average feed value did not significantly differ within in the same year with delayed seeding dates (p>0.05). Therefore, the most stable period for alfalfa spring seeding in the central area of South Korea is considered to be from February 24 to April 4, with February 24 indentified as the optimal date.

Understanding changes in fermentation characteristics and microbial populations of forage silage during ensiling is of interest for improving the nutrient value of the feed for ruminants. This study was conducted to investigate the changes in fermentation characteristics and bacterial communities of whole crop rice (WCR) silage during the ensiling period. The chemical compositions, pH, organic acids and bacterial communities were evaluated at 0, 3, 6, and 12 months after ensiling. The bacterial communities were classified at both the genus and species levels. The dry matter content of WCR silage decreased with the length of storage (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in crude protein and NDF contents. Following fermentation, the pH level of WCR silage was lower than the initial level. The lactic acid content remained at high levels for 3 to 6 months after ensiling, followed by a sharp decline at 12 months (p<0.05). Before fermentation, the WCR was dominated by Weissella (30.8%) and Pantoea (20.2%). Growth of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (31.4%) was observed at 3 months after ensiling. At 6 months, there was a decrease in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (10.2%) and an increase in Levilactobacillus brevis (12.8%), resulting in increased bacteria diversity until that period. The WCR silage was dominated by Lentilactobacillus buchneri (71.2%) and Lacticaseibacillus casei (27.0%) with a sharp reduction in diversity at 12 months. Overall, the WCR silage maintained satisfactory fermentation quality over a 12-month ensiling period. Furthermore, the fermentation characteristics of silage were found to be correlated to bacterial microbiome.

식용곤충인 갈색거저리 유충이 식품 대체원료로써 식육에 대한 대체 가능성을 타진하고자 갈색거저리 유충 분말을 대체하지 않은 제품을 대조구로 설정하고 1%, 2%, 3% 비율로 대체한 유화소시지를 처리구로 하여 4±1℃에서 1, 8, 15, 22, 29일간 저장하면서 이화학적 특성과 관능적 특성 변화를 측정하였다. 갈색거저리 유충 분말을 첨가한 처리구의 pH는 대조구보다 증가하였고, 보수성(WHC)은 저장기간에 따라 대조구와 처리구 간 유의적인 차이는 크게 나타나지 않았으나, 대체량이 많을수록 보수성이 더 우수하였다(p<0.05). 휘발성 염기태질소(VBN), 지방산패도(TBARS) 는 대조구보다 감소하였으며, 관능검사의 경우 대조구와 유의적 차이가 나타나지 않았다(p<0.05). 따라서, 처리구가 대조구보다 우수한 품질과 저장성을 가지고 있었으며, 기호적인 측면에서도 뒤처지지 않아서 갈색거저리 유충 분말로 식육을 대체하는 것이 가능하다고 판단되어 식용곤충을 식품 대체원료로 제품화하였을 때, 식용곤충에 대한 거부감을 완화하고 소비자들에게 있어 긍정적인 인식의 변화를 이끌어낼 수 있는 기초자료를 제시할 수 있었다.

The present study estimated rumen fermentation characteristics and greenhouse gas emissions of different forages. Alfalfa, timothy, tall fescue, Italian ryegrass, and rice straw as the main forage sources for Hanwoo were used in the present study. Crude protein was highest in alfalfa but lowest in rice straw (p<0.05). Ether extract was higher in alfalfa and Italian ryegrass than in the other forages (p<0.05). Crude ash was highest in rice straw but lowest in tall fescue (p<0.05). Neutral detergent fiber was highest in tall fescue but lowest in alfalfa (p<0.05). Acid detergent fiber was highest in Italian ryegrass and rice straw but lowest in alfalfa (p<0.05). In vitro digestibilities of dry matter (DMD) and neutral detergent fiber (NDFD) were highest in timothy but lowest in rice straw (p<0.05). Rumen pH was highest (p<0.05) in alfalfa, while ammonia-N was higher (p<0.05) in alfalfa and Italian ryegrass than in the other forages. Total volatile fatty acid was highest (p<0.05) in timothy, while acetate and propionate were highest (p<0.05) in alfalfa and rice straw, respectively. Acetate to propionate ratio was higher (p<0.05) in alfalfa, timothy, and Italian ryegrass than in rice straw. Rice straw had lowest total gas (mL) (p<0.05) but highest its per DMD and NDFD. Rice straw had higher (p<0.05) CO2 (per DMD and NDFD) compared to alfalfa (per DMD and NDFD), timothy (per DMD and NDFD), tall fescue (per NDFD), and Italian ryegrass (per DMD). Again, rice straw had higher (p<0.05) CH4 (per DMD and NDFD) compared to timothy (per DMD and NDFD) and tall fescue (per NDFD). Therefore, this study indicates that timothy has a higher nutrient digestibility and volatile fatty acid in the rumen leading to a reduction of greenhouse gas emission.

본 연구는 수분함량과 미생물 첨가제가 알팔파 사일리지의 발효특성과 사료가치에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 알팔파는 개화 10% 시기에서 수확되었으며 수분 함량(M60, M50, M40 및 M30)이 60, 50, 40 및 30%일 때 각각 이용하였다. 1500g을 샘플링한 후, 증류수 10mL을 첨가한 미첨가구(NAD)와 Lactococcus lactis 와 Pediococcus pentosaceus의 혼합물을 증류수(0.1g/10mL)에 1.5 x 1010cfu/g 농도로 희석한 후 접종한 미생물 균주 첨가구(ADD)를 3개월 및 6개월 발효하였다. 수분 및 미생물 첨가제에 따른 연평균 알팔파의 조단백, 중성세제 불용성 섬유 및 산성세제 불용성 섬유에서 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 모든 발효기간에서 pH는 ADD의 M40에서 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). NAD 처리구에서는 젖산이 M50에서 가장 높았고(p<0.05), ADD 처리군에서는 M40 시험구에서 젖산이 가장 높았다(p<0.05). NAD와 ADD의 M60은 젖산 함량이 다른 수분 함량들에 비해 가장 낮으며(p<0.05) 낙산이 유일하게 검출되었다. 미생물군집의 상대적 풍부도는 ADD 처리구의 M40과 M50에서 Homo LAB (Enterococcus, Lactiplantibacillus, Lacticaseibacillus, Lactococcus, Pediococcus)의 비율이 가장 높았고, Clostridium은 M60에서 가장 높았다.

본 연구는 인공지능(AI)을 정치적 리더십에 통합하여 위기 관리 분야 의 의사 결정에 혁신을 일으킬 수 있는지 알아본다. 특히 이 연구는 데 이터 분석, 위기 예측, 국제 관계에서 분야에서 인공지능의 역할을 강조 하면서 정치적 리더십에 있어서도 인공지능의 혁신적인 역량을 발휘할 수 있는지 조사하였다. 인공지능은 신속한 데이터 처리 및 예측 분석과 같은 큰 이점을 제공하지만 개인 정보 보호 및 알고리즘 편견과 같은 윤 리적 문제를 포함한 중대한 문제도 야기한다. 따라서 이 연구는 정치 지 도자들이 인공지능 발전에 대한 최신 정보를 지속적으로 학습하고, 윤리 적 지침을 설정하며, 인공지능에 대한 토론에 대중을 참여시켜야 할 필 요성을 강조한다. 또한 투명성을 우선시함으로써 지도자들은 인공지능의 이점을 활용하여 신뢰할 수 있는 정보에 입각한 정치적 환경을 조성할 수 있다.

Food upcycling has emerged as an effective approach to sustainably utilize the food waste generated within the food supply chain. This review article examines upcycled food with respect to its definition, consumers’ knowledge and perception on it, and the process by which by-products from the food supply chain are utilized for the creation of upcycled food products. The definition of upcycled food varied among manufacturers, research institutions, and the Upcycled Food Association, depending on the specific values and objectives of each sector. This has resulted in the use of different keywords to highlight the distinctive characteristics of their respective interpretations of upcycled food. This review also summarizes the various consumer traits that can influence the awareness and acceptance of upcycled food, encompassing functional, empirical and emotional, symbolic and self-expressive, and economic benefits. Additionally, the review presents strategies to utilize by-products produced in large quantities in Korea, while also addressing the control of hazardous components to ensure biological or chemical safety and the changes in nutritional value that may occur during the utilization of these byproducts.

The present study investigated the effects of forage cutting and baler mixing on the chemical compositions, fermentation indices, and aerobic stability of whole crop rice (WCR) haylage. The WCR (“Youngwoo”) was harvested at 48.4% dry matter and ensiled into a 300 kg bale silo with forage cutting (whole crop without cutting vs. 5 cm of cutting length). The WCR forages were ensiled without baler mixing process (CON) or with (MIX). The concentrations of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude ash, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber of whole crop rice before ensiling were 48.4, 9.70, 2.57, 6.11, 41.2, and 23.5%, respectively. The forage cutting did not affect the chemical compositions, fermentation indices, microbes, and aerobic stability of WCR haylage (p>0.05). The CON haylages tend to be higher in NDF content (p<0.10). The MIX haylages had lower in lactate (p=0.019), and lactate:acetate ratio (p<0.001). The MIX haylages had higher in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (p=0.010). Therefore, this study concluded that the fermentation quality of WCR haylage improved by baler mixing, but had no effects by forage cutting.

본 연구는 종합병원 간호사의 감정노동과 감성지능이 소진에 미치는 영향요인을 확인하기 위 한 서술적 조사연구이다. 연구대상자는 종합병원에 근무하는 임상경력 6개월 이상인 간호사 150명이었다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 21.0 프로그램을 이용하여 t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Multiple regression analysis로 분석하였다. 대상자의 소진에 미치는 영향요인을 검증하기 위해 다중회귀분석 결과, 감성지능(β=-.441, p<.001), 감정노동(β=.403, p<.001), 현 직위는 책임간호사 이상 이(β=-0.111, p<.018), 지각된 건강상태는 건강한 경우(β=-.100, p<.029) 순이었다. 또한 추정된 회귀모 형의 적합도에 대한 F통계량은 35.51(p<.001)으로 매우 유의하였고, 설명력은 79.7%인 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 간호사의 소진을 감소시키기 위해 감정노동을 줄이고 건강 및 감성지능을 향상 시킬 수 있는 방안 을 모색하고 소진을 낮추기 위한 중재프로그램을 개발하는데 기초자료로 유용하게 활용될 것으로 사료된 다.

Electroless plating is widely utilized in engineering for the metallization of insulator substrates, including polymers, glass, and ceramics, without the need for the application of external potential. Homogeneous nucleation of metals requires the presence of Sn-Pd catalysts, which significantly reduce the activation energy of deposition. Therefore, rinsing conducted during Sn sensitization and Pd activation is a key variable for the formation of a uniform seed layer without the lack or excess of catalysts. Herein, we report the optimized rinsing process for the functionalization of Sn-Pd catalysts, which enables the uniform FeCo metallization of the glass fibers. Rinsing enables good deposition of the FeCo alloy because of the removal of excess catalysts from the glass fiber. Concurrently, excessive rinsing results in a complete removal of the Sn–Pd nucleus. Collectively, the comprehensive study of the proposed nanomaterial preparation and surface science show that the metallization of insulators is a promising technology for electronics, solar cells, catalysts, and mechanical parts.