This study examined the quality characteristics of 10 different lines of native peppers collected from organic farms in Chungbuk province. The study found a strong correlation between the redness (a*) and ASTA values, which both contribute to the perceived quality of peppers. The highest values were observed in the Iyugsa line. The content of capsaicinoid and beta-carotene also showed a positive correlation, with Chilsungcho having the highest statistically significant value. While the total polyphenol content did not correlate with the other indicators, Chilsungcho again had the highest levels. The Yuwolcho line exhibited the highest ABTS radical scavenging ability, while the Eumseongcho line showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging ability. Taking into account the overall bioactivity quality, Chilsungcho had the highest values in terms of total polyphenol, beta-carotene, capsaicinoid, and redness. It also had the second highest total flavonoid content, ABTS, and DPPH radical scavenging activity, all statistically significant. Therefore, Chilsungcho can be considered an excellent choice when considering physiological activity. Furthermore, this study provides valuable information about the unique characteristics of these 10 native pepper lines, which can assist in selecting the appropriate pepper for food manufacturing and serve as a helpful resource for future research.

본 연구는 오픈소스 라이브러리인 OpenCV를 활용해 다양 한 시설과채류의 표현형 분석에 적용 가능한 컴퓨터 비전 기 술을 탐구하였다. 토마토에 대해서는 이미지의 색상을 분석 하여 숙성도를 판정하며, support vector machine(SVM) and histogram of oriented gradients 기법을 통해 숙성된 토마토 를 효과적으로 검출하였다. 파프리카의 경우, 색상 분포를 시 각화한 후, 가우스 혼합 모델로 클러스터링을 실행하여 수확 파프리카의 색상 특성을 분석하였다. 네트 멜론의 품질 평가 에서는 LAB 색상 공간, 이진화 이미지 및 깊이 매핑을 활용하 여 멜론의 네트 패턴을 정량화하였다. 추가로, 오이 온실에서 화방 검출을 위해 깊이 정보와 색상 정보를 조합하여 다양한 크기와 거리의 화방을 성공적으로 검출하였다. 이 연구의 결 과로, 해당 컴퓨터 비전 기술들이 시설과채류의 생장 모니터 링, 숙성 및 품질 평가 등에서의 유효성을 확인하였다. 농산업 에서 컴퓨터 비전의 효과적 적용을 위해, 후속 연구자나 개발 자들이 재배 생리와 연관된 지표를 기반으로 이 기술들을 보 완할 경우, 실제 농업 현장 및 연구에서 널리 활용될 가능성이 크다.

Organoleptic parameters such as color, odor, and flavor influence consumer perception of drinking water quality. This study aims to evaluate the taste of the selected bottled and tap water samples using an electronic tongue (E-tongue) instead of a sensory test. Bottled and tap water's mineral components are related to the overall preference for water taste. Contrary to the sensory test, the potentiometric E-tongue method presented in this study distinguishes taste by measuring the mineral components in water, and the data obtained can be statistically analyzed. Eleven bottled water products from various brands and one tap water from I city in Korea were evaluated. The E-tongue data were statistically analyzed using multivariate statistical tools such as hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The results show that the E-tongue method can clearly distinguish taste discrimination in drinking water differing in water quality based on the ion-related water quality parameters. The water quality parameters that affect taste discrimination were found to be total dissolved solids (TDS), sodium (Na+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sulfate (SO4 2-), chloride (Cl-), potassium (K+) and pH. The distance calculation of HCA was used to quantify the differences between 12 different types of drinking water. The proposed E-tongue method is a practical tool to quantitatively evaluate the differences between samples in water quality items related to the ionic components. It can be helpful in quality control of drinking water.

Melon fruits exhibit a wide range of morphological variations in fruit shape, sugar content, net quality, diameter and weight, which are largely dependent on the variety. These characteristics significantly affect marketability. For netted varieties, the uniformity and pattern of the net serve as key factors in determining the external quality of the melon and act as indicators of its internal quality. In this study, we evaluated the effect of fruit morphology and growth on netting by analyzing the changes in melon fruit quality under LED light treatment and monitoring fruit growth. Computer vision analysis was used for quantitative evaluation of fruit net quality, and a three-variable logistic model was applied to simulate fruit growth. The results showed that melons grown under LED conditions exhibited more uniform fruit shape and improvements in both net quality and sugar content compared to the control group. The results of the logistic model showed minimal error values and consistent curve slopes across treatments, confirming its ability to accurately predict fruit growth patterns under varying light conditions. This study provides an understanding of the effects of fruit shape and growth on net quality.

Molybdenum-tungsten (Mo-W) alloy sputtering targets are widely utilized in fields like electronics, nanotechnology, sensors, and as gate electrodes for TFT-LCDs, owing to their superior properties such as hightemperature stability, low thermal expansion coefficient, electrical conductivity, and corrosion resistance. To achieve optimal performance in application, these targets’ purity, relative density, and grain size of these targets must be carefully controlled. We utilized nanopowders, prepared via the Pechini method, to obtain uniform and fine powders, then carried out spark plasma sintering (SPS) to densify these powders. Our studies revealed that the sintered compacts made from these nanopowders exhibited outstanding features, such as a high relative density of more than 99%, consistent grain size of 3.43 μm, and shape, absence of preferred orientation.

In light of recent social concerns related to issues such as water supply pipe deterioration leading to problems like leaks and degraded water quality, the significance of maintenance efforts to enhance water source quality and ensure a stable water supply has grown substantially. In this study, scan statistic was applied to analyze water quality complaints and water leakage accidents from 2015 to 2021 to present a reasonable method to identify areas requiring improvement in water management. SaTScan, a spatio-temporal statistical analysis program, and ArcGIS were used for spatial information analysis, and clusters with high relative risk (RR) were determined using the maximum log-likelihood ratio, relative risk, and Monte Carlo hypothesis test for I city, the target area. Specifically, in the case of water quality complaints, the analysis results were compared by distinguishing cases occurring before and after the onset of "red water." The period between 2015 and 2019 revealed that preceding the occurrence of red water, the leak cluster at location L2 posed a significantly higher risk (RR: 2.45) than other regions. As for water quality complaints, cluster C2 exhibited a notably elevated RR (RR: 2.21) and appeared concentrated in areas D and S, respectively. On the other hand, post-red water incidents of water quality complaints were predominantly concentrated in area S. The analysis found that the locations of complaint clusters were similar to those of red water incidents. Of these, cluster C7 exhibited a substantial RR of 4.58, signifying more than a twofold increase compared to pre-incident levels. A kernel density map analysis was performed using GIS to identify priority areas for waterworks management based on the central location of clusters and complaint cluster RR data.

한국의 목조건축문화유산은 상당수가 산림에 인접하여 흰개미에 의한 피해에 취약하다. 국내 흰개미 방제법은 살충제 접촉을 통한 화학적 방제법이 주로 이용되며, 방제 기간을 단축하기 위해서는 흰개미를 빠르게 약제까지 유인시킬 방법이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 한국 서식 흰개미 에 대한 유인물질로 이산화탄소를 선정하여 유인여부 및 적절한 유인농도를 탐색하였으며, 지중 환경에서의 유인효력 기초평가를 진행하였다. 평가를 통해 흰개미에 대한 이산화탄소의 유인 효과를 확인하였으며, 이산화탄소 농도 10% 이하의 유효한 범위를 선정하였다. 또한 지중에서의 유인 효과를 확인함으로써 지중 환경에서의 적용 가능성을 파악하였다. 향후 현장에서 이산화탄소의 적용방안을 연구함으로써, 목조건축문화유 산의 흰개미 방제 시 개선된 방제 효과를 가질 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Demand for research on the use of hydrogen, an eco-friendly fuel, is rapidly increasing in accordance with global environmental problems and IMO environmental regulations in the shipbuilding and marine industry. In the case of hydrogen, similar to liquefied natural gas, it has a characteristic that its volume decreases hundreds of times during phase transformation from gas to liquid, so it must be stored in a tank in the form of liquefied hydrogen for transport efficiency. The material of the liquid hydrogen tank is selected in consideration of mechanical properties and hydrogen embrittlement at cryogenic temperatures. In this study, welding research was conducted on STS316L material, which was most commonly used in the space industry. In this study, flux cored arc welding was performed under 4 welding conditions to derive the optimal welding conditions for STS316L material, and then mechanical properties of the welded part were compared and analyzed.

한반도에 분포하는 백악기 육성퇴적층 중 경상누층군 퇴적물의 기원지 조성과 조구조 환경에 대한 연구는 활발 하게 이루어진 반면에 그 외 퇴적층에 대한 사암의 암석학적 연구는 아직 부족하다. 본 연구에서는 부산 기장군 일광 읍 신평리 해안가 일대에 분포하는 백악기 이천리층의 사암을 대상으로 암석기재학적 연구를 수행하여 기원지의 특성 에 대한 예비 해석 결과를 보고하였다. 이천리층 사암은 미성숙한 조성과 조직을 나타내며 백악기 당시 유라시아 동쪽 연변부에서 일어난 고태평양판의 섭입에 의해 융기하여 발달한 화산호로부터 단시간에 퇴적물이 생성되어 운반된 것으 로 보인다. 그리고 사암 내 부수광물로 크롬 첨정석이 다수 관찰되는데, 이는 기원지에 초고철질암이 분포하였음을 의 미한다. 향후 추가 연구를 바탕으로 크롬 첨정석 기원암의 형성 환경 뿐만 아니라 이천리층 퇴적 당시 경상분지 동남 부의 조구조 환경에 대한 해석과 경상누층군과의 층서 대비가 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

This study investigated the quality characteristics of beyolmijang prepared with corn (steamed and roasted corn) with different pretreatments and simultaneously added starter (Bacillus velezensis JH1). pH decreased, whereas total acidity showed a tendency to increase. The moisture content decreased slightly according to the fermentation period. In color, the L and b values decreased in all samples, whereas the a value showed a tendency to increase significantly. In microorganisms, sample D had more lactic acid bacteria, whereas the mold content was lower. The total polyphenol content was highest at six weeks in sample E, and other samples showed a tendency to decrease over eight weeks. Antioxidant activity increased significantly. In particular, the content in sample E was significantly higher. Reducing sugar showed a tendency to increase as the fermentation period increased. The highest content was found in sample C containing roasted corn at six weeks of fermentation. Amino nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen content increased in all samples. As a result of electronic tongue, sample E prepared with steamed corn, roasted corn, and lactic acid bacteria showed a low salty taste, sour taste, and high umami taste and was considered a good material for the development of byeolmijang.

High-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps have been widely used as a useful supplemental light source to emit sufficient photosynthetically active radiation and provide a radiant heat, which contribute the heat requirement in greenhouses. The objective of this study to analyze the thermal characteristics of HPS lamp and thermal behavior in supplemented greenhouse, and evaluate the performance of a horizontal leaf temperature of sweet pepper plants using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. We simulated horizontal leaf temperature on upper canopy according to three growth stage scenarios, which represented 1.0, 1.6, and 2.2 plant height, respectively. We also measured vertical leaf and air temperature accompanied by heat generation of HPS lamps. There was large leaf to air temperature differential due to non-uniformity in temperature. In our numerical calculation, thermal energy of HPS lamps contributed of 50.1% the total heat requirement on Dec. 2022. The CFD model was validated by comparing measured and simulated data at the same operating condition. Mean absolute error and root mean square error were below 0.5, which means the CFD simulation values were highly accurate. Our result about vertical leaf and air temperature can be used in decision making for efficient thermal energy management and crop growth.

The quality and antioxidant characteristics of apios (Apios americana Medikus) according to different harvest periods and steaming treatment were investigated. The quality and antioxidant characteristics of apios were significantly different depending on harvest periods. Total starch contents was higher in 1st harvesting period as 62.32 g/100 g than other harvesting period. The water binding capacity and water solubility index was higher in 1st harvesting period as 228.65 and 11.29% than other harvesting period. The sucrose and total free sugar contents were 3.64~8.67 and 4.49~9.54 g/100 g, respectively. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of apios was the highest 2nd and 4th harvesting period at 4.21 mg GAE/g and 611.11 μg CE/g, respectively. DPPH radical scavenging activity was higher in 1st harvesting period as 84.96 mg TE/100 g than other harvesting period, and decreased as the harvest periods were delayed. ABTS radical scavenging activity and ferric-reducing antioxidant power were 43.81~47.89 mg TE/g and 231.20~264.07 mM/100 g, and increased to 50.58~51.44 mg TE/g and 342.55~384.29 mM/100 g after heat treatment. As a result, it is thought that studies on change of quality and physicochemical characteristics according to cultivation characteristics should be preceded for cultivation stability of apios.