This study was conducted to develop a model for predicting the growth of kimchi cabbage using image data and environmental data. Kimchi cabbages of the ‘Cheongmyeong Gaual’ variety were planted three times on July 11th, July 19th, and July 27th at a test field located at Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do (37°37′ N 128°32′ E, 510 elevation), and data on growth, images, and environmental conditions were collected until September 12th. To select key factors for the kimchi cabbage growth prediction model, a correlation analysis was conducted using the collected growth data and meteorological data. The correlation coefficient between fresh weight and growth degree days (GDD) and between fresh weight and integrated solar radiation showed a high correlation coefficient of 0.88. Additionally, fresh weight had significant correlations with height and leaf area of kimchi cabbages, with correlation coefficients of 0.78 and 0.79, respectively. Canopy coverage was selected from the image data and GDD was selected from the environmental data based on references from previous researches. A prediction model for kimchi cabbage of biomass, leaf count, and leaf area was developed by combining GDD, canopy coverage and growth data. Single-factor models, including quadratic, sigmoid, and logistic models, were created and the sigmoid prediction model showed the best explanatory power according to the evaluation results. Developing a multi-factor growth prediction model by combining GDD and canopy coverage resulted in improved determination coefficients of 0.9, 0.95, and 0.89 for biomass, leaf count, and leaf area, respectively, compared to single-factor prediction models. To validate the developed model, validation was conducted and the determination coefficient between measured and predicted fresh weight was 0.91, with an RMSE of 134.2 g, indicating high prediction accuracy. In the past, kimchi cabbage growth prediction was often based on meteorological or image data, which resulted in low predictive accuracy due to the inability to reflect on-site conditions or the heading up of kimchi cabbage. Combining these two prediction methods is expected to enhance the accuracy of crop yield predictions by compensating for the weaknesses of each observation method.

To investigate the optimum harvesting time of rice from June to December 2015 at Yezin in Middle plain area of Myanmar. The rice cultivars tested were Dasan2, Yeongpungbyeo(Korean cultivars) and Shwe Thwe Yin(Myanmar cultivar). The ripened grain rate were high when the harvesting date after heading were between 35 and 40 days for Dasan2, Yeongpungbyeo and between 30 and 35days for Shwe Thwe Yin, respectively. The highest yield of rice was obtained when harvested 35 to 40days after heading for all cultivars. However, the shattering loss was the highest in 40days after heading, the yield losses in 40DAF(days after flowering) are 2 to 2.7 times more than other treatments in 30DAF. Therefore, the estimated optimum harvesting times are 40DAF, 31DAF and 25DAF for Dasan2, Yeongpungbyeo and Shwe Thwe Yin, respectively.

To improve rice productivity in Myanmar, we evaluated two Korean rice cultivars and one Myanmar rice cultivar comprised of planting density and fertilization amount in three experiments from rainy season 2014 to dry and rainy season 2015. In the planting density experiment during wet season 2014, the rice yield in ‘Yeongpoong’ and ‘Shwethweyin’ cultivars increased considerably under high planting density but there was no significant differences in rice yield of ‘Dasan 2’ cultivar between planting density treatment. In dry season cultivation 2015, rice yield increased considerably under high planting density at all experimental cultivars. In wet season cultivation 2015, the rice yield of ‘Dasan 2’ and ‘Yeongpoong’ cultivars was significantly increased except ‘Shwethweyin’ cultivar. The yield of ‘Dasan 2’ cultivar was high in rainy season but there was much variation in yield among the planting density treatment and cultivation years. The yield of ‘Yeongpoong’ cultivar was higher in wet season cultivation than dry season cultivation and significantly increased with planting density. In the fertilization amount experiment, the yield of ‘Dasan 2’ cultivar cultivated in wet season 2014 was increased considerably with increasing fertilization amount but there was no difference between ‘Yeongpoong’ and ‘Shwethweyin’ cultivar. The yield of ‘Yeongpoong’ cultivar cultivated in dry and wet season 2015 was increased significantly with increasing fertilization amount. The Myanmar rice cultivar ‘Shwethweyin’ was no difference in yield with increasing fertilization amount. The yield of Korea cultivars ‘Dasan 2’ and ‘Yeongpoong’ was increased significantly with increasing fertilization amount but there was some yearly and seasonal variation. From the above results, if cultivation techniques would be applied in Myanmar, it is possible to raise productivity by using Korean rice cultivars.

To select appropriate Korean varieties in Myanmar, a serial experiments using rice varieties developed in Korea were conducted for 2 years, 2014 and 2015. Among the yield components, panicle number per hill of Shwe Thwe Yin, Myanmar variety, was 14, 19, 17 for 2014 dry season, 2014 wet season and 2015 dry season, respectively, which are 6, 1.3 and 5 panicles more than that of Korean varieties. The grain number per panicle, the ripened grain rate, 1,000 grain weight and yield of Korean rice varieties higher than that of Shwe Thwe Yin, Myanmar variety, at 2014 dry season and wet season. However, grain numbers per panicle, ripened grain rate of Shwe Thwe Yin were similar to that of Korean varieties, the yield of Myanmar variety was higher than yield of Korean varieties, at 2015 dry season. And to study the wide area adoptability, korean rice varieties and Shwe Thwe Yin were tested for 2 years, 2014, 2015 and 3 regions, the yield of Hanareum, Hangangchal 1 and Dasan 2 were higher than the yield of Shwe Thwe Yin and the regional variation of these korean varieties lower than that of Shwe Thwe Yin at 2014 wet season. Dasan 2 and Hangangchal 1 were selected as promising rice varieties in Myanmar.

본 연구는 고추 종자산업의 해외진출 확대 및 수출산업화의 기초자료로 이용할 수 있는 정보를 제공하기 위하여 수행하였다. 최근 빠른 경제성장을 보이는 인도네시아와 베트남을 대상으로 고추의 주산단지별 재배현황 및 품종동향, 병해충 등을 조사 분석하였다. 인도네시아는 세계 4위의 인구대국으로, 최근 5년간 평균6%의 경제성장을 보이는 국가이다. 인도네시아에서 주로 재배되는 고추 타입은 Spiral과 대과종이며, 주 재배지역은 동부 자바와 중부 자바 지역이다. 주요 품종으로는 “Gada”, “Lado”, “TM 999” 및 “Hot Chilli” 이다. 수출용 품종의 구비조건은 청고병, 역병 등의 토양 전염병 및 총채벌레, 열대파리와 같은 해충에 강한 품종이어야 한다. 베트남의 인구규모는 한국의 약 2배에 이르며, 2013년 기준 국내총생산(GDP)이 1,700억 달러이다. 베트남에서 주로 재배되는 고추 타입은 Short Erect(하늘초)로서 주요 품종은 “EW207”과 “Chenh phong No.1”이다. 베트남 수출용 품종을 육성할 때 가장 문제가 되는 탄저병 및 청고병에 대한 저항성을 고려하는 것이 필요하다.

브로콜리는 항암기능 및 항산화 물질로 알려진 글루코시놀레이트와 플라보노이드를 다량 함유하고 있어 최근 우리나라에서도 생산 및 소비가 급증하고 있는 채소이다. 그러나, 브로콜리는 신선 농산물 중에서 호흡율이 매우 높아 수확 후 품질수명이 짧은 단점을 갖고 있다. 브로콜리의 수확 후 품질에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인으로는 화뢰의 황화현상, 시들음, 이취, 부패 등이 있으며, 1−MCP, 에탄올, UV−C, 열처리 등과같은 수확 후 처리기술을 사용하여 우수한 품질을 유지하는것이 가능하다. 특히 예냉과 저온저장을 포함하는 콜드체인 시스템은 저장 수명 연장 및 우수 품질을 유지하기 위한 가장좋은 방법으로 제시되고 있다. 적정 저장 온도는 0oC, 상대습도는 95~100%가 바람직하며, CA 저장 또는 MA포장을 통해 저장성을 높이는 방법으로 1−2% O2+ 5 − 10% CO2의 공기조성이 제시되고 있다. 건강채소로 각광받고 있는 브로콜리는 수확시기에 따라 가격변동성이 높고, 기후변화에 의한 생산량 예측이 어려워 저장에 따른 품질 유지가 재배농가의 소득에 직접적인 영향을 미친다고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 브로콜리의 수확에 따른 생리적 변화 특성을 이해하고, 저장방법 및 유통 단계별 품질 저하를 최소화 할 수 있는 종합적인 관리방법의 연구동향을 파악하고자 하였다.

본 연구는 지황의 플러그 육묘 재배가 생산량을 증가시킬 수 있는지 평가하고, 강원도 남부지역에 플러그 육묘를 이용한 지황 재배 시 중부지역의 직파재배만큼 생산량을 늘릴 수 있는지 알아보기 위해 수행하였다. 수량의 경우 음성 육묘재배(1,376 ㎏/10a)가 가장 높았고, 그 다음으로 평창 육묘재배(1,256 ㎏ /10a), 음성 직파재배(1,253 ㎏/10a), 평창 직파재배(923 ㎏ /10a) 순으로 나타나, 강원도에서 육묘재배시에 중부지역 직파 재배만큼 생산량을 늘릴 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 지황은 근경 굵기가 8-12 ㎜가 중품(中品), 그 이상이 상품(上品)의 등급으로 팔리는데, 재배실험지역과 재배방법에 상관없이 모두 14 ㎜가 넘어 상품성(商品性)에도 문제가 없었다. 그러므로 생산량과 품질 조건을 고려해 볼 때, 플러그 육묘 재배를 통해 생산량을 늘릴 수 있었으며, 강원도에서 플러그 육묘를 이용한 지황 재배 시 중부지방의 직파재배와 비슷한 생산이 가능할 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 본 연구결과를 적용하기에는 늘어나는 생산비와 증가되는 수익을 고려한 경제성 분석이 더 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

본 연구는 지황이 강원도 남부지역에서 재배가 가능한 대체 작목인지 평가하기 위해 수행하였다. 수량의 경우 음성 1,848 ㎏/10a, 정선 1,571 ㎏/10a, 평창 1,485 ㎏/10a로, 2015년부터 2017년 지황 평균 단수인 838 ㎏/10a보다 높게 나타났다. 또한, 지황은 근경 굵기가 15 ㎜ 전후가 되면 상품(上品)의 등급으로 팔리는데, 강원도 재배지역 모두 15 ㎜가 넘어 상품성(商品性) 에도 문제가 없었다. 그러므로 생산량과 품질 조건을 고려해 볼 때, 현재 강원도에서 지황 재배는 가능할 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 본 연구결과를 적용하기에는 강원도의 여러 제반 사항을 고려한 경제성 분석이 더 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

본 연구는 참당귀 재배 시에 발생하는 추대 참당귀를 부산물로 활용가능성이 있는지 평가하기 위해 수행하였다. 추대 참당귀의 지상부와 지하부의 총 무게는 수확기 비추대 참당귀의 지하부 무게 대비 약 98.5%로 높게 나타났다. 또한 추대 당귀의 decursin과 decursinol angelate의 총 함량은 주 생산품인 참당귀 신(身)의 지표성분 총 함량인 4.24%와 대비해 부위별로 0.64%~2.39%로 나타났으며, 이는 추출물로 이용 시 생산품 대비 15~56%에 해당하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 항상화 활성의 경우 추대 참당귀는 전반적으로 비추대 참당귀에 비해 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 추대 참당귀의 생산량, 지표성분 함량 그리고 항산화 활성 결과를 고려해 봤을 때, 추대 참당귀의 부산물은 사료 첨가제 및 화장품 용도의 추출물로 이용 가능성이 높은 것으로 생각된다.

Angelica gigas Nakai (AGN) is a traditional medicinal herb especially in Korea. It contains pyranocoumarins, which are major active components including decursin (D) and decursinol angelate (DA). This study was carried out to determine the change in active component content and antioxidant activity depending on the root diameter of AGN. Several processing steps are involved to use AGN roots as medicine. The dried AGN roots are divided into body (B), thick root (TkR), medium root (MR) and thin root (TnR) according to their diameter before cutting into medicine. The recovery rates of each root parts per 100 ㎏ were measured as 32.3±2.5, 9.0±1.0, 39.3±2.1 and 15.0±1.0%, respectively and the mean diameters were measured as 51.95±4.55, 7.05±0.89, 2.88±0.49 and 1.57±0.32 ㎜. Two index components, D and DA, were analyzed. The change of both D and DA content showed a similar tendency. Both D and DA content were increased as the root diameter decreased (higher in TnR). In addition, antioxidant activity was higher in B and TnR, and lower in TkR and MR than control. This study showed that the thinner the root diameter, the higher the D and DA content in AGN roots and that TnR has excellent antioxidant activity compared to other root parts, suggesting that the thinner root part of AGN could be used as a potential material.

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is one of the most economically important cucurbitaceous crop over the world. Anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum orbiculare, result to severe damage to cucurbits worldwide. Anthracnose is a typical plant disease which significantly affecting the yield of cucurbit crop. Pathogeneis-related (PR) proteins are well-known plant defense proteins against pathogens. Therefore, we observed PR genes expression patterns when watermelon got anthracnose disease. We did RT-PCR experiment to evaluate differences of PR genes expression pattern among Au-Producer(R), one of the representative of resistance watermelon varieties against anthracnose, and 920533(S), one of the representative of susceptible watermelon varieties against anthracnose. As a result, there were differences of the expression of several PR genes between the R and S watermelon. Analysis of the function of these genes is expected to perform in the future.

수박은 토마토에 비하여 라이코핀 함량이 60% 높으며, 라이코핀 고함유 수박 품종개발에 관심이 집중되고 있다. 그러나 라이코핀 함량 분석을 위한 대량 분석 체계가 마련되지 않아 고함유 유전자원의 선발에 어려움이 있었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 신속하고 간편한 lycopene 함량 분석기술의 개발과, 개발된 기술(microplate법)을 이용하여 라이코핀 고함유 유전자원을 선발하고자 하였다. 그 결과 UV spectrophotometer를 이용한 방법을 개선하여 Microplate법을 개발하였다. Microplate법은 HPTLC를 이용한 방법과 약 97%로 높은 정의 상관을 나타내어 분석의 정확성이 높은 방법임을 확인하였다. 따라서 Microplate법을 이용하여 수박 유전자원, 계통 및 96점을 대상으로 수박 과실의 라이코핀 함량을 분석한 결과 라이코핀 함량이 생체중 1 g 당 3.2∼98.3 μg･g-1의 넓은 변이를 보였다. 선발 유전자원은 시판 대비품종(스피드플러스; 10.3 μg･g-1 FW)에 비하여 4.4∼9.6배 높은 수준이었다. 선발된 자원들은 라이코핀 고함량 품종개발에 이용 될 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

매운맛은 고추품질에 영향을 주는 주요형질 가운데 하나이 다. 매운맛 분석은 번거롭고 시간이 많이 소요되는 작업이다. 매운맛 분석 효율을 개선하기 위해 본 연구에서는 0.1 N NaOH 와 0.2% 2,6-dichloroquinone chlorimide 용액을 이용한 간 이분석법을 개발하였다. 이 방법을 분무법으로 명명하였는데, 위 분무액을 과피를 제거한 고추 과실에 직접 분무하거나 고 추 절단면이 찍힌 종이 위에 분무함으로써 캡사이시노이드를 5분 이내에 분석할 수 있었다. 분무법의 캡사이시노이드 검출 감도는 40 ppm이었고, 분무법으로 캡사이시노이드 유무, 대 략적인 양, 과에서의 분포를 육안으로 판독할 수 있었다. 분무 법은 고신미 고추 품종을 육성하는 고추 육성 현장에 매우 유 용할 것으로 판단된다. 사

본 연구는 고온에 안정적인 TSWV 저항성 유전자원을 선발하기 위해 수행되었다. 우선, 저항성 검정조건을 마련하고자 8점의 TSWV 저항성 육성계통을 두 가지 온도 조건(주간 25℃ ± 3.1℃, 35℃ ± 2.2℃)에서 검정을 실시하였다. 8점 중 두 계통(11VR35와11VR51)은 25℃에서 이병율이 모두 0.0%이었으나 35℃에서는 각각 100%, 80%의 이병율을 보였다. 아울러11VR32 11VR47 11VR53 11VR54 는 25℃에서 이병율이28.6%, 37.5%, 10.0%, 10.0%를 보여 중도저항성으로 평가되었으나 35℃에서는 이병율이 모두 100%로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 고온(30℃ 이상)에서 저항성이 변화한다는 기존 보고와 유사한 결과를 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 TSWV저항성 검정은 고온에서 실시하는 것이 안정적이라고 판단되었다. 이러한 조건으로 저항성검정을 실시한 결과 5점의 TSWV 저항성 유전자원을 선발하였다. 5점의 TSWV 저항성 유전자원은 2 C.annuum (11PM25, 11PM28), 3 C.chinense (11FL34, 11FL38, 11FL44)이다. 그러나 이들은 Tsw에 의한 과민반응(hypersensitivity response; HR)과 같은 증상은 없었다. 따라서 5점의 TSWV 저항성 유전자원은 TSWV 저항성 품종육성에 새로운 저항성 재료로 사용될 것으로 기대된다.

Regarding carotenoids content, the genetic basis, heritability and combining ability in six red pepper inbred lines were investigated using full diallel crosses. Both additive and non-additive gene actions govern inheritance of carotenoids content. The mean square of array through variance and covariance analysis (Wr-Vr) was insignificant, which suggest that inbred lines involved in diallel cross may have no epistatic effects. The Vr/Wr graph revealed the influence of partial dominant gene action towards low carotenoids content and the absence of non-allelic interaction. The H2 component was smaller than the H1 and the [H2/4H1] component was 0.187 less than 0.25, indicating unequal proportion of positive and negative alleles in the parents. The estimates of broad and narrow sense heritability for carotenoids content were 0.956 and 0.832, respectively. The variance of general combining ability (GCA) was relatively higher than that of specific combining ability (SCA), which implied that the additive gene effects were predominant as compared to both dominant and epistatic effects for the accumulation of carotenoids in this genetic population. The values of GCA of ‘62024L1’ and ‘62067L2’ were higher than those of the other parents. These 2 inbred lines, therefore, can be considered as useful breeding materials to enhance fruit carotenoids content in other red pepper varieties.

To determine the characteristics of four different sweet pumpkins (Minimam, Bojjang, Ajikuroi and Kurijiman), juices were made from these varieties. The carotenoids in the flesh were 1.5∼2 times higher than those in the skin and were highest in the flesh of the Minimam pumpkin among all the pumpkin varieties studied. The vitamin A contents were higher in the skin than in the flesh, and Minimam had the highest vitamin A content (2,016.57 IU/100 g) while Kurijiman had the lowest (998.83 IU/100 g). The vitamin C contents varied from 43.21 to 82.35 mg%, but there were no significant differences between the flesh and the skin. That of Kurijiman was the highest among the varieties studied. The major mineral of these varieties was potassium, which was highest in the flesh of Ajikuroi, followed by phosphorus. The antioxidant activities of the sweet pumpkin water extracts were higher in the skin than in the flesh. The EC50 of the Minimam skin was the highest (4.01 mg/mL), and that of the Ajikuroi flesh was the lowest. The sweet pumpkin juice yields were 69.5∼89.4%, with significant differences shown according to the variety. That of the peeled Ajikuroi's flesh was the highest. The pH was 7.17∼7.83, and the unpeeled sweet pumpkin's pH was higher than that of the peeled sweet pumpkin. The Brix degree was 12.5∼16.6 °Brix, with that of the unpeeled Bojjang being the highest(16.1 °Brix) and that of the unpeeled Ajikuroi the lowest (12.7 °Brix). The sweet pumpkin beverage made with pressed juice was adjusted by pH 3.5 with citric acid, and the Brix degree was maintained at the 12 °Brix with sugar. The adjusted beverage, which was the peeled pumpkin flesh juice, had suspension stability for a short time. The sweet pumpkin beverage had a certain flovor and a slimy mouthfeel. Bojjang and Kurijiman were evaluated as the best in the terms of taste and color, but the peeled Minimam and Bojjang showed the best results overall.

More than 2,500 accessions of squash germplasm are preserved in the National Agrobidiversity Center of RDA, Korea. We investigated the ecological and morphological characteristics on 100 accessions of the squash germplasms with a low viability. Two typical types of oriental squash (Cucurbita moschata) and western squash (Cucurbita maxima) are possessed 89 and 11 accessions, respectively. The origin of 100 accessions was divided into three groups, group I (Korea landraces with 81 accessions), group II (Nepal with 15 accessions) and group III (Russia, Uzbekistan, Laos, and Mexico with each one accession). Seventy eight accessions germinated at 27~circC in growth chamber. Days to first flowering of the female and male flower ranged from 32 days to 67 days and 24 days to 55 days after planting, respectively. Vine length showed the largest variation ranging from 357.8 cm to 1,465 cm, also the average length of ten stem node range has a variable ranges from 92 cm to 217.5 cm. All regenerated squash accessions have an only collided tendril and have three to seven lateral shoots. The flattened globe-shaped squash is the most predominant and exhibited ordinarily round shaped, ball shaped, long oblong-shaped, elongated shape, and pear shape. The average weight of fruit ranged from 1.33 kg to 7.95 kg. Sugar contents showed 5.4~12.6 Brix~circ without ripening period.