Recently domestic violence has increased drastically and it is not only reflecting violence of the society but also causing reproduction and a vicious circle as an education ground of force at home. However, compared with its seriousness, the policy countermeasures which have been taken to find out realities and causes and to deal with problems are still unsatisfactory. Therefore, through comparative review, needs of comprehensive and systematic study in relation to realities and measures against domestic violence as a human right have been raised. This research is conducted this way as follows. First, compare the actual condition of domestic violence and dynamic structure with social characteristic. Second, weigh legal and institutional issues against domestic abuse comprehensively. Third, from these, draw similarities and differences of family violence and explore legal and systematic measures for its prevention in multilateral ways tailored to our society's culture and peculiarities. Through this research it is possible to reflect by both making right perceptional changes toward domestic violence and diagnosing prevalence of values and social and cultural factors which cause domestic abuse related crimes for fostering equal family culture and policymaking. As a human right it is also possible to activate legal, institutional approach and discussion about domestic abuse while using and making long-term preventive strategies, as a result we can fully guarantee fundamental human rights of victims.

This study is performed to examine the meal management attitudes of housewives who had elementary schoolchildren in the remote rural areas(RA: n = 318, 37.2±0.3 years of age) in comparison to those in their vicinity urban area(UA: n = 349, 36.9±0.2 years of age) in the Chungnam province in Korea. The subjects were asked to fill out the questionnaire on their attitudes of meal management for their families. The results obtained in this study were as followings: (1) Most husbands of the subjects had a farming job in the RA while they had salaried workers in the UA(p〈0.001). Education levels of both subjects and their husbands were lower in the RA than in the UA. Nuclear families were dominated by both groups, however single parent-family and step parent-family were more prevalent in the RA than in the UA. (2) in terms of ways of getting foods such as grains, meats, eggs, vegetables and fruits, the RA housewives relied more often on self-production than did the UA housewives(p〈0.001). (3) The frequency of purchasing unprocessed foods was lower in the RA than in the UA(p〈0.001). The RA housewives purchased the convenient foods such as instant noodles(p〈0.05), ready to eatsoups(p〈0.001), retort pouch foods(p〈0.05) and instant teas(p〈0.05) more frequently than did the UA housewives, while tuna, canned in oil(p〈0.01), milk and their products(p〈0.001), soybean products(p〈0.001) and snacks(p〈0.01) were purchased less often by the RA housewives. (4) Family members except housewives engaged more often in meal preparation in the RA than did those in the UA(p〈0.001), which was more strongly observed for dinner. The time spent in preparing the dinner was shorter in the RA than in the UA(p〈0.001). (5) The degrees of endeavor to provide the subjects' offspring with balanced meal(p〈0.001) and nutrition education(p〈0.01) were lower in the RA than in the UA. The RA housewives had more difficulty for performing meal management because of 'over work-related fatigue', 'insufficient money to purchase foods' and 'far distance from grocery' than the UA housewives(p〈0.001). The RA housewives had lower score on nutritional knowledge(p〈0.001) and wanted more strongly nutritional knowledge to improve the quality of family's meal than did the UA housewives(p〈0.01). Therefore, the RA housewives had various problems regarding meal management such as 'over work related to fatigue', 'food-purchasing inconvenience', 'low economic status of family' and 'lack of nutritional knowledge'. As a consequence the RA housewives relied on cheap convenient foods more often in order to prepare the meal easily than did the UA housewives. These findings emphasize the need in the RA for nutrition education for housewives and a range of nutrition policies that focus upon the social and economic determinants of food choice within families to improve the nutritional status of the RA residents.

본 논문에서는 H사와 공동으로 개발한 가정용 비만치료기의 특징과 치료효과를 측정, 분석한 것이다. 이 가정용 비만치료기는 중주파 활용, 온열벨트 사용과 함께 부작용을 최소화하도록 설계되었는데 성능평가를 위해 20대 여성 8명을 대상으로 1개월 간의 비만치료 실험을 실시하였다. 실험은 심폐기능운동검사를 통하여 피실험자들의 비만치료 실험 전후의 가스교환 반응도(VCO2와 VCO2양의 변화)에 초점을 두었다. 실험결과 체중(kg), 체지방율(%), 체지방량(kg), 비만도(%), 기초대사량(kcal) 등에서 비만감소 효과가 나타났으며 비만치료 전보다 산소(VCO2) 섭취량은 증가한 반면 이산화탄소(VCO2) 배출량은 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 인체의 생리학적측면과 운동 역학적인 측면이 상관관계가 높다는 것을 보여주고 있으며 여기서 개발된 비만치료기가 의학적으로 비만치료에 도움이 될 수 있음을 입증하는 결과라 할 수 있다.

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting on the home treatment stress in the CP (cerebral palsy) children's mothers. Direct interviews were conducted from March 17 with April 4, 2003 with 97 mothers of CP children. The average level of stress from home treatment felt by mothers with CP children was . Stress-levels were especially high in mothers who were not satisfied with the treatment outcome (p<.05) and whose acceptance of disability was low (p<.01). Stress felt by mothers was low when their health status was high (p<.05). A physical burden was shown to have a significant correlation with the stress of the mothers during the home treatment (p<.01). Mothers with a child of Level 2 disability had lower levels of stress than those with a child of Level 4 or 5 disability (p<.01). The level of stress was higher in mothers who lagged in acquiring technical sufficiency (p<.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that one factor affecting the stress felt by mothers with CP children was the degree of acceptance of the disability (p<.01). Programs that can reduce the stress levels of mothers with CP children through home treatment and secure social systems such as professional help and economic compensation, need to be developed. Active policies should be established and executed for these mothers since stress felt by mothers significantly affects the consistency and effectiveness of treatment provided at home.

The purposes of this research were to investigate home care rehabilitation services in rural areas and to collect basic data about disabled persons necessary when for carrying out rehabilitation services. Respondents were selected from six of a total of eight townships (Myon) and one town (Eup) in the Wonju city area. Wonju is in Kangwon Province (Do). Of a total of 338 names provided by the Myon offices, 298 persons were located and included registered and non-registered persons. Conditions included stroke, spinal cord injury, and cerebral palsy in addition to disabilities classified as first, second or third degree, in the case of registered cases. Respondent demographic characteristics, medical characteristics, rehabilitation service needs, willingness to receive rehabilitation service and individual opinions regarding rehabilitation services were analysed by frequency and percentage. The results were as follows: 1) Rehabilitation services received by disabled persons living at home in the rural areas surrounding Wonju city were medical rehabilitation (41.7%), diagnosis (36.5%), rehabilitation assistive devices (7.6%), social assistance (7.1%), rehabilitation counseling (3.0%), vocational rehabilitation (1.8%), educational rehabilitation (1.6%) and housekeeping services (0.5%). The majority of rehabilitation services were medical rehabilitation provided at hospitals and oriental medicine hospitals. 2) Sixty point eight percent of respondents expressed their willingness to receive home care rehabilitation services. Needs expressed were highest for medical rehabilitation (27.0%), followed by social assistance (19.4%), medical examination (12.4%), physician-generated diagnosis in the home setting (11.6%), sociopsychological rehabilitation (9.3%), vocational rehabilitation (7.6%), rehabilitation engineering (6.0%), educational rehabilitation (3.3%), and housekeeping services (3.3%). 3) Rehabilitation service needs were analyzed by severity classification: 65.8% of first degree, 62.7% of second degree and 55.6% of third degree disability classification, and 62.7% of non-registered disabled individuals responded that rehabilitation service was necessary. 4) Rehabilitation service needs were also analyzed by diagnosis: 62.6% of stroke, 85.5% of amputation, 60.0% of spinal cord injury and 52.4% of traumatic brain injury respondents answered positively that they were willing to receive rehabilitation service if it were to be provided. Rehabilitation service utilization data of disabled individuals living at home in rural areas were investigated and their rehabilitation needs analyzed. This critical information can be used when community-based rehabilitation programs for disabled persons living at home are planned for provision out of a public health center or when community-based rehabilitation welfare policy is formulated.

보강된 판 및 쉘구조의 기하학적 비선형해석을 수행하기 위하여, total lagrangian formulation에 근거한 증분 평형방정식을 적용하고, 강도행렬 산정시 회전각의 2차항을 포함시켜 기하학적 비선형 해석시 해의 수렴성을 향상시켰으며, 보강된 쉘 구조의 해석시 보강재를 쉘 요소로 모델링하고 주부재와 보강재의 연결점에서 일반적인 변환관계를 이용하였다. 등매개 쉘 유한요소의 단점인 locking 현상을 극복하기 위하여 가정 변형률장을 적용하여 감차적분 또는 선택적분시 나타날 수 있는 제로 에너지 모드를 제거하였다. 수치해석 예제를 통하여 가정 변형률장에 근거한 쉘유한요소에 대한 효율성 및 적용성을 확인하였다.

As in house care is develops and becomes part of the health care delivery system in Korea, it is necessary to quantify the viewpoints of in-patients and outpatients. The purposes of this study are to analyze the utilization of house visits by physical therapist and to investigate the viewpoint of in- and out-patients who had rehabilitation treatment at 3 general hospitals in Wonju, Korea. Two hundred and fifty-eight questionnaires were analyzed and the major findings are as follows: 1. Sixty-five point seven percentage of respondents showed their willingness to utilize house visits by physical therapist if an in house physical therapy program were established. 2. The questionnaire used a Likert-type scale to ask the respondents their viewpoints on in house physical therapy services. Most respondents showed a positive attitude, answering 'I agree'. The findings show that house visits by physical therapists should be introduced as an integral system for the delivery of health care in Korea.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the current situation of children's milk intake at home and school in order to identify the better way to help children's milk intake. For this, 895 elementary students participated in this study through the questionnaire developed by researchers. Conclusions drawn from the results of this study are as follows : 1. Various kinds of milk should be provided for children both at home and school so that they can choose an appropriate milk for themselves. 2. Teachers at school should help children's milk intake not through forcing them but through appropriate educational approach. 3. Milk distribution system and ways of refrigeration of milk in school should be improved. 4. Nutrition education should be implemented for children so that they themselves choose milk as favorite beverage.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the patterns of Korean traditional food use in the households of middle aged women living in Kyunggido and Incheon area Four hundred eighty seven housewives whose children were in middle school answered the questionnaire about Korean traditional food use patterns in ordinary days, national festive days and in private celebration or memorial days. Most households have used Korean traditional table setting called Bansang as daily meals(96.7%) and have used home-made Kimchi(97.3%). However, the use of home-made Jang such as soy sauce, soybean paste and red pepper soybean paste was not very high(64.3%). Most households have celebrated New Years day(99.6%) with Ddukguk and Manduguk, Chusuk(95.1%) with Songpyun, and fruits, Full-Moon day(95.1%) with Ogokbap, Namul and Brum. Dongji was celebrated with Patjug by 73.3% of households. However, Samjitnal and Danho were celebrated with Whajeon and Ssukjulpyun by only 18.9% and 43.8% of the households respectively. The households using Korean traditional food to celebrate the birthday, the 1st birthday of child, the wedding or to memorize the passing day of ancestors were 96.0%, 80.7%, 81.3% and 86.7% respectively. Compared to households of urban and nuclear family, households of rural and extended family tended to use significantly more Korean traditional foods in many occasions and showed significantly higher rate of using home-made Kimchi and Jang.

Heat transfer performance improvement by fin and groovs is studied for condensation of R-11 on integral-fin tubes. Eight tubes with trapczodially shaped integral-fins having fin density from 748 to 1654fpm(fin per meter) and 10, 30 grooves are tested. A plain tube having the same diameter as the finned tubes is also used for comparison. R-11 condensates at saturation state of 32 ℃ on the outside tube surface coded by inside water flow. All of test data are taken at steady state. The heat transfer loop is used for testing singe long tubes and cooling is pumped from a storage tank through filters and folwmeters to the horizontal test section where it is heated by steam condensing on the outside of the tubes. The pressure drop across the test section is measured by menas pressure gauge and manometer. The results obtained in this study is as follows : 1. Based on inside diameter and nominal inside area, overall heat transfer coefficients of finned tube are enhanced up to 1.6 ~ 3.7 times that of a plain tube at a constant Reynolds number. 2. Friction factors are up to 1.6 ~ 2.1 times those of plain tubes. 3. The constant pumping power ratio for the low integral-fin tubes increase directly with the effective area to the nominal area ratio, and with the effective area diameter ratio. 4. A tube having a fin density of 1299fpm and 30 grooves has the best heat transfer performance.

The purpose of this study is to explore the daily meal pattern in Seoul families. The informations of this study were obtained from 443 housewives in Seoul during August 20 to September 20, 1994, by using questionaires. The χ^2 test was applied to see the individual data. The following observations were made in this study. 57% of Seoul families had rice with side dish set three times a day, the first choice for rice substitute was bread in breakfast and noodle in lunch, 98% of the subjects had rice in dinner. The change of the meal pattern from boiled rice to bread and noodle was the result of social changes such as urbanization, heightening up of education level of woman and the resulting increase of woman employment. They were consumed 2∼5 varieties of side dishes. The favorite were Kimchi and Cigae` and Guk. The major meal pattern is Seoul is still the traditional one composed of boiled rice and side dishes.

The purpose of this paper was to grasp some aspects of use of imported foods at the rural homes with the growing generation. So we put some questions to the 399 middle school and high school students. The results were as follows: (1) The number of the homes using the imported foods, which marks 56.9% of the whole, was higher than the number of the homes not using the ones. (2) Even though the use of imported foods had no relation with the occupations of the student's mothers, the degree of living quality, the situations of food consumption, and so on, however the use ratio was high at the homes of middle class. (3) The students of the home of using imported foods favored the traditional diets, and marked 63% of the objective students of investigation. The students who like the western style of diets marked the high frequency of the use of the imported foods. On the other hand, the students who like the Chinese foods used the meat and fishes and processed foodstuffs among the imported foods. (4) The frequency of instant foods for the carried lunches showed the meaningful relation with frequency of use of imported foods. (5) In the view of use of instant foods for the lunches, the group of people who carried the lunches 3 or 5 times per week used the imported meat foods, the other group who carried the lunches 1 or 2 times per week marked the high frequency of having coffee and tea.

The preparation method for traditional kochujang (fermented hot pepper-soybean paste) at home were surveyed by 1,436 housewives through the country by premade questionnaires. The kochujang meju (Korean style soybean Koji for kochujang) were made by solely soybean (45.3% of respondents) or soybean with rice (26.3%) from September to November (52.2%) or December to February (32.7%). The shape of meju was either doughnut (28.4%) or brick (25.6%) type. Kochujang making seasons were either from March to May (56.6%) or December to February (25.0%) and it was prepared in proportion of mostly 6~10% meju powder (32%) with over 20% of red pepper powder (57.2%) prepared by seed removed dry red pepper. Subsidiary ingredients for kochujang making were boiled waxy rice (73.5%), malt (33.3%), corn syrup (18.9%) or corn syrup with malt (21.9%). After mixing all ingredients, kochujang in clay pot were occasionally exposed to the sun for fermentation for 3~4 months (35.0%) or 1~2 months (34.7%).

For the purpose of clarifying to what degree the mothers of developmentally delayed children are involved in treating their child at home. 193 mothers were sampled from 220 mothers of developmentally delayed children below 12 years of age who have visited one of four institutions: the Rehabilitation Hospital of Yonsei Medical Center, Inchon Severance Hospital, Disabled Welfare Center in Myongil-dong, and Nambu Disabled Welfare Hall. The study period was from Mar. 25, 1995 through Apr. 15, 1995. A questionnaire survey was conducted listing the characteristics of the developmentally delayed children, their mothers, mother's satisfaction with their therapists, and the actual conditions of the home treatment. 1. The mothers who treat their child at home for more than 31 minutes a day show a high involvement score, while the mothers of those who give treatment for less than 30 minutes a. day show a low involvement score. That is, the longer the treatment, the greater the involvement score. This indicates a statistically significant result(p<0.01). 2. In cases where a child's father is involved in the home treatment, his/her mother discloses a statistically high involvement score(p<0.001). 3. The result of analysis of cases where other family members, relatives or friends (fathers excepted) reveals a statistically significant high involvement score(p<0.05) for the mother. 4. Mothers in general represent a statistically significant high involvement in home treatment. In the meantime, the mothers in a nuclear family show a higher involvement home treatment than mothers in an extended family(p<0.01). 5. Among those respondents who think that home treatment is helpful and that mothers' involvement in home treatment is helpful, the mothers record a statistically significant high involvement score(p<0.05). When seen from the above perspectives, it seems of much significance that fathers and other relatives or family members play an important role in enhancing the involvement of mothers in home treatment. One point to note here is that providing a long home treatment time is crucial. Therefore, it is recommended that family members have access to rehabilitation treatment for training developmentally delayed children or their care giver; and moreover, we needed to carry out family training or at least arrange for meetings between the family members and medical personnel involved in the child's rehabilitation.

본 연구에서는 재래 방법에 따라 생산되고 있는 전통발효식품(된장, 간장, 고추장)에 함유되어 있는 Ochratoxin A(OT-A) 를 면역학적 정량분석법인 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELl SA)와 Chemiluminescence Immunoassay(CIA)법을 개발하여 훈석하였다. 각 가정에서 생산하여 소비되는 장류(된장 13종. 간장 12종. 고추장 14종)와 채래척언 방법으로 생산하여 국 내시장에서 유통되고 있는 장류(된장 17종, 간장 11총)로 나누어 분석올 실시하였다.OT-A 흘 정량 조사한 표준독션의 작성 결과 CIA나 ELISA 모두 sensiti까ty는 20 pg/assay 이었으며, 본 실험에서 사용한 면역분석법의 OT-A 회수율은 90% 이상이었다.OT-A 의 잔존량은 가정에서 생산하여 소비되는 시료의 경우 된장 7.1 :t 3.7 ng/g, 간장 2. l:t 2.6 ng/g 그리고 고추장이 4.0 :t 1.9 ng/g 이었으며, 반면 재래시장에 유통되고 있는 시료의 경우 된장이 비교척 잔존량이 높은 22.5 :t 14.0 ng/g, 간장이 16.9:t 4.1 ng/g으로 나타나 가정에서 생산되고 있는 전통발효식품의 경우 OT-A의 오염도가 아주 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 한편 OT-A 의 가옐안정생 시험에서는 60, 90, 121 "c 에서 120 분까지 가열 처리하여 OT-A의 잔존량올 조사하였던 바 121 "c 의 고압처리(1 20 min)에서도 안정하였다.