In this paper we have examined the linear stability of triangular equilibrium points in the photogravitational restricted three body problem when both primaries are triaxial rigid bodies, the bigger one an oblate spheroid and source of radiation. The orbits about the Lagrangian equilibrium points are important for scientific investigation. A number of space missions have been completed and some are being proposed by various space agencies. We analyze the periodic motion in the neighbourhood of the Lagrangian equilibrium points as a function of the value of the mass parameter. Periodic orbits of an infinitesimal mass in the vicinity of the equilibrium points are studied analytically and numerically. The linear stability of triangular equilibrium points in the photogravitational restricted three body problem with Poynting- Robertson drag when both primaries are oblate spheroids has been examined by A. Kumar (2007). We have found the equations of motion and triangular equilibrium points for our problem. With the help of the characteristic equation we have discussed stability conditions. Finally, triangular equilibrium points are stable in the linear sense. It is further seen that the triangular points have long or short periodic elliptical orbits in the same range of μ.

Open source "Boost Lib" in this paper is to propose a distributed processing architecture of the game server, and the server models the whole vertical extension of the load generated by a specific process, the load on the game server for both the horizontal scale model of a typical distributed system, Dispersing the processing game process, and corresponds to the load.Multi-server architecture is distributed into the game world to the local level. Since the distributed server to process by integrating the entire process of the game server divided area, when only a specific process, the throughput increases a load to cause the load itself is transferred, the entire game server the local server is slow. If the load is generated in the specific process in the multi-server architecture must scale the game server or the game server cluster. However, while the load of a particular server extensions are uneconomic to process less meaningless. Therefore, the conventional method of dispersing uniformly without separate operations for all the processes are dispersed to the more process unit will be more and better ways to game services in general reliable service throughout is possible. for all the processes are dispersed to the more process unit will be more and better ways to game services in general reliable service throughout is possible.

To investigate the usefulness of Kenaf(Hibiscus cannabinus L.) as mushroom culture media source, we analyzephysical condition and contents of nutritional components. The water absorption rate of Kenaf bast was 578% and it was 95%higher than that of poplar sawdust’s. This was caused by Kenaf’s porous cellular structure. so it could give more moisture andoxygen to cultured mushroom. Total carbon contents of Kenaf was 91.4%, it was quite higher than that of poplar sawdust, wheatbran and rice bran. Total nitrogen content was 1.76% and C/N ratio was 51.9. The content of NFE(Nitrogen free extract) was46.6% and it was similar with rice bran. Cellulose content was higher than poplar but lignin content was lower. speciallyhemicellulose and pectin complex which more digestible carbon source to mushroom was 3.7% higher than poplar. Mineralcomponent and amino acid contents were also maintained high compared with poplar. Fe was 4.2 times, P 3.2 times, K 2.2times more and Ca was higher 16 mg/kg than poplar. The content of amino acid was quite more higher than poplar sawdust butlower than chaff. Consequently Kenaf had a good trait for basic support material in mushroom culture media and also had agood character as nutritional source.

Nitrogen (N) loading from domestic, agricultural and industrial sources can lead to excessive growth of macrophytes or phytoplankton in aquatic environment. Many studies have used nitrogen stable isotope ratios to identify anthropogenic nitrogen in aquatic systems as a useful method for studying nitrogen cycle. In this study to evaluate the precision and accuracy of Kjeldahl processes, two reference materials (IAEA-NO-3, N-1) were analyzed repeatedly. Measured the δ¹⁵N-NO₃and δ¹⁵N-NH₄values of IAEA-NO-3 and IAEA-N-1 were 4.7±0.2‰ and 0.4±0.3‰, respectively, which are within recommended values of analytical uncertainties. Also, we investigated spatial patterns of δ¹⁵N-NO₃and δ¹⁵N-NH₄in effluent plumes from a waste water treatment plant in Han River, Korea. δ¹⁵N-NO₃and δ¹⁵N-NH₄values are enriched at downstream areas of water treatment plant suggesting that dissolved nitrogen in effluent plumes should be one of the main N sources in those areas. The current study clarifies the reliability of Kjeldahl analytical method and the usefulness of stable isotopic techniques to trace the contamination source of dissolved nitrogen such as nitrate and ammonia.

From the northern and southern dynasties, undergo tang、song、 jin and yuan dynasty, to the Ming and qing dynasties, heated kang is widely used in residential house lay and heating facilities in Beijing and Hebei areas folk house. In this paper, by collating relevant historical facts to follow Beijing and Hebei area is the historical origins of the necessary historical explanation.

Source term analysis should be carried out to prepare the decommissioning of the nuclear power plant. In the planning phase of decommissioning, the classification of decommissioning wastes and the cost evaluation are performed based on the results of source term analysis. In this study, the verification of MCNP/ORIGEN-2 model is carried out for preliminary source term calculation for Wolsung Unit 1. The inventories of actinide nuclides and fission products in fuel bundles with different burn-up were obtained by the depletion calculation of MCNPX code modelling the single channel. Two factors affecting the accuracy of source terms were investigated. First, the neutron spectrum effect on neutron induced activation calculation was reflected in one-group microscopic cross-sections of relevant radio-isotopes using the results of MCNP simulation, and the activation source terms calculated by ORIGEN-2 using the neutron spectrum corrected library were compared with the results of the original ORIGEN-2 library (CANDUNAU.LIB) in ORIGEN-2 code package. Second, operation history effect on activation calculation was also investigated. The source terms on both pressure tubes and calandria tubes replaced in 2010 and calandria tank were evaluated using MCNP/ORIGEN-2 with the neutron spectrum corrected library if the decommissioning wastes can be classified as a low level waste.

The performance of cascade cycle air-source heat pump has been investigated experimentally. The cascade heat pump cycle consists of high temperature of R134a and low temperature of R410a. We have complementary primary air source heat pump. As a result, we produce the products with the best performance. The rated capacity of heat pump is 25kW and the cold capacity of heat pump is 25kW. The KSCOP_C of colder condition is 2.61 and KSCOP_A of average condition is 2.74 and KSCOP_W of warmer is 2.74.

The characteristics of aquatic light fields are generally reflected in the visual systems of fishes inhabiting them. Therefore, research on light sensitivity of fish is useful to explain the correlation between the visual function and habitat, behavior and distribution of fish. Rockfish is an important species in coastal ecology and also one of the main species for culturing in Korea. To make a contribution on the maintenance of the fish resources and understanding the ecology of the rockfish, the visual spectral sensitivities of the dark-adapted rockfishes were measured in the range of visible light (405~660 nm) using a light source of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). In order to assess electrophysiological response of the fish, the ERGs (electroretinograms) of the dark-adapted rockfishes were recorded on a data logger (12 bits) and a laptop computer. Juvenile (n=5; weight: 20.3±5.2 g; total length: 10.3±0.7 cm) and adult (n=5; weight: 87.8±21.8 g; total length: 18.1±1.3 cm) rockfishes were used in experiment. The visual threshold of juvenile and adult rockfish were 11.66 (log quanta/cm2/s) and 11.81 (log quanta/cm²/s) in 574 nm, respectively. The peak wavelength of the spectral sensitivity in the dark-adapted juvenile and adult rockfish was commonly 551 nm (series of green color). Collectively, these results demonstrate that the rockfish has suitable visual capabilities for inhabiting coastal water in Korea.

Urban areas (residential, commercial, transportation), each of the points during the same rainfall in the same area, this study was evaluated by a survey to find out the basic data and the characteristics of non-point pollution on local characteristics was performed. To evaluate and compare a non-point source pollution concentrations. The conclusion of this study was to know the influence of non-point pollutants in initial rainfall. There was a difference during the same point was compared. The pollution levels were differences in the point-specific characteristics, the same point compared by rainfall when rainfall is low, the contaminant concentrations were high. Finally, when compared to the number of rainy days. The shorter the number of rainy days, the non-point pollutants were high.

A combined treatment system using multiple source water is becoming important as an alternative to conventional water supply for small-scale water systems. In this research, combined water treatment systems were investigated for simultaneous use of multi-source water including rainwater, ground water, river water, and reclaimed wastewater. A laboratory-scale system was developed to systematically compare various combinations of water treatment processes, including sand filtration, microfiltration (MF), granular activated carbon (GAC), and nanofiltration (NF). Results showed that the efficiency of combined water treatment systems was affected by the quality of feed waters. In addition, a simply approach based on the concept of linear combination was suggested to support a decision-making for the optimum water treatment systems with the consideration of final water quality.

In this paper, a System Dynamics(SD) computer simulation model has been developed to assess the effects of developing and providing an alternate water source. A water service index was also developed to estimate the level of overall customer satisfaction on water supply service. Data from the Busan water supply service and the Korea Development Institute regarding the Nak Dong river bank storage development were utilized during the modeling processes. Some important indicators of the system under study were analyzed by the simulations of development of the alternate water source for Busan. The developed SD model and the water service index can be further utilized as a tool that can assess the extent and timing of an additional service improvement project.

본 논문에서는 소스 코드가 공개된 라이브러리를 이용하여 선박의 성능을 예측할 수 있는 해석 코드를 개발하였다. 질량보존 방정식, 모멘튼 보존방정식, 난류를 고려하기 위해 난류모델과 벽함수를 고려하였다. 자유수면 계산을 위해 볼륨비 수송방정식을 고려하였고, 자유수면의 정확도 높은 계산을 위해 고차 도식을 포함하는 라이브러리를 개발하였다. 개발한 프로그램을 컨테이너선인 KCS에 적용한 결과 실험에서 포착된 자유수면 분포를 잘 예측하였다. 자항성능 평가 시 추진기 회전을 위해 GGI 라이브러리를 사용하였다. 계산결과 실험과 비교해 약 7 % 정도의 정확도로 자항성능을 예측하였다. 캐비테이션 예측을 위해 이상 균질 모델을 포함하는 새로운 라이브러리를 개발하였다. 이상 균질 모델을 추진기에 적용한 결과 일반적으로 발생하는 얇은 층 캐비테이션을 잘 예측하는 것을 확인하였다. 오픈 소스 라이브러리를 이용하여 개발한 수치수조를 KCS에 적용한 결과 오픈 소스 라이브러리에 대한 가능성을 확인하였다.

본 연구는 광중단 처리에 있어서 광원 및 광질이 스탠다드 국화의 생육 및 개화에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 수행하였다. 스탠다드 국화 ‘백마’, ‘신마’ 품종에 LED 590, 610, 630, 660, 680nm와 형광등 480+540 +610nm의 혼합광을 정식 후부터 단일처리일 전까지 40 일간 1일 4시간(22-02시) 광중단 처리하였다. ‘백마’의 발뢰소요일수는 형광등 처리에서 21.3일로 가장 길었으며, LED 590nm 처리는 15.8일로 가장 짧았다. ‘신마’는 형광등, LED 610nm와 660nm 처리에서 발뢰소요일수가 각각 18.0일, 17.8일, 17.7일로 가장 길었으며, LED 590nm 처리에서 15.1일로 가장 짧았다. ‘백마’의 개화소 요일수는 형광등처리에서 56.9일로 가장 길었고, LED 590nm 처리에서 51.6일로 가장 짧았다. ‘신마’는 형광등과 LED 660nm 처리에서 각각 56.0일, 56.7일로 가장 길었고, LED 590nm 처리에서 52.9일로 가장 짧았다. 따라서, 스탠다드 국화의 화아분화 및 개화조절에 가장 효과적인 광원 및 광질은 ‘백마’ 품종의 경우 형광등 처리가 가장 효과적이며, ‘신마’ 품종은 형광등과 LED 660nm 처리가 가장 효과적이라고 생각된다. ‘백마’ 품종 의 절화장과 절화중은 화아분화 억제효과가 가장 좋았던 형광등 처리에서 각각 92.7cm, 61.9g으로 우수하였으며, ‘신마’ 품종의 경우에도 형광등 처리에서 절화장, 절화중이 각각 114.6cm, 71.3g으로 우수하였다. 결과적으로 스탠다드 국화의 생육 및 개화에 있어서 광중단 광원 및 광질로 형광등 처리가 우수하였으며, LED 660nm 처리도 효과가 있는 것으로 생각된다.

이 논문에서는 한 개의 측선에서 측정된 중력 변화율 텐서를 이용하여 선형 이상체의 주향과 경사를 자동 결정하는 알고리즘을 제시한다. 선형 이상체의 중력 변화율은 측선에 수직으로 배열되어 있는 경우 이차원 효과를 보이므로, 이론적으로 두 개의 독립 성분을 제외하고는 값을 갖지 아니한다. 반면 주향과 경사를 가지는 선형 이상체는 5개의 독립 성분을 가지게 된다. 이와 같은 선형 이상체가 가지는 중력 변화율 텐서의 이차원 특성을 활용하여 5개의 독립 성분 중 3개가 동시에 최소 값이 되도록 하는 회전변환의 변환각은 곧바로 선형 이상체의 주향과 경사를 의미한다. 이 논문에서는 최소자승법을 이용하여 5개의 중력 변화율 성분 중 3개를 최소로 하는 변환 행렬 각을 구하였고 이를 이용하여 선형 이상체의 주향과 경사를 자동 결정할 수 있음을 보였다. 이 논문에서는 모델 계산을 통하여 주향만 있는 경우와 주향과 경사 모두를 가지는 경우에 대하여 각각의 방향각들을 자동 결정할 수 있음을 보였다.

1. 서론 산림생태계내 토양호흡은 크게 미생물호흡과 뿌리호흡 으로 구분할 수 있으며(Hanson et al., 2000), 토양생물과 뿌리의 활동을 나타내는 지표가 된다(Coleman, 1973). 산 림생태계의 순생태계생산량은 순일차생산량와 미생물 호 흡에 의해 결정되므로, 순생태계생산량을 측정하기 위해서 는 미생물호흡과 뿌리호흡의 정확한 추정이 중요하다(Lee et al., 2003). 그러나, 전체 토양호흡에 대한 미생물호흡과 뿌리호흡의 기여율을 정확히 파악하는 것이 어렵기 때문에 (Hanson et al., 2000) 전체 토양호흡 중 발생원별 토양호흡 이 차지하는 기여율에 대한 국내의 연구는 미흡한 실정이 다. 본 연구는 국내 산림의 주종을 이루고 있는 상수리나무 림에서 미생물호흡량, 뿌리호흡량을 측정하고 전체 토양호 흡 중 발생원별 토양호흡이 차지하는 비율을 파악하여 산림 생태계내 탄소 순환의 이해를 돕기 위한 기초 자료를 얻는 데 그 목적이 있다. 2. 조사방법 1) 낙엽생산 낙엽생산을 통해 임상으로 유입되는 유기탄소량을 정량 하기 위해 2010년 4월말에 공주시 인근의 상수리나무림내 입구의 넓이가 0.5㎡의 낙엽수거기 10개를 설치하였다. 낙 엽수거기에 연간 회수된 낙엽의 건중량을 기초로 하여 단위 면적(ha)당 낙엽생산량을 계산하였으며, 연간 임상으로 유 입되는 유기탄소량은 낙엽생산량에 유기탄소 함량을 적용 하여 계산하였다. 2) 발생원별 CO2 발생량 측정 발생원별 CO2 발생량을 구분하기 위해 단근처리법을 이 용하여 2009년 11월에 상수리나무림내 방형구(2m×2m) 3 개를 설치하고 방형구내 지피식생을 모두 제거한 후 잘려진 뿌리 분해 및 토양 교란 요인에 의한 영향을 최소화하기 위해 6개월간의 안정화 기간을 거친 후 2012년 5월부터 CO2 발생량을 측정하였다. 발생원별 CO2 발생량은 휴대용 적외선 가스 분석기(IRGA; EGM-4 PP system, UK)를 이 용하여 측정하였으며, 2012년 5월부터 2012년 4월까지 토 양호흡구(Soil respiration plot, n=10), 미생물호흡구 (Microbial respiration plot, n=3)에서 매달 2주에 한번씩 측정하였다. 산림생태계가 안정화 상태일 경우 낙엽생산으로 임상내 유입되는 유기탄소량과 지상부 낙엽(임상 유기물)의 분해 를 통해 대기중으로 방출되는 유기탄소량과 동일하다고 가 정을 하고, 조사기간 동안 임상으로 유입되는 유기탄소량을 임상으로부터 분해에 의해 대기중으로 방출되는 유기탄소 량으로 추정하였다. 뿌리호흡을 통해 대기중으로 방출되는 유기탄소량은 토양 호흡구와 미생물 호흡구에서 측정한 CO2 발생량의 차이로 계산하였다. 또한, 전체 토양호흡을 통해 방출되는 유기탄소량에 낙엽생산으로 인해 임상으로 유입되는 유기탄소량과 뿌리호흡을 통해 방출되는 유기탄 소량을 뺀 값을 지하부 유기물(토양 유기물)의 분해에 의해 대기중으로 방출되는 유기탄소량으로 계산하였다(Sulzman et al., 2005) 3) 유기탄소 분석 및 통계 분석 수거한 낙엽은 잎, 목질부, 생식기관, 기타로 분류한 후 60℃ 건조기에서 건조시켜 칭량한 후 유기탄소 분석에 사 용하였다. 식물체내 유기탄소 함량은 작열소실법을 통해 소 실계수를 적용하여 계산하였다. 토양 온도는 T&D Thermo Recorder (TR-71U)를 사용하여 조사기간 동안 토양층 5㎝ 및 15㎝ 깊이에서 1시간 간격으로 측정하였다. 토양호흡에 영향을 주는 토양 온도와의 관계는 상관분석과 희귀분석을 실시하였으며, 토양 온도와 토양 호흡량과의 관계를 나타낼때 널리 쓰이는 토양 온도 민감도(Q10)를 구하기 위해 지수 함수식을 이용하여 희귀분석한 후 그 모형으로부터 산출하였다. 3. 결과 및 고찰 조사기간 동안 매 분기별 임상층내 낙엽량 및 유기탄소량 의 경우 조사시기별 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 이에 낙엽생산으로 임상내 유입되는 유기탄소량이 지상부 유기 물의 분해에 의해서 대기중으로 방출되는 유기탄소량과 동 일하다는 가정하에 지상부 유기물 분해가 전체 토양호흡 중 차지하는 비율은 20.28±2.06%로 나타났다. 조사기간 동안 전체 토양 호흡 중 미생물 호흡과 뿌리 호흡을 통해 대기중으로 방출되는 연평균 유기탄소은 각각 8.02±0.52, 3.52±0.93 ton C ha-1 yr-1 로 나타났다. 지수함수 관계에서 추정된 전체 토양 호흡, 미생물 호흡, 뿌리 호흡의 토양온도 민감도(Q10)는 각각 2.53, 2.94, 2.04로 미생물 호 흡의 토양 온도 민감도가 전체 토양 호흡과 뿌리 호흡에 비하여 높게 나타났다. 전체 토양 호흡량과 미생물 호흡량 의 차이로 추정한 뿌리 호흡의 전체 토양 호흡에 대한 기여 도는 30.50± 6.98%, 지하부 유기물(토양 유기물)의 분해에 의해 대기중으로 방출되는 유기탄소의 경우 전체 토양 호흡 에 49.22±9.04%를 기여하는 것으로 나타났다.

This paper describes the development of precision gear pump for transmitting source material of chemical machinery. Gear pump design is carried out considering geometry of gear and strength of shaft by CAE program. Teeth of gear is machined by ultra precision grinding, and by inspection of profile and lead, JIS 0-grade gear is manufactured. Through the pump performance test, pump discharge volume per one revolution is in a good agreement with the target values when varying rotational speed and working temperature.

This study investigates the effect of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) on growth of S. dimorphus. NaHCO3 concentration was varied from 0 to 2 g-C/L. As a result, the increase in concentration of NaHCO3 up to 1.5 g-C/L increased dry weight of algae. The highest specific growth rate of S. dimorphus was 0.36 day-1 which was obtained at concentration of 0.5 g-C/L NaHCO3. pH showed a large variation range at the concentrations lower than 0.5 g-C/L NaHCO3 whereas inorganic carbon, nitrate and phosphorus removal rates were almost same at the concentrations higher than 0.5 g-C/L NaHCO3 (0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5, 2 g-C/L NaHCO3). Their average inorganic carbon, nitrate and phosphorus removal rate were 70 mg-C/L/d, 11.3 mg-N/L/d, and 1.6 mg-P/L/d, respectively. Thus, NaHCO3 didn’t effect on inorganic carbon, nitrate and phosphorus removal rate of S. dimorphus.

The source parameters of four earthquakes with magnitude larger than 4.0 nearby the offshore Sinan are analyzed. The waveform inversion method is used for analyzing the source parameters of two events (20 August 2012 and 21 April 2013) with C&B and AK135-c crustal velocity structure models. The source parameters of the other two events (26 July 1994 and 23 March 2003) are obtained from references. Focal mechanisms of the events are strike slip faulting or strike slip faulting with a thrust component. The directions of P-axes of the events are ENE-WSW or NE-SW which are similar to previous studies on P-axes in and around the Korean peninsula. With regard to the events nearby the offshore Sinan, the regional stress, rather than being local stress, is seen to be the result of the combination of tectonic forces from the compression of plates colliding to the Eurasian Plate.

This paper describes a prototype mechanical white noise generator has a source level of more than 170.0 dB (re 1µPa at 1 m) at the frequency range of 10 Hz to 100 kHz. The results of performance evaluation of the generator are as follows. The average source level of the generator measured by a step of 15°in horizontal (0 to 360。, 25 points) was 185.2 (SD (standard deviation): 2.3) dB (re 1µPa at 1 m). The maximum and minimum source levels were appeared at the frequency range of 2.5 to 5.0 kHz and around 100 kHz, respectively. The average source levels at 0°, 90。, 180。and 270° were 162.9 (SD: 10.6), 168.4 (SD: 10.0), 162.1 (SD: 9.1) and 166.5 (SD: 11.1) dB (re 1µPa at 1 m). The average source level measured by a step of 30° in vertical was 184.9 (SD: 2.2) dB (re 1µPa at 1 m). The relative maximum variation width of the source levels in horizontal and in vertical measurement were less than 7.0 dB and 1.0 dB, respectively.