In this study, using the synetics technique for strategies by making unfamiliarity into familiarity in the case of 911 terrorism. This study has meaningful messages for citizens and firefighters’ illness caused by disaster sites in the field of disaster management in Korea. There are 7 stages to explain cause of a variety of cancers happening to citizens and firefighters in this study. The 7 stages are composed of real situation, direct analogies, personal analogies, symbolic analogies, new direct analogies, and review. This synetics will contribute to providing better ideas for citizens and firefighters’ physical and mental health conditions.

농식품 수출확대를 위한 범부처적이고 다각적인 노력에도 불구하고, 농가소득과 직결되는 신선농산물 수출 정체 등 국민이 체감하는 수출성과 미흡하였다. 또한, 농식품 수출단계가 복잡하고, 수출관련 업무가 단계 별로 다부처․기관에 분산되어 현장문제 해결요청시 수출경영체의 혼란과 불편 가중되고 있다. 이를 해결하고자, 농촌진흥청 뿐 아니라 농림축산식품부, 농림축산검역본부, 국립농산물품질관리원, 한국농수산식품유 통공사, 농협, 지방자치단체 농촌진흥기관 등 농식품수출 유관기관이 협력하여 매주 수요일을 ‘수출현장의 날’로 정하고 분야별 전문가팀을 구성하여 수출경영체들을 현장으로 찾아가서 문제를 진단하고 해결방안을 지원하는『기관합동 ‘찾아가는 수출현장 종합컨설팅’』을 추진하고 있다. 종합적이고 체계적인 지원을 위해 농산물 재배관리부터 수출마케팅에 이르기까지 수출이 진행되는 전체 과정에 대해 현장 맞춤형의 종합컨설 팅을 추진하는 한편 현장 여건과 작목 특성 등을 감안해서 다양한 종류의 컨설팅 기법을 유연하게 적용하 였다. 물론, 현장요구에 따라 집합교육, 간담회 등도 병행하면서 적극적인 서비스행정을 추진하고 있다. 신 청은 농업기술센터, 도농업기술원등 유관기관을 통해 신청할 수 있다.

국내에서 양송이품종은 2010년부터 ‘새아’, ‘새정’, ‘새도’, ‘새연’, ‘새한’, ‘호감’ 6품종이 개발되었으며, 현재 보급률은 40%(‘16)를 차지하고 있다. 국내 육성품종의 보급 확대와 지역별 재배적 특성을 파악하기위해 경주, 달성, 부여, 아산 지역 농가에서 품종별 현장실증을 수행하였다. 각 농가의 재배면적은 199㎡이었고 동일 재배사에 각기 다른 품종을 재배하였다. 경주, 달성, 부여, 아산 지역의 농가에서는 백색 품종인 ‘새아’, ‘새정’, ‘새도’, ‘새연’, ‘새한’과 외국종 ‘A15’을 가지고 시험을 수행했으며, 보령지역은 ‘호감’, ‘다향’ 외국종인 ‘F599’으로 진행하였다. 백색품종의 전반적인 생산성과 재배적인 특성을 보면 생산성은 농가 별로 각기 다르고, 부여 농가에서 시험한 품종별 생산성조사에서는 ‘새연’이 가장 높은 생산성을 보였다. 많은 농가에서 ‘새 도’가 강한 편이고 ‘새한’이 약하다고 하였으나 시험농가에서는 품종간 차이를 확인할 수 없었다. 형태적 특성은 품종간 차이보다는 농가간의 차이 즉 재배환경에 의해 결정되는 것으로 추정되며, 품종적 특성 확인하기 위해서는 동일재배조건 내에서 여러번 반복 실험 필요하였다. 또한 품종의 자실체 경도와 갓색도 품종 및 지역에 따른 차이를 확인하기 어려웠다. 갈색품종을 보면 국내 육성품종인 ‘호감’과 ‘다향’품종에서는 3주기 까지 버섯을 수확하였으나 외국종 ‘F599’은 2주기까지 버섯을 수확할 수 있었다. 국내 육성 두품종의 갓 직경은 1주기에 대비하여 2주기에는 감소하였다가 3주기에는 증가하였으며, 외국종은 1주기보다 2주기가 갓 직 경이 증가하였다. 갓 두께에서는 국내 육성품종들과 외국종 모두 주기가 진행되면서 증가하였다. 대굵기에서는 국내 육성품종들은 2주기에는 증가하였다가 3주기에는 감소하였다. 수확주기별 대길이의 변화에서는 재배품종 모두가 2주기에는 감소하였다가 3주기에는 대길이가 증가하였으나 1주기보다는 짧았고 품종별 대길 이에서는 외국종이 가장 길었다. 자실체의 개체중의 변화를 보면 국내 육성품종은 1주기 버섯의 자실체의 개체중이 가장 높고 주기가 진행되면서 감소하는 경향을 보인다. 하지만 외국종에서는 2주기에서도 개체중이 높은 국내 육성품종과는 다른 경향을 보였다. 자실체의 갓 색의 변화를 조사한 결과 명도(L)값은 외국종이 57.9로 가장 낮아 갈색이 가장 진하였으며, 다향은 64.6으로 중간정도이며, 호감은 69.1으로 가장 밝았다. 이런 현상은 2, 3주기에서도 계속 발생하는 것으로 보아 품종별 색깔의 차이가 확실한 것으로 판단된다. 또한 자실체 갓색은 적색(a)보다는 황색(b)에 의해 좌우되었다. 경도에서는 ‘호감’은 주기가 진행되면서 증가하였으나, 다향은 감소하였고, 외국종은 아주 적은 정도로 감소하는 등 품종별로 큰 차이를 보였다.

Today, the management environment of the manufacturing industry is faced with drastic changes. The manufacturing industry is planning to innovate for itself via upgrading manufacturing technology and securing manufacturing competitiveness through 'Industry 4.0' and 'Manufacturing 3.0' strategies combined with ICT (information and communications technologies) for smart factory construction. In addition, as the era of the fourth industrial revolution began, the smart factory is emerging as a new paradigm that can lead to new changes in the manufacturing industry and achieve sustainable development. However, most of SMEs (small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises) in Korea have very low technology, investment capital and expertise for smartization, and the level of informatization is so low that they cannot build basic systems such as a management module of production records. Therefore, this study proposes a framework that integrates cloud-based production data management and production scheduling with intuitive rules for smart production site management of SMEs. The main features of the proposed framework for SMEs are as follows: 1) the collection and management of production data using the cloud system; 2) operation management using intuitive heuristic algorithm; 3) production scheduling through timing constraints-based simulation.

Conventional steel and concrete piles are widely applied in civil engineering industries with long time experience and many advantages. However, steel pipe piles, a sort of most common steel pile, are prone to losing their structural integrity over time due to corrosive and humid conditions. Moreover, concrete piles such as in-situ concrete piles and pretensioned spun high strength concrete (PHC) piles are subject to deterioration of their long-term structural durability. Therefore, Hybrid FRP-concrete composite pile (HCFFT) was developed. HCFFT is consisted of pultruded FRP (PFRP) unit module, filament winding FRP which is in the outside of mandrel composed of circular shaped assembly of PFRP unit modules, and concrete which is casted inside of the circular tube shaped hybrid FRP pile. Therefore, PFRP can increase the flexural load carrying capacity, while filament winding FRP and concrete filled inside can increase axial load carrying capacity. In this paper, field loading experiments were conducted to evaluate field bearing capacity of HCFFT pile with connection and HCFFT pile without connection.

This study is intended to evaluate a risk of overseas construction companies. To achieve this, a survey was empirically carried out to overseas construction site experts. The results were as follows. The relative importance of parent factors showed that‘social culture’(0.157) was the highest, followed by ‘institutional regulation’(0.150),‘environment’(0.145),‘productivity’ (0.142),‘economic finance’(0.137),‘market condition’(0.136) and‘political policy’(0.133). As for the above-mentioned findings, the most important risk factor in overseas construction was social culture of entry countries, followed by construction-related legal system. All construction companies, contractors and design companies said that social culture was the most important parent factor, varying from construction industry. And they said that workforce availability was also the most important in the importance of sub-factors, followed by conflict due to the differences in lifestyle. Consequently, it is important to manage risk for socio-cultural factors in overseas construction, risk for double workforce, and risk for the differences in thinking or lifestyle by the participation of multinational workforce.

Preventive measures against industrial accidents should take into account the safeguards of unsafe states, education, and managerial measures to control the underlying sources of unsafe and unsafe behavior. Technical and managerial problems are also attributable to the educational cause. In particular, in the in-house safety education system, many construction sites form formal safety education.Inherent safety education is the best safeguard against disaster prevention. In the future, the safety education coordinator and the safety education coordinator of the management and supervision of the safety supervisor and hazardous hazard workers will need to improve the active legal system that can be pursued by all trained persons.

Safety accidents, which are called industrial accidents in construction work, are often caused by unstable physical and personal conditions combined during preparation and execution of work. It is difficult to manage all the construction works, but especially in the field of apartment construction work, complex and many kinds of works are being carried out at the same time. In the current construction, safety regulations such as safety management guidelines are generally well maintained, but the execution of manpower resources that can fulfill them is limited, and it is difficult to reduce the accident rate and loss cost. Therefore, in this study, it is a reality that most of the types of construction work are under contruction by subcontracting contract, so they are limit by methods of manual maintenance and safety education. Currently, the subcontractor is also allowed to perform safety management through the composition of the safety management review body, but it is operated formally. So alternatives to this were studied. As a result, safety accidents occur in the subcontractor's workplace due to vertical integration, which is a characteristic of the construction industry. Therefore, the safety management should be carried out by the subcontractor as well as the subcontractor It is concluded that effective and practical safety management can be achieved when management based on the personality that can communicate with each other through the management team is able to reduce the accident rate and loss cost.

PURPOSES:In this study, field performance evaluation of crack treatment of pavement and the feasibility of surface treatment of pavement are presented. The performance and cost of preventive maintenance methods have been previously verified, and the methods are being used in many developed countries and cities. However, the performance and cost of the system have not been verified in domestic, field applications. Therefore, in order to improve performance, the field performance is evaluated, and a reasonable cost is proposed.METHODS:Visual Inspection was conducted to evaluate the field application and performance of the preventive maintenance method. In addition, the PCI index was calculated from the results of visual inspection of the application area of the surface treatment method, and the performance life of each method was predicted. For the economic evaluation, life cycle cost analysis was performed using the life cycle cost analysis program.RESULTS:In order to evaluate and quantify the field performance of crack repair material, the residue condition of the pavement surface after crack treatment, rather than the performance of the material, is evaluated. In addition, the crack resistance and performance life of surface treatment methods are evaluated. The cost of currently available treatment methods are compared to the common pavement cut and overlay method, and it is determined that the preventive method is not economical based on life cycle cost analysis.CONCLUSIONS:Because of the characteristics of cracking, it is necessary to conduct the evaluation of currently applied methods and the analysis of the cause of damage, by visual inspection. Moreover, in order to evaluate the performance and economic suitability of the currently applied surface treatment methods, it is necessary to acquire information on application sections by monitoring their long-term conditions and performance.

In construction work, safety accidents often occur in combination with unstable physical and human conditions during preparation and execution of work. In Korea, the accident rate is higher to that of any country in the world. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures by fundamental prescription. In this paper, in the case of construction safety management, we tried to find a reasonable alternative through a questionnaire survey to apply to subcontracting and small-scale construction. In conclusion, workers who are well aware of the task could be able to reduce the accident rate by deploying them as safety management officers after receiving the training.

PURPOSES:The objective of this study is to ascertain the curing period of cementless cold central plant recycled asphalt base-layer, using mechanical analyses and specimen quality tests on the field.METHODS :Cold central plant recycled asphalt base-layer mixture was produced in the plant from reclaimed asphalt, natural aggregate, filler for the cold mix, and the modified emulsion AP using asphalt mix design and plant mix design. In order to examine the applicability of the curing period during the field test, the international standards for the possibility of core extraction and the degree of compaction and LFWD deflection were analyzed. Moreover, Marshall stability test, porosity test, and indirect tensile strength test were performed on the specimens of asphalt mix and plant mix design.RESULTS :The plant production process and compaction method of cementless cold central plant recycled asphalt base-layer were established, and the applicability of the optical moisture content for producing the mixture was verified through the field test. In addition, it was determined that the core extraction method of the conventional international curing standard was insufficient to ensure performance, and the LFWD test demonstrated that the deflection converges after a two-day curing. However, the back-calculation analysis reveals that a three-day curing is satisfactory, resulting in a general level of performance of dense asphalt base-layer. Moreover, from the result of the specimen quality test of the asphalt mix design and plant mix design according to the curing period, it was determined that the qualities satisfied both domestic and international standards, after a two-day curing. However, it was determined that the strength and stiffness after three-day curing are higher than those after a two-day curing by approximately 3.5 % and 20 %, respectively.CONCLUSIONS:A three-day curing period is proposed for the cementless cold central plant recycled asphalt base-layer; this curing period can be demonstrated to retain the modulus of asphalt-base layer in the field and ensure stable quality characteristics.

Overwintering and succession of phytoplankton community with physicochemical and biological characteristics were investigated in pilot culture system. Water and phytoplankton samples were collected twice a week from February 23 to June 28, 2016. A total of 17 overwintering taxa including cyanophyceae, chlorophyceae, bacillariophyceae were identified in the experimental group in winter (February), and these overwintering species showed a marked succession pattern along with environment changes. In the process of phytoplankton succession, a total of 56 species in 28 genera were identified in two (experimental, control) pilot culture system. In the experimental group, 52 phytoplankton species in 24 genera were identified, and the number of taxa was highest in chlorophyceae (35 species), followed by Bacillariophyceae (9 species), Cyanophyceae (5 species) and others (3 species). In the control group, 25 phytoplankton species in 14 genera were classified and these taxa consisted of 17 chlorophyceae, 3 cyanophyceae, 2 Bacillariophyceae and 3 others. The standing crops ranged from 40 to 325,450 cells mL-1 in the experimental group, and from 900 to 37,100 cells mL-1 in the control group, respectively. The dominant species were represented by Monoraphidium minutum, Microcystis aeruginosa, Rhodomonas lacustris, Ankyra judai and Chlorella vulgaris in the experimental group; and M. minutum and Coenochloris cf. pyrenoidosa in the control group. In conclusion, overwintering and succession of predominant phytoplankton species developed due to interactions of internal environmental factors (physicochemical and biological factors) in the pilot culture system.

In the construction sites, rush (speedy construction) work have recently been overused because of budget reductions by reducing the construction duration after the long-term economic recession and construction business stagnation with institutional change including the instruction of the duration shortening bidding system and the introduction of the post-construction sales system by the Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements. Due to this, negligent accidents have frequently occurred by forcing manpower, equipment, finance, and material procurement and pressing ahead with impractical construction wok at night according to the reduction of construction schedules. Therefore, this paper has the necessity of this study to seek for alternatives to prevent negligent accidents by finding factors related to rush work in the reality that the importance for preventing negligent accidents is more emphasized while they have not been reduced in construction sites.