이 글에서는 과거의 아버지 상과는 구별되는 자녀 돌봄에 적극적인 아버지들이 사회적으로 탄생하게 된 사회 구조적 원인과 그것으로 인한 아버지 돌봄의 특징을 살펴보려 한다. 이를 위해 신자유주의 이후의 경제 상황의 변화와 더불어 가족 구조 및 가족 문화 변화에 대해 고찰한다. 그리고 새로운 역할을 습득한 아버지들의 자녀 돌봄의 특징은 무엇인지 살피고 앞의 논의를 토대로 하여 아버지들의 부모역할을 지지하기 위한 부모 프로그램을 위한 시론적인 제언들을 모색해 보려 한다. 우선, 경제적 측면에서 가족의 경제적 불안정성이 증가하는 상황에서는 맞벌이가 증가하고 이로 인한 여성의 2중 부담과 돌봄의 공백이 발생했다. 이것은 가족 불안정성을 가중시키고 아버지들이 돌봄 노동에 참여하는 사회적 조건을 형성했다. 다음으로, 가족의 측면에서 가족이 친밀성의 혁명을 경험하는 가운데 결혼의 영속성은 소멸되고 이혼과 재혼이 증가하게 됐다. 이에 아버지들은 가족안정성을 확보하기 위해서 가족관련성을 증가시킬 수밖에 없었다. 더욱이여성의 정체성이 과거와 같은 돌봄자가 아니라 경제적 능력자로서 스스로를 인식하는 만큼 여성들은 파트너인 아버지들에게 돌봄자 역할을 동등히 수행하도록 압력을 행사했다. 외부적인 압력 외에도 남성 스스로도 불안정한 관계의 마지막 보루로서 부모-자녀 관계를 생각하면서 돌봄 영역에 참여하려는 의지를 보이고 있다. 남성들은 이제 부양자 역할에서 벗어나 자녀들과 감정적 친밀함을 만들고 자신의 감정을 표현하면서 인간적 성숙을 추구했다. 이와 같은 남성정체성의 변화도 가족의 소자녀화와 더불어 아버지 돌봄 영역 참여를 위한 촉진하고 있다. 이러한 경제 구조 및 가족 문화/구조의 변화는 아버지 돌봄 형태에도 영향을 주어 아버지들은 자녀의 놀이와 교육에 더 개입적이고 자녀와 과거보다 더 감정적으로 연루된다. 따라서 아버지들을 위한 부모코칭 프로그램에는 자녀들과 함께 놀이할 수 있는 구체적인 놀이방법과 대화방법에 대한 코칭프로그램이 포함되어야 한다. 또한 한국의 유교문화와 조직문화가 감정을 배제한 결과 한국의 아버지들을 감정을 다루는 것에 익숙하지 않기 때문에 아버지감정코칭프로그램에서는 이러한 한국적 상황이 고려되어야 할 것이다.

To investigate acute drug intoxication trends in the elderly visited Emergency Medical Centers, Data was collected from the records of poisoning patients visited Five different Hospitals from January 1. 2007 to December 31. 2007. The analysis was conducted by using 135 cases of 624 cases. When considering only the elderly and making comparisons between the urban areas and the rural areas the following data was produced. In regard to patients with acute drug intoxication, the main substance of choice was pesticides. Cases of acute drug intoxication are definitely higher for those categorized as the rural elderly (75.0%) when compared with those categorized as the urban elderly (44.1%). The male to female ratio, those living together as a family, past suicide attempts, mental state and sobriety condition when they came, monthly distribution etc. between the two groups did not demonstrate a difference between them. In regard to reasons given for acute drug intoxication, suicide was the highest at 60.7% of the cases. When comparing accidental reasons for poisoning, the urban elderly, at 34.2% of their cases, were higher than in the rural elderly, at 23.7%. After first aid was administered, the admission rate was higher for the rural elderly (47.4%) than for the urban elderly (33.9%). This shows that the rural elderly have a more severe acute drug intoxication poisoning problem than the urban elderly do.

In this paper, we developed the care system for older people living alone using the RFID technologies and the living informations. The care system store living informations, extracted through a unconstrained detection method by the RFID tags and readers, into a monitering server. The unconstrained detection method improved a weakness of existing systems that detected a living informations through an infrared sensor, ultrasonic sensor, camera, consumed quantity of the tap water or gas. The result of this study will playa very important role, as a part of a composite older-welfare services. Also, in the future, accumulated living informations will be allowed for a health data of older peoples.

The purpose of this study was to assess the level of quality of life and related factors among the elderly in Korea. In particular, we focused on factors affecting the quality of life of the elderly in long term care. We used the third Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) from 2005. We sampled a total of 3,571 (10.5%) elderly from the national survey. We compared the mean of quality of life to socioeconomic status, Activities of Daily Living (ADL), health behavior, and disease variables. We used EuroQol-5D among KNHANES to assess the quality of life. In this study, the mean score of the quality of life among the elderly was 2.57. Logistic regression showed that the elderly who were male, with spouses, with health insurance, and with good ADL levels enjoyed higher quality of life scores and odds ratios than those who were female, divorced, uninsured, and with low ADL levels (p<.05). The quality of life of the elderly was affected by socioeconomic, ADL, health behavior and disease variables. To improve long term care and the quality of life among the elderly, we need detailed research to clarify the effects of these factors.

The purpose of this study was to examine parents' perceptions towards, and the importance and performance levels of, foodservices in child-care centers and to suggest ways to increase foodservice quality and promote efficient operations in the future. A questionnaire survey was provided to 540 parents and the return rates 82%. The survey period was from June 20 to July 27,2007. The collected data were statistically analyzed with the SAS package program using descriptive statistical analysis, t-tests, ANOVA, Duncan's multiple comparisons, factor analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The results were as follows: The parents perceived that foodservice operations promoted their children's health and helped them form desirable dietary habits. The parents also had a high level of perception toward the need for foodservice, earning greater than 4.5 points out of 5 points. Their perceptions of foodservice quality were examined by four dimensions of importance and performance levels. While the parents gave 4 points or greater of 5 points to most quality attributes of importance level, they gave 4 points of less out of 5 points to most quality attributes of performance level. As for the importance and performance levels of the quality dimensions of meal service, the parents regarded sanitation as the most important dimension. IPA showed that 'organic food materials' was included as a 'focus here' area. The overall satisfaction level for foodservice was 3.59 out of 5 points. A higher level of satisfaction was shown when a dietitian was present as well as in public childcare centers. According to multiple regression analysis, 53.51% of the variance in the respondents' overall satisfaction scores was explained by factors such as food, sanitation, environment, and foodservice effects.

본 연구는 노인 주간보호프로그램에 참여하는 노인들의 경험을 이해하고 활동 참여의 과정을 설명하는 것 을 목적으로 하였다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 노인 주간보호 참여자들의 경험과 그 과정에 대한 깊은 이해를 얻기 위해 질적 연구방법의 하나인 근거이론 접근법을 이용하였다. 참여자에 대한 심층면담, 참여관찰, 그리고 운영일지 등을 통해 자료를 수집하였고, 이를 지속적 비교법을 통해 분석하였다. 결과 : 지역사회에서 장애를 가진 노인들은 일상적인 활동의 결여와 대인관계의 고립으로 인하여 지속적인 건강 의 악화를 경험하였다. 노인 주간보호는 참여자에게 일상적 활동과 사회적 관계 형성의 기회를 제공하였고 이 러한 경험은 새롭게 일상을 재구성하는 과정으로 설명되었다. 결론 : 주간보호에서 활동참여를 통한 일상의 재구성은 일과와 대인관계의 변화와 관련되었다. 노인 주간보호는 활동참여의 기회를 제공한다는 점에서 건강과 활동참여의 연관성을 주목해온 작업치료사들이 보다 관심을 가 져야할 임상영역이다.

The indoor level of phthalates in children-facilities was assessed in this study. The samples of house dust were collected at various children's facilities (40 day-care houses, 42 child-care centers, 44 kindergartens, and 42 indoor playgrounds) in summer (Jul~Sep, 2007) and winter (Jan~Feb, 2008) periods, and analyzed by GC-MS. The DEHP was detected in almost every sample (detection rate : 99%) and the detection rate of DnBP and BBzP was more than 80%. The average concentrations of DEHP, DEP, DnBP, and BBzP in house dust were 388 ㎍/g dust, 37㎍/g dust, 108㎍/g dust and 349㎍/g dust, respectively. The relationship between construction period and DEHP level was statistically significant. But, other factors such as flooring material, construction period and water leakage were not statistically significant relationship with phthalates levels. The Phthalate levels were similar or more higher than other the European country.

한국 안경사들의 콘택트렌즈 관리 패턴, 특히 렌즈 케이스 관리에 대해 알아보기 위해 설문을 통한 평가를 실시하였다. TVCI(The Vision Care Institute) 교육센터를 2007년 4월에 서 8월 사이에 방문한, 콘택트렌즈를 착용하는 안경사를 대상으로 조사했다. 콘택트렌즈 착용하기 전에 손을 씻는 안경사는 65%였다. 렌즈 케이스를 세척하는 안경사 비율은 61%이고 케이스를 교체해 주는 비율은 90%였다. 렌즈 착용시마다 렌즈 케이스를 세척해 주는 경우는 43%이고 일주일에 한번 세척해 주는 경우는 29%였다. 렌즈 케이스를 렌즈 관리 용액으로 헹궈주고 자연건조해 주는 사람은 11%에 지나지 않았다. 렌즈 케이스를 매달 교체해 주는 경우는 59%였다. 소비자들에게 렌즈 관리에 대한 교육을 하고 있는 안경사들의 렌즈 관리 패턴, 특히 렌즈 케이스 관리 방법에 대한 실행에 있어 미흡한 점들이 있었던 것으로 평가되었다.

콘택트렌즈 단백칠 침전물의 양은 착용하는 콘택트렌즈의 재질과 사용하는 관리용 액의 종류에 따라서 크게 다를 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 인공눈물을 이용한 m vitro 방법으로 Group 1, Group III, Group IV 의 소프트콘택트렌즈에 단백질 침전물 을 오염시킨 후 계면활성세척액과 다목적용액을 사용하여 콘택트렌즈뜰 세척하고 콘 택트렌즈에 남아있는 단백질을 Bradford 법으로 처리하여 다음과 같은 결과륜 얻었다. 세척 후 남아있는 단백질 침전물은 Group IV 렌즈가 Group 1 렌즈보다 16 레 이상 많았으며， 모든 재질의 렌즈에서 계면활성서l 척액은 다목적용액보다 세척효과가 우수힌 것으로 나타나 다목적용액으로 Group IV 렌즈틀 세착한 경우에는 계떤활성세척액으로 Group 1 렌즈플 세착한 경우보다 단백칠 침전물이 30 배 이상 증가하였다 그러나 실리 콘하이드로젤렌즈의 경우 비이온성， 이온성 재질에서 모두 단백질 침전불이 잘 부착되 지 않았으며 반복오염에 의해서도 침전물이 적게 부착되는 것으로 나타났다 따라서 단백질 침전물의 양은 렌즈의 재잘과 표면처리방법과 판리용액에 의해 영 향을 받는 것으로 사료된다.

This study was conducted to develop and evaluate food menus after investigating eating behaviors and food preferences of preschool children. Parents of the preschool children In 2 Gumi City day-care centers completed questionnaires in July 2003, which were used to assess eating behaviors and food preferences of their preschool children. Analysis of the questionnaires led to the development of the menus. Menus (n=10) were developed for five different categories (two menus were developed for each category) including general menu, unbalanced menu, anemia menu, obese menu, and traditional menu. The preschool children(n=656) evaluated the menus as they were provided with each them throughout October 2003. The five score scale method was used to evaluate taste, smell, looks, texture and general preference of each menu. Results in eating behaviors showed that 70.7% of preschool children had unbalanced eating behaviors. No gender based differences in eating behaviors were found, but in regard to food preferences boys tended to prefer carbonated drinks more than girls. Results indicated that among all menus, fruit ranked highest (3.97±0.65) for food preference, and vegetables ranked lowest for food preference (2.46±0.68). Food preference in regard to cooking process indicated the highest preference was for fried foods (3.80±0.68) and the lowest preference was for raw vegetables (2.61±1.27) and namul (2.85±1.13). Preference for taste ranked the highest (4.30±0.91) but preference for looks recorded the lowest (3.95±0.89). Of all the foods in the menus, steamed tofu rated the highest for individual food item preference, while tuna sesame leaf rice rated the lowest preference. Statistical analysis of interrelationships among food taste, smell, looks, texture and general preference were significant (p〈0.0l). Results from this study suggest that various factors including food taste, smell, looks, and texture influence the food preferences of preschool children. Therefore, it is concluded that by developing a variety of appetizing menus for use at home and in day-care centers, containing varied food items and cooking methods, preschool children will be encouraged to increase their food preferences and to establish appropriate eating behaviors.

The purpose of this study was to find the effects of using aid in enhancing walking ability inpatients with spinal cord injury who have received rehabilitative care. The study population consisted of 24 spinal cord injury patients referred to the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine in the National Rehabilitation Center (NRC). All subjects were ambulatory with or without an assistive devices. All of the participants were assessed on SCIM II, WISCI II, FIM, MBI, gait speed (m/s), and walking endurance (120 min/m). The data were analyzed using a paired t-test, a one-way ANOVA, and a Duncan test. The results revealed that TSCIM II and all of the items of SCIM II of the cervical ASIA D group patients were higher than those of the Thoracic ASIA A and C group patients (p<.05). The FIM, MBI, and WISCI II of the cervical ASIA D group patients were higher than those of the Thoracic ASIA C group patients (p>.05). The walking velocities of the lumbar ASIA C group patients were higher than those of Thoracic ASIA A group patients (p<.05). The walking endurance of the lumbar ASIA C group patients was higher than that of the thoracic ASIA C group patients (p<.05). The ASIA D group patients used bilateral standard canes or crutches, but none used AFO. The ASIA A and C group patients used bilateral standard walkers with KAFO for standing and walking. The findings suggest that injury level as well as the functionality of walking aids should be considered when formulating a rehabilitative plan for patients with spinal cord injury.

The purpose of this study was evaluate the perception on the relationship between feeding and atopic dermatitis of infants. The results are summarized as follows:. The feeding method of atopic dermatitis infant was composed of breast feeding 26.9%, bottle feeding 50.9%, and mixed feeding 22.2%. 95.3% of the subjects recognized mother's meal during breast feeding were transmitted to infant, but 30.8% of breast feeding restricted their foods. Weaning food was recognized as a nutritional supplement primarily. 61.5% of the subjects perceived the relation between food and atopic dermatitis and 58.8% of the subject perceived atopic dermatitis infants will be cured by growing. 39.9% of the subjects answered that special food developed and made worse atopic dermatitis in their infants. Egg, mackerel, milk, pork, chicken scored high as doubtful food related with atopic dermatitis. It is necessary to find out the food that develop atopic dermatitis symtoms and make guidelines for diet therapy for the infants with atopic dermatitis.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationships between the socioeconomic condition, health attitude and the eye health of the elderly. Thereupon, this study is attributed to promote the eye health of the elderly. Data were collected through questionnaire by one-to-one interview in a community. The content of original questionnaires were revised by literature review and the pilot study. The sample was consisted of 285 elderly with a mean age of 71.8 years. In the study group, female was 52.3% and male was 47.7%, respectively. In age group, over 80 years was 16.5%, 75-79 was 21.0%, 70-74 was 29.5%, 65-69 was 26.0% and 60-64 was 7.0%. In maritai status, married and living with spouse was 54.4%, widowed was 45.6%. The elderly were suffering with diseases of arthritis(33.3%), hypertension(20.1%), cataract(14.2%) and diabetes(9.7%), respectively. Socioeconomics conditions were measured with monthly allowance money : The upper group those who can spend over 310,000 won was 13.6%, 110,000-300,000 won was 34.0%, less than 100,000 won was 52.5%, respectively. Therefore, the person who were very active health practice group were correlated positively with the wealthier group. Of the total, 33.2% of the elderly answered, they are suffering from two kinds of diseases combined at the same time. For the elderly who have the more concem on eye health were positively correlated with the higher educational level, live with spouse, and the ones who can spend the more monthly allowances. Eye health concem is positively correlated to health attitude.

콘돼트렌즈 관리 용액의 세포독성올 검사하기 위한 방법이 여러 가지 이용되고 았 으나， 직접 소프트콘택트렌즈에 홉수된 관리용액의 독성을 조사하기는 어려운 실정이 었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 관리용액이 홉수원 렌즈 위에 세포를 직접 배양하여 용 출된 관리용액으로 언한 세포독성을 평가하고자 시행하였다. 여러 가지 콘돼트헨즈 관련 용액 중 보존제 성분으로 가장 많이 사용되고 있쓴 Benzalkonium chloride (BAC)와 Multipurpose solutions(MPS) 빛 AOSept에 Etafilcon A(FDA공인 W 그룹， Acuvue) 재질인 소프트콘태트렌즈콜 4시간 동안 담구어 용액이 홉수되도록 한 후 배양 결막세포 (clone 1- 5c -4) 룹 콘택트렌즈 위에 직접 배양하여 2 시간 통안 용출액에 의한 세포독성을 조사하였다. 또한 같은 용액에 세포를 2시간 직접 배양하여 독성 정 도를 비교하였으며， Monolayer cell 에 같은 용액올 15분 직접 처리하여 독성올 비교 하였다. 그리고 계대 배양 시 25% 농도로 같은 용액을 세포 혼탁액에 혼합하여 부착 률과 증식률을 조사하였다. 세포독성은 세포를 계수하는 방볍과 시l 포활성올 조사하는 방법올 이용하였으며 형광염색을 통해 세포 생존용플 비교하였다. 콘택트렌즈 용출액에 의한 세포 독성은 MPS는 거의 독성이 없었으며， BAC (0,00 1%-0，α)5%) 처리군에서는 40% 의 세포 증식저해가 였으벼. BAC 0， 01% 와 AOSept (0α)()5 -0.oo1%)에서는 70%이상의 증삭저해를 나타냈다. 또한 세포를 실험 용액에 직 접 2시간 배양하여 세포뜰 계수한 결과 대조군인 식염수에 비교하변 MPS 는 40% 이상， BAC 0.001%는 70% 이상， AOSept는 80% 이상 세포 뚱식 서해가 있으며， BAC (O.α)5， 0.01%) 에서는 세포의 생존율이 없는 것으로 사료된다. MTT assay 와 LDH assay를 한 결과 세포룰 계수 하는 결과와 유사하게 나타났다. 형광염색을 이용한 생존율 조사 결 과， BAC 0.01% 처리군에서는 세포가 사멸하는 것을 확인할 수 았었다.