This study was conducted to evaluate the risk of overweight and obesity in adolescents consuming snacks frequently from 2007~2009, Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). The subjects (12~14 years: n=523; 15~18 years: n=614) were presented with food frequency questionnaires, and they were classified according to their gender and frequency of snack consumption. In the age group of 12~14 years, boys and girls (boys OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 0.52~2.39, girls OR: 12.45, 95% CI: 2.26~68.51) who consumed yogurt frequently had a higher risk of overweight and obesity at the highest quartile frequency compared with the lowest quartile after adjustments for multiple confounding factors, including age, physical activity, frequency of eating out and snack consumption, and energy intake. In the age group of 15~18 years, girls (OR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.34~2.99) consuming fried foods had a higher risk of overweight and obesity at the highest quartile frequency compared with the lowest quartile after adjustments for multiple confounding factors, including age, physical activity, frequency of eating out and snack consumption, and energy intake. Thus, we conclude that frequent consumption of yogurt and fried foods increases the risk of overweight and obesity in adolescents. These findings suggest that the risk of overweight and obesity is associated with the frequency of snack consumption.

This study aimed to compare energy nutrient intake, health related factors, physical characteristics, blood biochemical indices, prevalence of metabolic syndrome and odds ratio (OR) of metabolic syndrome based on dietary fat energy ratio. Subjects were 1,205 men aged 40~64 years. The average fat intake was 52.8 g. Subjects were divided into three groups (deficient, normal, excess) based on dietary fat energy ratio. The dietary fat energy rations of the three groups were 36.9%, 42.9% and 20.2%, respectively. Energy and protein intake were increased significantly with dietary fat energy ratio (p<0.001), whereas carbohydrate intake decreased (p<0.001). In health related factors, amount of smoking alone showed increase based on dietary fat energy ratio (p<0.001). In comparing physical characteristics, blood pressure and blood biochemical indices, excepting diastolic blood pressure, increased significantly based on dietary fat energy ratio (p<0.01~p<0.001). The rate that exceeded criteria in risk factors for metabolic syndrome was higher in the serum triglyceride (41.2%) and was lower in the waist circumference (22.2%). Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 37.9%, and showed significant correlation to dietary fat energy ratio (p<0.05). The OR of metabolic syndrome was higher in deficient and excess group than in normal group, but it had no relationship between fat energy ratio and metabolic syndrome. The results of this study provide basic data to establish fat intake guidelines for prevention of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged men.

본 연구에서는 금강 대권역에 서식하는 멸종위기 담수어류의 분포, 이들 종에 대한 화학적 지표와의 관계 및 물리적 서식지 특성을 분석하였다. 금강 대권역에 서식하는 멸종위기종의 개체수는 감돌고기(Pseudopungtungia nigra), 꾸구 리(Gobiobotia macrocephala), 돌상어(Gobiobotia brevibarba), 퉁사리(Liobagrus obesus), 미호종개(Iksookimia choii) 순으로 나타났다. 멸종위기 야생생물 I급 어류인 감돌고기는 금강 대권역 내 18개 하천에서 가장 광범위하게 분포하여, 향후 감돌고기의 I급 어종 선정에 대한 재평가가 필요한 것으로 사료되었다. 또한 초강 중권역에서 멸종위기어종이 총 4종 384개체가 채집되어 종수 및 개체수가 풍부하였다. 멸종위기어종 서식지에서 이화학적 수질내성도 분석에 따르면, 생물학적 산소요구량(BOD) 및 총인(TP)은 각각 매우 좋음(Ⅰa), 좋음(Ⅰb)으로 평가 되었으며. 암모니아성 질소(NH4+), 총질소(TN), 인산염 인(PO4-P) 등의 수질 항목도 멸종위기종 비 출현지점에 비해 훨씬 양호한 것으로 분석되었다. 한편, 미호종개의 경우 수질의 내성범위가 다른 어종에 비해서 광범위하게 나타나, 화학적 수질특성이 크게 악화되지 않을 경우 수질특성 보다는 미소서식처의 하상구조, 수리수문학적 특성 등의 물리적 서식지 조건이 더 중요한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 멸종위기종의 분포는 1∼3차의 소형하천보다 4∼6차 대형하천에서 높게 나타났으며, 주로하천의 상류 및 중상류에 작은 무리를 이루며 서식하는 것으로 나타났다. 멸종위기종 미출현지역과 출현지역의 생태건강도 다변수 평가모델 값은 각각 21.6 “보통상태(Fair)” 및 30.5 “양호상태(Good)”로 나타나 뚜렷한 차이를 보여, 생태건강도가 잘 유지된 곳에서 멸종위기종이 잘 서식하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 요약해 보면, 감돌고기와 같은 어종의 멸종위기종 선정에 대한 재평가가 향후 필요하며, 수질오염 및 서식지교란이 가속화되고 있어 멸종위기종 에 대한 체계적인 보호 및 관리가 필요하다.

This study was conducted to investigate the risk of chronic disease as predicted by abdominal obesity in Korean adult females. Data on 2,738 adult females aged 40~64 yrs was obtained from the 2013~2014 Korean National Health Nutrition Examination Survey. The subjects were divided into normal (n=1,835), abdominal obesity (AO, n=73), and BMI-diagnosed abdominal obesity (BMI-AO, n=505) groups based on the NCEP-ATP III guidelines and by applying the KSSO definition regarding waist circumference. Triglyceride blood levels, fasting blood sugar levels, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure were higher in the AO and BMI-AO groups than in the normal group. The HDL-cholesterol levels of subjects in the two abdominal groups were lower as compared to those of subjects in the normal group. The mean adequacy ratio was lower among subjects in the AO and BMI-AO groups than among those in the normal group. Moreover, the NAR and INQ scores of some micro-nutrients in both of the abdominal obesity groups were lower than those in the normal group. Both the AO and BMI-AO groups showed significantly higher risks of hypertriglycemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension, hypoHDL-cholesterolemia, and metabolic syndrome than were shown by the normal group. Notably, as compared to the normal group, the AO group showed higher risk of hypercholesterolemia, hyperLDL-cholesterolemia, hypertriglycemia, and metabolic syndrome than did the BMI-AO group. This finding suggests that it is essential to develop prevention programs including programs for those with abdominal obesity despite their having a BMI within the normal range.

The purpose of this study was to find efficient and customized tools for delivering the benefit of health functional foods (HFFs). Delivery tools which could influence the impact of advertising were images, explanations of ingredients, diagrams of health benefit, patents, and comments from authority. Six advertisements were developed using these tools: “A”: relevant image + explanation of ingredients + scientific diagram of efficacy; “B”: relevant image + explanation of ingredients; “C”: relevant image; “D”: irrelevant image; “E”: irrelevant image + explanation of ingredient + patent; “F”: irrelevant image + explanation of ingredient + comments from authority. To analyze the consumer perceptions on HFFs and advertisement effects, 300 respondents were requested to answer a questionnaire comprising of the following questions: 5 questions of attitudes (necessity of HFFs, trust in HFFs, gathering information, watching advertisements and trust in advertisement claims) and 6 questions on the 6 developed advertisements (attention, understanding, sufficiency of information, sympathy, trust, and purchase). Scoring was done as per the 5 Likert scale. There was a higher proportion of females and the elderly, as compared to males and youngsters. The overall consumer attitudes were positive. Explanation of ingredients, scientific diagram of health benefit, patents and expert comments were helpful factors in increasing the advertisement evaluation by consumer, but the images were not. Advertisement evaluation of consumer did not differ with gender and age. However, differences were observed between some of the consumer attitudes (necessity of HFFs, trust in HFFs, gathering information and trust in advertisements claim) and advertisement evaluations (attention, understanding, sympathy and purchase). Our results indicate that for consumers utilizing the HFFs, advertisements with concrete tools such as diagrams, patent, and expert comments are more helpful. However, for consumers who do not have interest in HFFs, the scientific information was irrelevant. We believe that to maximize the effect of health information in advertisements, consumers should be segmented, and customized tools for each segment needs to be developed.

This study highlights the main effect of job demand, work shift, work environment and stressors on the railway traffic controller's health, and the moderating effect of work0life balance. The result of empirical analysis based on questionnaires received from 328 traffic controllers working at 10 railway operating companies indicates that job demand, work shift, work environment and stressors have significant effect on their health, among which stressors is a major factor. In the respect of moderating effect, WLB showed no significance except for job demand. This result implies that controller's health can not be enhanced through their individual family or leisure life. Therefore, effective countermeasures and policy to mitigate their health problems and heal their symptoms are urgent.

The purpose of this study was to determine health consciousness and eating habits of workers at Deluxe hotels in Seoul and Gyonggi-do. To determine health levels, this study focused on quality of sleep, current state of health, smoking, drinking, regular exercise, dietary behavior patterns, dietary habits, and food intake patterns. Out of 228 subjects, 145 (63.6%) were males and 83 (36.4%) were females. Majority of workers (86.9%) graduated from university. A majority (57.0%) worked more than 10 years. Average health condition was ‘little tired’, whereas 18.4% of subjects were ‘always tired’. Male percentages for smoking and drinking were higher than those for females. A total of 44.3% of workers ate twice a day. Regular physical activity was high, but regular exercise rate was slightly low. Male average eating speed was faster than that of females and had lower scores for desirable eating habits. Shift workers ate night meals more than non- shift workers. This study shows that workers at Deluxe hotels need to take better care of their health.

The purpose of this study was to determine the health behaviors and nutritional status related to dyslipidemia in Korean middle-aged adults (between 50 and 64 years old) from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examinations Survey data (2007~2010). A total of 4,721 subjects were analyzed in this study. The subjects were divided into three groups (normal, borderline, and dyslipidemia) according to serum lipid levels. Parameters included in this study were drinking and smoking, anthropometric parameters, blood and nutritional parameters. The latter parameter included food/nutrients intake. All data was adjusted by sex, region, education level, and age. General linear model and logistic regression model were used for statistical analysis. The dyslipidemia group was comprised of more men than women. By contrast, the borderline group was comprised of more women than men (p<0.001). No significant differences were observed for other general characteristics. There were more smokers and drinkers(drinking per time) in the dyslipidemia group (p<0.05). Anthropometric data showed significant difference, ie, height (p<0.05), weight, body mass index, waist circumference, percent body fat, and blood pressure were higher in the dyslipidemia group (p<0.001). Only blood urea nitrogen showed no significant difference among groups. The HbA1c (p<0.01), fasting blood glucose, GOT, GPT, creatinine levels were higher in the dyslipidemia group (p<0.001). So it is required for the management of obesity in dyslipidemia group. The dyslipidemia group ate less sea food (p<0.05). The nutrients intake of energy and protein, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, calcium, phosphorus were lower in the dyslipidemia group (p<0.05). Therefore, to lower dyslipidemia prevalence rates, it is necessary to increase the intake of foods containing ω-3 fatty acids. We also suggest a meal management program and nutritional education to recognize the risk of dyslipidemia, especially for people such as the individual in the borderline and dyslipidemia study groups. Key words: dyslipidemia, Korean middle-aged adults, nutritional status, health behaviors

목 적: 2011, 2012년도 국민건강영양조사 내용을 기반으로 우리나라 나이관련황반변성(Age-related macular degeneration, AMD)의 위험요인을 분석하고자 하였다. 방 법: 국민건강영양조사 제5기 과정 중 2011년, 2012년도 조사대상자의 건강 검진과 안과 검진을 받은 45세 이상의 성인을 대상으로 AMD와 상관성이 있는 위험요인인 성별과 연령 통제 전과 후로 구분하여 로지 스틱 회귀분석으로 통계처리를 하였으며 유의수준은 0.05 이하로 하였다. 결 과: 인구·보건학적인 요인에서는 성별과 연령을 통제하기 전에는 여성, 연령이 많을수록, 교육정도 가 낮을수록, 읍/면 거주자에서 발병률이 높게 나타났으나, 성별과 연령을 통제한 경우에는 거주지는 상관 성이 없고 여성과 연령이 많을수록, 교육정도가 낮을수록 발병률이 높게 나타났다. 신체·질병학적인 요인 에서는 성별과 연령 통제하기 전에는 고혈압, 중성지방 및 가족력이 위험요인이었으나 성별과 연령 통제 후 에는 모든 요인들이 AMD와 상관성이 없었다. 성별과 연령을 통제하기 전에는 난시, 근시, 원시, 백내장 및 안질환 가족력이 AMD와 상관성이 있었으나, 성별과 연령을 통제 후에는 원시안과 백내장이 AMD 위험요인 으로 나타났고 근시안은 AMD 위험요인이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 건강·행태학적인 요인에서는 성별과 연령 을 통제하기 전에는 햇볕 노출 5시간 이상만 상관성이 있었으나, 성별과 연령을 통제한 후에는 흡연, 햇볕 노출 5시간 이상이 AMD 발병을 높이는 위험요인으로 분석되었다. 결 론: AMD 발병은 나이와 성별에 연관이 있고, 성별과 연령을 통제한 경우에는 원시, 백내장, 흡연 및 햇볕 노출 시간이 상관성이 있음을 확인하였다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between frequency of coffee consumption, metabolic biomarkers, and nutrition intake in adult participants in the combined 2007~2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Subjects (2,095 males and 3,297 females) were classified according to sex and frequency of coffee consumption (≤1 time/month, ≥2 times/month and ≤6 times/week, 1 time/day, 2 times/day, 3 times/day) using food frequency questionnaires. Nutrition intake was analyzed using 24 h recall data. The 3 times/day coffee consumption group had a significantly higher age, and frequency of smokers and drinkers compared to the ≤1 time/month coffee consumption group in both male and female participants. Males in the 3 times/day coffee consumption group had a significantly lower HDL-cholesterol level, but females had a higher waist circumference compared with the ≤1 time/month coffee consumption group. Males in the 3 times/day coffee consumption group had a significantly lower nutrient density of fiber, vitamin B2, vitamin C, calcium and phosphorus compared with the ≤1 time/month coffee intake group. Females in the 3 times/day coffee consumption group had a significantly higher nutrient density of fat and niacin, but lower nutrient density of carbohydrate, calcium, phosphorus, and iron compared with the ≤1 time/month coffee intake group. In males, the frequency of coffee consumption was not associated with the levels of metabolic biomarkers. In females, the frequency of coffee consumption was positively associated with diastolic blood pressure after adjustments for multiple confounding factors, including age, BMI, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity and energy intake. Coffee consumption was associated with decreased diastolic blood pressure in females. These findings suggest the importance of an awareness of the association between coffee consumption and metabolic risk.

The purpose of this study was to analyze University student’s dietary behavior for processed foods and recognition on food nutrition labelling according to the degree of health concern. For this study, 302 University students in Gyeonggi region was surveyed by questionnaire from May in 2016 and it included the questions about general matters, dietary behavior on processed foods, and the food nutrition label system. It was analysed by SPSS win 23.0 program. And the results are as follows. According to the result of the factor analysis, the preference of processed foods were showed 3.21~3.97. There were significant differences in milk and milk products preference according to health concern (p<0.05). Also frequency of processed foods was shown significant differences in milk and milk products, noodles, beverage, and fast food (p<0.05), whereas no significant differences were found in meat products, snack, bread and frozen food (p>0.05). Also, the processed food purchase consideration according to health concern was shown significant differences in nutrition, origin, manufacturing company (p<0.05), whereas no significant differences were found in taste, price, exterior, brand, and shelf life (p>0.05). Thus, it is necessary to do continuing public relations and to provide more opportunities for nutrition education so that the University students may obtain right dietary behavior on processed foods and the system of food nutrition indication be established properly.

This study aimed to examine the health-related lifestyle habits and eating behaviors according to gender, ethnicity, and residence type of university students in Yanbian, China. Self-administered questionnaires were collected from 302 university students. Of the male students, 12.1% and 42.0% were in the underweight and overweight groups, respectively, and of the female subjects, 21.3% and 16.3%, were in those respective groups. More male than female students preferred the overweight body somatotype. In contrast, about 49.4% of female students were hoping to be underweight, and female students had more obvious difficulties with body somatotype perception, whereas their exercise frequency and time spent exercising per day were much less than those of male students. More Chinese than Korean-Chinese subjects exhibited regular eating habits, which included eating at the same time everyday and at the same frequency per day; these habits were, accompanied by generally healthier lifestyle habits regarding regularity of activity and exercise time. Self-boarding students had a significantly higher BMI (23.7±5.1 kg/m2) and were more likely to be overweight (43.5%) as compared to students who lived in a dormitory or with family. Salty taste was preferred by Chinese students more than Korean-Chinese students, and greasy taste was preferred by Korean-Chinese students as compared with Chinese students. This study found that inherent and environmental factors are related with the dietary behaviors of university students in Yanbian, China. Further studies are required to elucidate the structural elements of family life and the sociocultural factors associated with dietary behaviors in Yanbian.

본 연구는 교정공무원이 경험하는 직무스트레스, 직무소진, 정신건강이 교정공무원의 행복에 미치는 영향과 직무스트레스와 직무소진이 행복에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 정신건강의 매개효과를 검증하는데 목적이 있다. 조사된 자료는 빈도분석, 기술통계분석, 상관관계분석, 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 직무스트레스와 직무소진은 정신건강에 유의미한 수준에서 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 직무스트레스는 행복에 유의미한 수준에서 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 직무소진은 행복에 미치는 영향력이 유의미한 수준에서 부적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 정신건강은 행복에 미치는 영향력이 유의미한 수준에서 부적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 정신건강은 직무스트레스와 행복, 직무소진과 행복의 관계에서 매개효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 교정공무원의 행복 증진을 위한 제언을 논의하였다.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutrient intake, diversity and prevalence of diseases according to noodle consumption using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) of 2010. Korean adults (>20) were classified into two groups, noodle group (NG) and non-noodle group (NNG). NG was found to have higher intakes of protein, calcium, iron, sodium, potassium, and niacin. The DVS and DDS according to noodle consumption were found to be 21.76 and 3.51 for NG, and 18.56 and 3.40 for NNG, this result was thought to show that the diet of NG was more satisfactory than that of NNG in terms of dietary diversity. In the bone mass of entire subjects, NG showed higher figures in the femoral neck and lumbar spine than NNG. For bone mineral density, NG exhibited higher figures in the femoral neck, and for T-scores, the values of NG was significantly higher in the femoral neck than those of NNG. However, the prevalence of osteoporosis of NG and NNG was 11.6% and 9.5%. The prevalence of osteopenia of NG and NNG was 43.0% and 51.7%. Thus, these results showed that overall bone health of NG was better than that of NNG. Dietary balance and quality were also more satisfactory in NG. These results showed that noodle consumption may have an impact on the prevalence of chronic diseases.

Brown rice, barley, and buckwheat contain a variety of functional ingredients, such as vitamins, minerals, and dietary fibers. Germination is an effective technique for improving the digestion and absorption of the constituents in grains. In addition, germination could modify the chemical properties of grains and increase the content of biologically active substances. Many studies have reported that the intake of grains or germinated grains could ameliorate blood glucose level, stimulate the immune system, lower blood pressure, and result in anti-obesity effect. Therefore, grains and germinated grains are being utilized in a variety of functional products. The present study reviews the primary components and bio-functionalities of grains (brown rice, barley, and buckwheat) and germinated grains (germinated brown rice). The development of grain products for promoting health functional properties is also discussed.

The thesis of this study is that, “Health and Wellness”should be prioritized to enhance the store loyalty in Japanese Supermarkets. In order to prioritize, one must understand where the“Health and Wellness”is in the study of Supermarket marketing. As of current situation in Japan, facing two major critical issues, Aging society in advanced culture, and the 3.11 natural disaster linking with the nuclear issues, following hypothesis is made,“Health and Wellness”plays the sensitive and strong role in“Quality”Factor, which reflects store loyalty directly along with the other three; Service, Assortment, and Price of the Quantitative research to Yaoko supermarket customers (see Figure 1). In conclusion, the research question of this study is that, would“Health and Wellness”eventually become an independent 5th key factors constructed store loyalty in the future? The existing study in this study is summarized into two directions;“CSV, Marketing 3.0, and Co-Created Value”and“Store Loyalty”. First, CSV reported by Porter & Kramer (2011) aims to be compatible, both in social and economic values. On the other note, CSR aims to only create a social value. And Marketing 3.0 reported by Kotler, Kartajaya, & Setiawan (2010) is Value-driven marketing similar to CSV. The key concept is focused on the importance of Cooperate Mission, Vision, Value and Co-Creation with consumers and regional community. Precisely, the Marketing 3.0 is related with the concept of Co-Created value (Prahalad & Ramaswamy, 2000; Vargo & Lusch, 2004). In summary, such question may rise; why does a company focus to the idea of CSV, Marketing3.0 nowadays? It is obvious to state, a company suffers from the pressure created by commodity phenomenon of goods and services. Therefore, in order to face such pressure, a company aims to upgrade from the functional value to the ideated value or social value. And this is the basic idea of Marketing 3.0. Next, consumers are very sensitive to social goods and values when they purchase the goods and services more than ever before. Therefore, a company faces to build up not only the economic value but also the social value; which is the basic idea of CSV. In short, both a company and consumers are focused now to the concept of the sustainability as “Health and Wellness” in Japan, where the basic qualities are already covered and are way below the considerable point. With this, essentially, the sustainability is the CSV and Marketing 3.0. Secondly, the research framework of Store loyalty in this study is based on the existing study of Baker, Parasuraman, Grewel, & Voss (2002). And based on Baker’s Store Loyalty Model, this study reflects quantitative research result to Yaoko supermarket customers. The result is that, Store Loyalty to supermarkets of“Co-Created Value” type in Japan is constituted to both “service” (e.g., Emotional satisfaction from shopping, Comforts created by the store atmosphere, and Proposal ability by the employees) and “Quality” for “fresh”foods (e.g., Freshness, Safety). This existing study indicates that, the retailing needs “Customer Perspective” and “Co-Created Value Perspective” in order to earn the store loyalty image within the category of “Service” and “Quality”. The Research Question of this study as mentioned in prior is , would“Health and Wellness”eventually become an independent 5th key factor constructing store loyalty in near future? As a first step, hypothesis of this study is that,“Health and Wellness”reflects directly to the major factor in “Quality” of the 4 factors (e.g., Service, Quality, Assortment, and Price) reflecting the strength of store loyalty. This study adopted three methods; Result of quantitative research to Yaoko supermarket customers in the store (August 8,9,10, and 17, 2014), the others are in-depth interviews (December 28, 2015, Feburary 13, and March 29, 2016), and Group interviews (Feburary 27, 2016) towards numerous customers in different societal groups (e.g., Young family, Post family, and Seniors) at the Yaoko store (see Figure 1). Additionally, quantitative study using POS and Yaoko customer panel will be conducted in this spring of 2016. Therefore, I will be able to further report the detailed result by GMC2016. Also, I am in part of ongoing study of the Health Marketing about Supermarket in Japan collaborating with the Healthcare Workshop in the Distribution Economics Institute of Japan in 2016. With this, I will add on the collaborating study effort in GMC2016. Due to the space limitation, this submission paper only suggests the summary of empirical study. In this study, the interview for Yaoko Top management (August 4 and 11, 2015) was done in with Yaoko Co Head Quarters in Saitama prefecture, which is the most famous “Co-Created Value” supermarkets in Japan. Yaoko conducted the experiment of“Health and Wellness”in Asakaoka, which is their new store in Saitama prefecture completed in Nov. 2015. Yaoko aims to differentiate not only MD, but also Social Value from the competitors. Yaoko Top management and“Health and Wellness”leader has stated that, we would like to be known as the “Yaoko”. Just like now, “Wholefoods Market ” is known by their supermarket name. Such brand strength shows that the cooperate brand surpassed the type of operation as Supermarkets. One format is“Health and Wellness MD”. This format is linked with CSV, Marketing 3.0. They stated that, there are three key points of success (i.e., Internal marketing for employees, Health and Wellness Management for stakeholders, and Health and Wellness MD for customers). These tactics are asked to maintain the balance. From this, I believe that, Yaoko has a strength in balance by“Kotenkeiei ” based Chain Operation, Customers Perspective, and Co-Created Value. Therefore, they will establish this format step by step. As follows, with reference to my Yaoko quantitative research result. The result is, Store Loyalty to Supermarkets of “Co-Created Value” type in Japan is constituted by both “Service” and “Quality” reflecting “fresh”foods. On the other hand, In-depth interviews from the customers and Group interviews toYaoko supermarket customers indicated that, the consumers does not see “Health and Wellness” image in Yaoko Asakaoka Store. However, they ask “Freshness, Safety, and Quality including quality in tastes” in Fresh foods (e.g., Vegitables, Fruits, Fishes and Meats) for Supermarkets when they hear “Health and Wellness”. Also, they stick to purchasing vegetables, fruits and fish that are in its season. Quantitative research , In-depth interviews, and Group interviews results to Yaoko supermarket customers are linked to the consciousness of the consumers in “Health and Wellness”. However it is quite difficult for the retailers to change the consciousness of the consumers when dealing with the image of “Health and Wellness”. Because the retailers use on Assortment and Price is MD-based. Therefore, the retailer is not used to meal-solution and experienced value event that are key to appeal “Health and Wellness”. It is essential to understand the importance of relationships with regional communities. As of now, with such understanding, Yaoko is collaborating with Asaka City in order to enhance the result, which is precisely the “Co-Created Value”with the consumers and administration in regional community. In summary, Yaoko’s CSV and Marketing 3.0 action must be sustained for some years at least. Reason being that, there is of a complexity in establishing the store image and positioning of“Health and Wellness”for their well-aware conscious customers. This marketing strategy based on CSV, Marketing 3.0, and Co-Created Value is most advanced, original, and unique in Japanese retailing. The result will be linked with the avoidance of commodity phenomenon in the near future. This study indicates that,“Health and Wellness”should be prioritized to enhance the store loyalty in Japanese Supermarkets. This approach is differentiated from the cooperate brand image and positioning for the competitors. Currently speaking with the social situations,“Health and Wellness”reflects directly to the major factor “Quality”, which is one of the 4 factors of Store Loyalty by the result of quantitative research, In-depth interviews, and Group interviews to Yaoko supermarket customers.“Health and Wellness”to become an independent 5th key factor to construct store loyalty is still in the midst of progress. The reason is that the consciousness for“Health and Wellness”varies by the customer’s life-stage, gender, and/or that the consumer has kids or not in Japan. The highly conscious customers for“Health and Wellness”may become an independent 5th key factor to construct store loyalty because of such extremely strong value reflect compared to the others. Yet, most Japanese customers believe that“Health and Wellness” is the major factor of “Quality”, which is one of the 4 factors (e.g., Service, Quality, Assortment, and Price) of Store Loyalty according to the result of these research. This study is still on-going and currently, the store experiment is appealing the value of “Health and Wellness”to Yaoko supermarket customers. Therefore, the additional result of quantitative study shall be included and reflected, as it will be completed in prior to the GMC2016. These findings of quantitative and qualitative study will be useful towards the Health Marketing. Essentially, this is the new theoretical development and contribution as how to construct the store loyalty using the Health Marketing. Also, this study indicates the other perspective. It is very difficult for the retailers-side to notice the importance of “Health and Wellness”, and for the customers to keep the balance in“Health and Wellness”, which includes the basics such as, to eat the healthy food, to play a moderate exercise and to have a good sleep.Finally, the retailer may propose the“Health and Wellness”value in Store through Co-Created Value with the consumers in regional community. In such case, the proposal of“Health and Wellness”should be combined with Assortment , Service, Experienced Value Events. Yaoko’s“Health and Wellness”challenge is very unique and original compared to competitors. Most of the retailers are basing the focus only towards Assortment in Healthy foods. Nowadays, Retailing Innovation of Supermarkets in Japan has evolved from MD to appeal the value of “Health and Wellness”. This is called “the innovation with the leap”, as to reflecting on CSV and Marketing 3.0.

목 적: 이 설문 연구의 목적은 의료민영화와 안경원 법인화 정책에 대한 안경사들의 인식을 조사하는 것 이었다. 방 법: 2014년 6월부터 8월까지 서울 지역에서 근무하는 임상안경사 100명을 대상으로 대면 설문 조사 를 실시하였다. 설문 대상자 가운데 안경원 원장이 48명이고 고용 안경사가 52명이었다. 결 과: 의료민영화와 안경원 법인화 문제에 대한 인식도는 높은 편이었으며, 반대 의견이 매우 많았다. 안경사들은 의료민영화 문제에 대해서는 의료서비스의 소비자로서 반응하고, 안경원 법인화 문제에 대해서 는 공급자로서 반응하는 양상을 나타냈다. 안경원 법인화 문제에 대해서 고용 안경사 집단에 비해 안경원 원 장 집단이 더 강한 반대 의견과 비관적인 예상을 보였다. 결 론: 안경사들은 의료민영화 문제가 어느 정도 안경원 법인화 문제와 연결되어 있다고 인식하고 있었으 나, 그 영향에 대해서는 일반 국민들과 마찬가지로 자신들이 의료서비스의 소비자 위치에 있다고 생각하고 있었다. 고용 안경사들에 비해 안경원 원장들이 안경원 법인화에 더 비관적이고 강하게 반대하고 있었다.