In recent years, business environment is faced with multi uncertainty that have not been suffered in the past. As supply chain is getting expanded and longer, the flow of information, material and production is also being complicated. It is well known that development service industry using application software has various uncertainty in random events such as supply and demand fluctuation of developer’s capcity, project effective date after winning a contract, manpower cost (or revenue), subcontract cost (or purchase), and overrun due to developer’s skill-level. This study intends to social contribution through attempts to optimize enterprise’s goal by supply chain management platform to balance demand and supply and stochastic programming which is basically applied in order to solve uncertainty considering economical and operational risk at solution supplier. In Particular, this study emphasizes to determine allocation of internal and external manpower of developers using S&OP (Sales & Operations Planning) as monthly resource input has constraint on resource’s capability that shared in industry or task. This study is to verify how Stochastic Programming such as Markowitz’s MV (Mean Variance) model or 2-Stage Recourse Model is flexible and efficient than Deterministic Programming in software enterprise field by experiment with process and data from service industry which is manufacturing software and performing projects. In addition, this study is also to analysis how profit and labor input plan according to scope of uncertainty is changed based on Pareto Optimal, then lastly it is to enumerate limitation of the study extracted drawback which can be happened in real business environment and to contribute direction in future research considering another applicable methodology.

A Taguchi robust design method with an L9 orthogonal array and larger-the-better characteristics was implemented to optimize experimental conditions for the hydrolysis of raw anchovy using a pressure-assisted enzymatic reaction method. The degree of hydrolysis (DH), nitrogen recovery (NR) and yield were considered as the response parameters. Pressure, reaction temperature, reaction time, and mixed enzyme amount were chosen as control parameters. As a result of the Taguchi analysis in this study, the pressure was found to be the most influential parameter on DH and NR. The amount of mixed enzyme in the reaction also had a significant effect on DH and NR. Meanwhile, the optimum values were confirmed to be similar at 95% confidence and 5% significance level through analysis of variance (ANOVA). Furthermore, new hydrolysates at optimum conditions and control hydrolysates at atmospheric pressure were compared in terms of the DH, resulting in the improvement of DH by more than 52.6%.

국내 양송이 재배에서 가장 많이 사용되는 재료는 볏짚으로서, 볏짚은 재배현장에서 가장 손쉽게 구할 수 있 는 재료이다. 볏짚은 단독 또는 다른 원재료를 혼합하여 사용하는데 본 연구에서는 다수의 재배농가에서 선 호하는 솜을 배합하여 볏짚대비 솜의 첨가비율의 최적화를 위한 재배시험을 실시하였다. 솜은 볏짚에 비하여 질소원인 단백질이풍부하고 야적 시 퇴비화 기간을 단축하는 효과를 가지고 있어서 계절에 따라서 적합한 비율을 혼합하면 수확량의 증가시킬 수 있는데 본 실험결과 볏짚 100%로 시료군보다 솜을 첨가 시 첨가량에 따라 생산량 및 상품 비율의 차이가 있는 것으로 확인하였다. 가장 우수한 시료군으로는 솜을 20% 첨가 시 에 생산량이 19% 증가하고 상품의 비율도 6% 증가하여 경제성이 높아지는 결과를 얻었으며, 볏짚을 주재료 로 사용 시 솜의 적정 혼합량은 20% 수준으로 기대한다.

본 논문에서는 저차원 확률 함수를 사용하여 연속적인 선형 공극비 기울기를 갖는 기능경사재료 형태의 가상 시편을 제작 하였다. 실제 물 시멘트 비가 다른 두 종류 시멘트 풀 시편의 X-선 CT 단면 이미지를 통해 3차원 공극 분포 모델을 제작하 여 이를 기반으로 가상 시편을 제작하였다. 가상 시편이 두 실제 시편 사이에 위치하도록 공극 분포 특성을 저차원 확률 함 수와 공극비 기울기로 구성하였다. 공극 분포의 기울기는 연속적인 형태의 수직 방향의 선형 공극비 기울기로 구현하며, 이 를 위해 확률적 최적화의 목적 함수로 저차원 확률 함수와 공극비 기울기에 관한 함수를 사용하였다. 가상 시편 내 공극 분 포 특성 확인을 위해 본 연구에서는 투기율 분석을 유한요소해석을 통해 수행하였다. 공극 분포 특성과 투기율 해석 결과를 비교하여 가상 시편이 갖는 공극 분포 특성이 투기율에 미치는 영향을 확인하고, 투기율의 실제 실험 결과와 해석 결과의 비 교를 통해 해석 결과의 타당성을 입증하였다.

본 연구에서는 철근콘크리트 건물에 대한 유전자 알고리즘 기반의 최적구조설계기법을 제시하고자 한다. 목적함수는 구조 물의 비용과 이산화탄소 배출량을 동시에 각각 최소화하는 것이다. 비용 및 인산화탄소 배출량은 구조설계안에서 얻을 수 있는 단면치수, 부재길이, 재료강도, 철근량 등과 같은 설계정보를 통해 계산한다. 즉, 구조물의 물량을 기초로 하여 비용과 이산화탄소 배출량을 평가한다. 재료의 운반, 시공 및 건물 운영 단계에서 발생하는 비용 및 이산화탄소 배출량은 본 연구에 서 제외한다. 제약조건은 철근콘크리트 건물을 구성하는 기둥과 보 부재의 강도조건과 층간변위조건이 고려된다. 제약조건 을 평가하기 위해 OpenSees를 활용한 선형정적해석이 수행된다. 제약조건을 만족시키면서 목적함수에 대해 최소의 값을 제 시하는 설계안을 찾기 위해 유전자 알고리즘이 사용된다. 제시한 알고리즘의 적용성을 검증하기 위해 4층 철근콘크리트 모 멘트 골조 예제에 제시하는 기법을 적용하여 검증한다.

Sea cucumber, Stichopus japonicas, is widely used in East Asia as a traditional medical component for the treatment of asthma, arthritis, and sinus congestion. The hydrolysate of sea cucumber after treating with a protease is also widely used as an ingredient for the processed food application such as noodles. Tensile force and deformation are important texture properties of noodle. The peptides prepared by hydrolyzing sea cucumber could affect the tensile properties of noodle as well as DPPH radical scavenging. The objectives of this study were to characterize the tensile properties, the texture properties, color, and DPPH radical scavenging of noodle with the hydrolysate of sea cucumber and to determine an optimum formulation of dough with the hydrolysate of sea cucumber for noodle. The hydrolysate of sea cucumber was prepared by hydrolyzing dried sea cucumber powder with distilled water and a protease, Protamex (Novozyme Nordisk, Bagsvaerd, Denmark). Tensile test was used for measuring the breaking strength and the breaking distance of noodle. The tensile properties and antioxidant activity (DPPH radical scavenging) were used as major constraint functions for the optimization. Central composite design was used to determine the experimental points for the optimization. Quadratic models were developed to represent the constraint functions. The optimum ratio was determined to flour: water: the hydrolysate of sea cucumber = 69.27: 22.48: 7.05% (w/w). Increasing the amount of hydrolysate of sea cucumber in the formulation increased the tensile force but no significant difference was observed in the deformation. The hydrolysate of sea cucumber was successfully applied to a noodle formulation without degrading the major quality indices of noodle with enhancing the antioxidant activities.

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal mixing ratio of olive oil, parmesan cheese, and nuts for preparation of pesto with spinach. Based on a surface response methodology (RSM), the independent variables were olive oil (100~300 g), parmesan cheese (25~75 g) and nuts (12~36 g). The dependent variables were physico-chemical properties as pH, color values (L, a, and b values), viscosity and sensory evaluation. pH decreased with increasing parmesan cheese levels. The L value decreased and the a and b values increased with increasing olive oil levels. Viscosity was negatively correlated with olive oil levels but positively correlated with the amounts of parmesan cheese and nuts. The addition of oil exerted a positive effect on gloss, and oily taste. In the sensory evaluation, the values of appearance, color, flavor, taste and overall acceptance were in the range of 4.4~7.2, 3.7~7.4, 4.4~7.1, 3.9~7.3 and 3.5~7.6, respectively. The sensory evaluation results showed significant values in appearance (p<0.01), flavor (p<0.01), taste (p<0.01) and overall acceptance (p<0.05). The optimal amounts of spinach pesto with olive oil, parmesan cheese, and nuts were determined by numerical optimization of a canonical model and graphical optimization. The optimal amounts were 175.29 g of olive oil, 49.51 g parmesan cheese, and 27.37 g of nuts per 100 g of spinach.

In korea, only small amount of nonstructural lightweight concrete is being used through indirect effects such as heat insulation property and soundproofing rather than structural elements due to lack of structural lightweight aggregates and lack of understanding about lightweight concrete development, etc. That`s why structural lightweight concrete to reduce weight has not been put to practical use. This study is a part of high strength lightweight aggregate concrete researches using lightweight aggregates and the purpose of this study is to find out the basic physical characteristics and tension cracking fracture characteristics of lightweight concrete. Crack Mouth Opening Displacement is measured through 3 point flexure experiment about notch beam. Load-CMOD characteristics are examined through rules of countries, characteristics of lightweight concrete and tension cracking fracture experiments. The degree of tensile characteristic alteration according to size changes of specimen and the characteristics about crack surface are analyzed. The changes of softening curve are analyzed and fracture energy is drawn through inverse analysis by the obtained Load-CMOD curve. To decide fracture energy and analysis parametric, inverse analysis is conducted and Ant Colony Method is conducted for optimization and then a way to find out optimal parameterization fracture energy is suggested.

본 연구에서는, F4-ZnPc 광활성층 기반의 저분자 유기태양전지의 성능을 최적화 하기 위해서 다 양한 조건의 홀이동층과 전자이동층을 조합하는 연구를 진행하였다. BF-DPB 호스트 유기물에 C60F36 또 는 NDP9 도펀트를 도핑한 조합을 홀이동층으로 사용하였고, 전자이동층으로는 W2(hpp)4가 도핑된 C60 또는 순수 C60/Bphen 물질을 사용하였다. 다양한 홀/전자이동층의 조합은 유기태양전지의 단락전류밀도와 fill factor, 효율에 영향을 끼치는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다.

본 연구는 초음파 진동에 의해 발생하는 공동현상을 이용하여 다양한 유용성분과 생리활성을 가지고 있는 녹차와 애엽을 혼합하여 새로운 식품소재를 개발하기 위해서 반응표면분석법에 의한 추출특성을 모니터링 하여 최적 추출조건을 예측하였다. 초음파를 지속적으로 가하는 조건에서 Box-Behnken design에 의해 녹차와 애엽의 혼합비, 용매와 용질의 비, 추출시간을 독립변수로 하여 15구간의 추출조건을 설정하고 추출수율(Y)을 종속변수로 하여 모니터링 하였다. 반응표면분석결과 녹차 및 애엽 혼합 추출물은 녹차의 함량과 추출용매의 양이 증가 할수록 추출 수율이 증가 하였으며, 추출시간은 결과에 큰 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 추출수율을 최대로 얻을 수 있는 녹차 및 애엽 혼합물의 최적 추출조건은 녹차와 애엽의 혼합비 85.86%, 용매와 용질의 비 92.73 mL/g, 추출시간 56.52분으로 확인되었으며, 추출수율의 최대값은 30.03% 로 예측되었다.

Recently, amorphous granular starch (AGS) or non-crystalline granular starch (NGS) is of great interest because it has specific physicochemical properties compared to native starches. Various approaches have been taken to prepare gelatinized starch while still maintaining its granular shape. The granular cold-water soluble starch (GCWS) can be prepared by alcoholic-alkaline treatment or by using liquid ammonia and ethanol. However, these starches exhibit significant deformation and shrinking, and chemical treatments may raise safety issues for their potential food applications. Therefore, in this study, the optimization of preparation method for amorphous granular potato starch (AGPS) was investigated using ethanol and heat treatments. Response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) were used to find the optimum conditions for AGPS preparation based on granule integrity and birefringence. Optimum conditions were 53.3% ethanol and 93.87oC heat treatment for 15 min. Prepared AGPS maintained its granular structure and lost birefringence, crystallinity, and DSC amylopectin melting peak, suggesting that proper AGPS could be made using optimized conditions.

본 연구에서는 건축폐기물로 분류되는 레미콘회수수를 재활용함과 동시에 지구온난화의 주범 인 CO2의 자원화를 위한 시스템의 공정최적화를 진행하였다. 레미콘회수수를 이용한 액상탄산화 반응에 서 가장 중요한 공정은 Ca2+를 용출하는 공정이다. 일정량의 레미콘회수수를 이용해 고순도의 CaCO3을 생성하기 위해 Ca2+ 용출시 질산에 의해 낮아지는 pH 농도를 기준으로 실험을 진행하였으며, CO2는 발전기 배기가스를 이용해 MEA용액에 포집하였다. 본 연구를 통해 1톤의 레미콘회수수에서 최대 11 kg의 CaCO3를 합성할 수 있었다. 생성된 CaCO3 분석결과 제지용으로 사용 가능한 것을 확인하였다.

In this study Muffins adding each 0, 1, 3, 5 7% of Acai Berry powder, which has very high anti-oxidant constituent, have been made, and its quality characteristics have been surveyed. From the volume and specific volume measurement, it has been decreased for MA1, 1% of Acai Berry powder added muffin, but the tendency thereafter has shown increasing (p<0.001). From texture characteristics gumminess and chewiness of MA0, reference group, was the highest by 885.86 g/ cm and 6645.71 g, and has shown decreasing tendency as per the adding rate of Acai Berry powder increased (0.001). The electronics scavenging activity of MA7, 7% added muffin, was the highest by 68.91%, and the ascending order was MA1 < Reference Group < MA3 < MA5 < MA7. From the preference test of Acai Berry powder added muffin, MA3, 3% added muffin, was the most preferable one from color, taste as well as total preference. As the added volume of Acai Berry powder is 5% or more, the typical taste and flavor of Acai Berry gives influence to the taste and flavor of muffin, so the preference level has been decreased. Thus the added volume of Acai Berry powder 5% or more is not recommendable.